Rail-road Movements, of which Missouri is the Centre. railroad extending westward from St. Louis, and designed to compete for the position of the Great National Road to the Pacific. She proposes to extend a branch to the line dividing Missouri and Arkansas, provided we will carry it across our territory, to unite with a similar branch, emanating from the New-Orleans and Opelousas road, west, also intended for the Pacific coast. "If these states, upon our northern and southern boundaries, shall complete roads from these two great and growing commercial points, to our northern and southern boundaries, surely Arkansas, with the ample resources which I have shown her to possess, will unite in this so much desired work. The construction of this road will afford facilities to the northern portion of the state which are so much needed, as well as to the wealthy cotton-growing counties of the south, through which it will pass, and bring the whole state, within a day's travel of New-Orleans on the south, and St. Louis on the north. How far the construction of this road will supersede the necessity of the Gaines' Landing Road, is not for me to determine, but the construction of one will in no wise operate against the other." The St. Louis Republican, in speculating upon the future of that city, points out the duties of Missouri towards her great metropolis, and sums up the railroad movements of which she is or ought to be the centre. First. The road from Alton to Chicago, and thence a continuation up Lake Michigan to Fond du Lac, in Wisconsin, with projected roads beyond to Lake Superior. Second. A road by Terre Haute and Indianapolis to the shores of Lake Erie, and thence by the New-York and Erie Rail-road and Albany and Binghamton Rail-road to New-York and Boston; and a connection from this road by the west end of Lake Erie to the north shore of that lake, and by Niagara again to Boston-or by Toronto to the St. Lawrence and to Portland. Third. The Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to Cincinnati, and thence by Pittsburgh, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Philadelphia and Baltimore. From this route will ultimately connect a route through Louisville to Richmond and Norfolk. Fourth. By an extension of the Belle 297 This ville road to near the mouth of the Ohio, Above is found a system of roads projected, and, to a considerable extent, constructed, directly connecting St. Louis with Lake Superior, and with the Atlantic coast, at Portland, at Boston, at New-York, at Philadelphia, at Baltimore, at Norfolk, at Charleston and at Savannah, and with the Gulf of Mexico at Mobile and at New-Orleans-and all these roads to the east being built without any important aid from St. Louis. St. Louis is bound to build roads westward. For every main road that comes from the east, a road must be built to the west; and hence, independent of the great object of developing the wealth of the state, springs the necessity of a system of rail-roads for Missouri. Before the Legislature, a system of roads was presented, looking north to Minnesota, west to the Pacific, southwest to the Gulf of Mexico and Texas, and south to New-Orleans, starting from St. Louis; and considering the importance of the shortest route for each, this system was marked as follows: First. The North Missouri Rail-roadstarting from St. Louis, and passing by St. Charles up the dividing ridge, between the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers, to the north line of the state-to be continued to Minnesota. Second. The Pacific Rail-road-from St. Louis through Gray's Gap, up the Missouri to Jefferson City, and thence by the shortest and best route to the western line at the mouth of the Kansas-to be continued to the Pacific. Third. The Southwest Missouri Railroad-starting from the Pacific Rail-road near the western edge of St. Louis county, and thence by Bourbeuse Ridge, and Osage and Gasconade Ridge, to the southwest corner of the state-to be continued through Texas, and possibly to California. Fourth. The Iron Mountain Rail-road from St. Louis by the Iron Mountain to the south line of the state, and thence through Arkansas. Fifth. Another branch of the same system, not centering at St. Louis, but not the less one of the main trunks, viz., the Hannibal and St. Joseph Rail-road. From the London correspondent of the In London, the price of bar iron is usually £1 per ton higher than in the shipping ports of Wales, to pay the expenses of freight, insurance and other charges. The iron from Staffordshire and other Midland counties being of better quality for many purposes, though not for rails, is usually £1 per ton higher than Welch merchant bar iron. One of