Lieutenant William Colfax; he conducted the affairs of the Commander-in-Chief's household after the arrival of the army in New York, paying out all expenses for the same, and taking the place of Mr. Ebenezer Austin, who had been General Washington's steward at Cambridge. dashes (Gamaschen), they wear long small-clothes descending to the foot, and fastened smoothly over the shoe by four buttons and a strap passing under the sole. Since the alliance of the French with the American army, which took place in Rhode Island, July, 1780, the heretofore simple black hat It does not appear that any portion of the Guard cockade is centred by a smaller white one, in rewas mounted until the spring of 1777. 2. "THE INDEPENDENT COMPANY is a body of Pennsylvania Volunteers, consisting almost entirely of officers, constituting a reserve corps for the suite of General Washington, and employed by him as adjutants, and in other positions. Quick ness of manœuvre, military carriage, and other arbitrary characteristics, not yet introduced into the American army, are consequently not to be found in this corps. It would appear, moreover, that General Washington himself wears this uniform, viz. a light-blue coat, with the cuffs, collars, and facings, as well as the under-clothes of a reddish-yellow chamois, or so-called buff-cloth." In the plate we have a dark-blue coat, gilt buttons arranged as before; buff vest and gilt buttons; buff small-clothes fitting to the shape, with five gilt buttons at the ankle, and strapped under black shoes; black stock, and tie for the hair; cocked hat laced with gold, with black cockade and white centre on left side; white chitterlings and ruffles at wrists; and gilt-handled sword. As regards the early use of this uniform, we find that on June 20, 1775, General Washington, being en route for Cambridge, reviewed on the commons at Philadelphia the three battalions of that city, together with the artillery company and light horse, in all some two thousand men, and that the light infantry company of the first battalion, Colonel John Dickinson, composed principally of Quakers, was uniformed in light-blue and buff. 3. PENNSYLVANIA INFANTRY.-"The picture of the corps so named may, with the trifling distinction of color, pass as a general representation of all the regular infantry of North America. These have usually, according to General Washington's account, no sword or side-arms, but wear instead, on the left side and in the neighborhood of the coat-pocket, a bayonet, in a white leather belt passing from the right shoulder obliquely over the strap of the cartridge-box, which is slung from the left shoulder and worn behind. Moreover, in place of the with us customary gaiters or splatter membrance of the event, and as a token of mutual good understanding." In the colored plate, the figure is represented with white cross belts; a long hair-tie; black neck-stock; buff-colored vest, and long small-clothes (as above); brown coat, faced, collared, and cuffed white, with two white buttons. at the wrist, and the lower points of either skirt turned over and buttoned together in front, showing the white lining; white frills and ruffles on the breast and at the wrists. The committee appointed by Congress to confer with General Washington and the New England governors as to the most effectual method of continuing, supporting, and regulating Continental army, having proceeded to Cambridge in October, 1775, it was agreed, among other things, that the clothing provided for the army "be dyed brown, and the distinctions of regiments made in the facings." This suggestion was confirmed by Congress, November 3, and ten days thereafter orders were issued from headquarters that the colonels upon the new establishments were "to settle as soon as possible with the quartermaster-general the uniform of their respective regiments, that the buttons may be properly marked and the work finished without delay.' 4. AMERICAN RIFLEMEN (SCHARFSCHUTZE, JaGER).-" Under their English name, Riflemen, this body of soldiers has become sufficiently well known to us through the newspapers, particularly in the beginning of the American war. They bear the closest resemblance to the so called Tyrolean Sharpshooters, who perform duty also as a standing Jäger-corps in the Austrian army, in so much as, like them, they are publicly known as expert marksmen and hunters, and not alone do they excel in this qualification, but equally so in deportment, though raised without any training or military discipline. Their uniform consists of a long smock-frock or skirt of thick linen cloth, with furbelows or ruffled strips of the same material around the neck, on the shoulders, at the elbows, and about the wrists. The vest reaches quite down to the waistband, and is, as well as the long small clothes (which are strapped under the shoes), of linen cloth. Each of them brings his own firearm to the army, which has a well-used and generally a good barrel, after the kind of our old heavy rifle." According to the picture, the rifleman wore a broad white belt over his left shoulder, to which was attached a cartouch box; a black stock, hair in cue, and on his head a broad-brimmed, roundtopped, black hat. emblem of the thirteen Colonies united in war for liberty"-alluding probably to some change made in the first standard we hear of as having been raised in the American camp, and which floated at Prospect Hill, where Major General Putnam commanded; this was originally the red or scarlet standard of the Third Connecticut Regiment, bearing the Colonial motto, "Qui translulit, sustinet." Even the Continental cruisers did not at first adhere strictly to the red and white stripes, and the flag of the first national vessel which appeared in European waters, October, 1776, has been described, while lying at Martinico, some three months earlier, as a field white and yellow, with thirteen stripes; this was the sixteen-gun brig Reprisal, Captain Lambert Wickes, which carried out Benjamin Franklin as Commissioner to France. The same work gives excellent vignette portraits of Washington, Gates, Franklin, Laurens, and Paul Jones, and two engravings of the "Mind Your Business" coin or medal of 1776, and the Libertas Americana" medal of Dupré, together with colored representations of The Flag and The Pendant of the Thirteen United States of North America. The flag, as herein delineated, is by no means the least important feature of the August 16, 1776, the Marine Committee of Conbook; it bears on a field of thirteen horizontal gress directed Captains Jones and Hallock, of the stripes, red, blue, and white, a blue canton ex- Continental armed sloops Providence and Hornet, tending over the first six stripes, charged with to watch for the arrival of the sloop "Queen of thirteen while stars arranged three and two. The Hungary," bringing arms and ammunition from narrow pendant corresponds; consisting of three Martinico, whose flag was six black bars and six stripes, red, blue, and white (forked red and white yellow bars. at the end), with a blue chief next to the staff, charged with thirteen white stars, arranged as above; but between this chief and the three horizontal stripes are thirteen short perpendicular stripes, red, blue, and white. The writer of this article having long made the American flag a peculiar study, was at first inclined to regard this coloring as an error, or mere freak of fancy; but has since been led to regard the same as an anachronism on the part of the artist. It is very apparent that the Continental Colors recognized by Congress in the early part of