our exchanges gives the following calculation of the railway which it is proposed to have built in Broadway, New-York. The road is to be some four miles long, at an estimated cost of some $250,000. One hundred and twenty cars are to be placed on the road or street, the expenses of which is calculated at $480 per day, or $175,000 per annum. At 614 cents fare would give $4,500 per day, or $1,642,000 per annum. At 5 cents fare would give $3,600 per day, or $1,374,000 per annum. At 4 cents fare would give $2,880 per day, or $1,051,200 per annum. At 3 cents fare would give $2,060 per day, or $788,200 per annum. At 2 cents fare would give $1,440 per day, or $525,000 per annum. At 1 cent fare would give $720 per day, or $262,500 per annum. According to the foregoing estimate, there would be a profit : Out 1 cent fare of $96,000, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $3,433,333 33. Out 2 cents fare of $394,820, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $5,330,070. Out 3 cents fare of $613,200, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $10,260,000. This article (rails) cannot be bought under £8 per ton to-day, for cash, against bill of lading, and the manufacturers talk of its getting up to £10 per ton before a great while.-November 5, 1852. Out 4 cents fare of $856,000, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $14,266,666 66. Out 5 cents fare of $1,138,800, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $18,980,000. Out 614 cents fare of $1,466,800, being equal to interest at 6 per cent. on $24,446,800. This is the project of private capitalists, who are willing to pay the city five millions of dollars for the right of way for four miles. The following will be found to embrace a complete table of the length and cost of the State Works of Pennsylvania:— Cotton, Wool and Iron consumed in the United States. 299 ART. XIII-MANUFACTURING PROGRESS. NEW-ENGLAND FACTORIES-COTTON BAGGING-MANUFACTURES OF THE UNITED STATES. Ir is now said that the manufacturers of New-England are enjoying a fair and moderate prosperity. Those of them which possess an abundance of working capital, and whose real estate and machinery have not cost them too high, are making very handsome profits. Others are doing fairly, and most of them are making up, to a greater or less extent, the losses of the two or three past years, which have been unusually heavy. More than half the stocks in Lowell, Lawrence, Manchester, and other places, which a year ago were selling at 50 or 60 cents on the dollar, have now risen into the neighborhood of 90, and the others, with one or two exceptions, have risen from 10 to 20 per cent. during the year. Woolen manufactures have not risen Cotton Goods in the United States. Capital invested Bales of cotton used. Tons of coal consumed Value of entire product... Yards of sheeting, &c.. $74,501,031 609,117 121,099 $34,835,056 102,287 $61,869,184 763,678,407 Woolen Manufactures of the United States. Tons of coal Value of all the raw material Yards of cloth manufactured. 46,370 39,251 $28,118,650 70,862,829 $25,755.988 $43,207,555 82,206,652 so well from their depression as cotton The manufacture of cotton bagging from moss was not long since spoken of in Mississippi, and, when tested, the bagging was said to possess durability. The experiment of manufacturing this new bagging originated with Maj. Mosely, the Superintendent of the Penitentiary. Some years ago he attempted its manufacture with his cotton machinery, and he was so well satisfied with the result, that he sent a large quantity of moss to Kentucky, where it was manufactured into bagging with more suitable machinery. We learn that should the bagging be successful, it may be made at a lower rate than the Kentucky bagging. Having an inexhaustible quantity in our woods, a demand for it would bring the price of the raw article down to three cents per pound. Five cents more would amply cover the cost of manufacture, and the article might be furnished at eight cents per yard. The following is an official statement of the quantity of cotton, wool and iron consumed in the United States during the past year, together with the value of the raw material consumed, number of hands employed, and value and quantity of the articles manufactured. States. ens. Cast Pig Wright ings. iron. iron. 24.. 38.. 27.. 121.. 54.. 29.. 39 .1,694..1,559..1,391..375..422 The entire capital invested in the various manufactures in the United States on the 1st June, 1850, not to include any establishments producing less than the annual value of $500, amounted, in round numbers, Value of raw material. to... Amount paid for labor. $530,000,000 550,000,000 240,000,000 1,020,300,000 1,050,000, ART. XIV.-EDITORIAL MISCELLANY. NEW-YORK WORLD'S FAIR-FINANCES OF TENNESSEE--COLT'S PISTOL-GEORGIA FAIR--CLAY MONUMENT-ERICSSON STEAMER-MAURY'S SCIENCE-NEW BOOKS, PERIODICALS, REPORTS, ETC., ETC.MEMPHIS CONVENTION OF 1853. GREAT preparations are being made for the World's Fair, which is to be opened in New-York, on the 2d May, and a splendid show of foreign and domestic industry is anticipated. We trust that the Southern and Western people will be well represented with their agricultural, mechanical, manufacturing and mineral products. The NewYork Board appointed a committee for the southwest, resident at New-Orleans, consisting of the following gentlemen :-James Robb, Lucius Duncan, Maunsel White, E. La Sere, W. N. Mercer, W. E. Gasquet, H. R. W. Hill, A. F. Axson, J. D. B. De Bow, A. M. Horlbrook, Alex. Walker, C. J. Leeds, Newton Richards. "The committee have issued an address to the people of the states embraced in their action, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas, from which we make the following extracts : "The Fair will be opened on the 2d day of May, 1853, for the exhibition of the industry of all nations, in the splendid structure on Reservoir Square, New-York, embracing an area of 173,000 square feet or four acres. The building has been made a bonded warehouse by government, and already assurances are given of an extensive representation of foreign industry. "Applications for admissions of objects of exhibition must represent their nature and purpose, with the number of square feet required, whether of wall, floor, or counter. The machinery will be exhibited in motion, the motive power to be furnished by the association, and applicants must state also the amount of power required. Paintings in frames will be received. Where ores are exhibited, they should be accompanied by the rocks in which they are found, and also, if possible, by plans and sections of the measures in which they lie, and models and drawings of processes or manufacture. "Prizes for excellence in the different departments will be awarded under the direction of capable and eminent persons. 66 Applications from any of the states named in this address may be made at any time before the 1st of March, 1853, and must be directed to the chairman of the com mittee, at New-Orleans, complying with all the requisitions of section fourth above. The applicant must describe with precision -state the time the product will be ready for shipment, and the port from which he desires to ship, and must also provide for the expenses incurred upon it in the way of freight, drayage, &c., until delivered into the custody of the New-York Board. "The committee at New-Orleans will decide upon all such applications, and upon the receipt of their favorable judgment, the party will be supplied with a certificate to be forwarded to New-York at the time of shipment. They desire to be informed by the 1st March of the quantity of space which will be required from their division, in order to report to the central committee. "Citizens of the Southwest, you are invit ed, and earnestly solicited to be represented in this First Great American Fair. We have products in all abundance in every department of industry and ingenuity, if we will but send them, sufficient to delight and instruct every observer. We were comparatively unrepresented at the London Fair, but every consideration of patriotism should induce us to co-operate in this one upon our own soil. We are a part of the nation that must obtain the glory of success or the shame of discomfiture and defeat. Let us unite with our fellow-citizens of the North in this great enterprise, and rely upon their co-operation in any movements we may make hereafter for similar exhibitions in our immediate region. Thus shall we obliterate local feelings and prejudices and antipathies strengthen the bonds of amity and concord-realize indeed that we are one people, with one hope and one inheritance, one faith and one destiny. "Committee-LUCIUS C. DUNCAN, Chairman. J. D. B. DE Bow, E. LA SERE, A. F. AXSON." The annexed statement exhibits the pub lic indebtedness of the State of Tennessee on the 1st October, 1852: Total indebtedness of the state, Oct. 1, 1851 Capital bonds authorized to be issued under the act of the late General Assembly. $3,651,856 66 250,000 00 Indebtedness of the state....... -$3,901,856 66 CONTINGENT FUND. Bonds issued as a loan to East Tennessee and Georgia Rail-road.. Do. East Tennessee and Virginia Rail road $350,000 00 300,000 00 25,000 00 240,000 00 $915,000 00 Colt's Pistol-Georgia Fair-Ericsson's Invention, &c. 301 city. We approve of this movement with all our heart. Subscriptions are solicited 675,000 00 from all the Southwest. The president of the association is our worthy citizen, Dr. W. N. Mercer-the chairman of the executive committee, James Robb. Would it not be well to have a colossal group in the public grounds at Washington, representing Calhoun, Clay and Webster, the great American triad, as they appeared in the compromise discussions? $3,901,856 66 915.000 00 675,000 00 $5,491,856 66 The people of Tennessee have managed to keep the debt of that state at a moderate point, and, under the restrictions that exist, it will be difficult to increase it much. The system of internal improvements is not calculated to involve the state so deeply as some of its neighbors, while sufficient progress is made to meet the most pressing wants of the community. From the London Service Journal we learn that Col. Colt, the inventor of the celebrated repeating pistols or revolvers, and other firearms, which attracted so much public attention in the Crystal Palace, in the American department of the Great Exhibition of 1851, has found his arms to be so greatly in request in that country, not only for the private use of individuals, but also for officers in both departments of Her Majesty's service in Great Britain, and likewise in the various British possessions abroad, that he has deemed it expedient to make arrangements for establishing a place for the manufacture of them in London. With this intention the Colonel has recently arrived in that country from the United States, and has imported a large quantity of machinery and the necessary implements for the purpose. It seems that in experiments made in England the Colt pistol has triumphed over every competitor, and thrown the officers of the army and navy into perfect ecstasies. The next fair of the Southern Central Agricultural Society of Georgia, will be held in Augusta, during the week commencing on Monday, October 17, 1853. Citizens have subscribed the very liberal sum of seven thousand dollars for the use and benefit of the Society, and the arrangements for the next exhibition are on the most extensive and perfect scale. The premium list has been very much improved in many important particulars, and embraces nearly every branch of industry and taste. We shall take great pleasure in laying it before our readers in a future issue, and will keep the public apprised of all matters of interest connected with the coming exhibition. A Clay Monument Association has been formed in New-Orleans for the purpose of raising funds to erect a colossal statue of the great statesman within the limits of the Dr. J. C. Nott, of Mobile, and Geo. R. Gliddon, have issued a prospectus for a work upon the "Types of Mankind," or chronological researches upon monuments, paintings, skulls, &c. It is to be put to press in a short time, and will be fully noticed by us on its appearance. As a remarkable proof of the perfection to which nautical science may be carried, it is said that Lieut. Maury, of the United States Observatory, Washington, gave to the captain of the clipper Sovereign of the Seas instructions, on sailing around Cape Horn, which, if observed, would enable the vessel to make the passage of 17,000 miles in 103 days, according to his computation, and that the actual time of the voyage only differed two hours from the prediction! At last the great experiment of Ericsson has been crowned with the most brilliant success, and the age of steam is to be succeeded by that of an equally potent though less dangerous element. Who shall predict the end of this great innovation, or to what new results it will lead ? In the West, where the reign of steam has been so frightful in many of its exhibitions, we look to the movements of Ericsson with delight and hope. The Republic says:-" We may now say that Captain ERICSSON has realized the hope of his life and reached the goal of his amengine that should operate upon a less enormous consumption of fuel, and a less wholesale destruction of human beings, has been the great object of his life. To this object he has devoted his mind and his means, his time and his resources, for the last five and twenty years. He has wrought with the enthusiastic belief that it was his mission in the world to supersede steam as a motive power by some more manageable and innocuous agent. He has fulfilled his mission. bition. To invent a substitute for the steam tion are economy and safety. The engine of "The two important points in his inventhe ERICSSON is kept in motion by one-fifth of the fuel that would be consumed by a steamengine of the same power. Here at once is a vast saving of coal, in labor and in shiproom. Then there is no danger from explosion by recklessness, oversight, ignorance— |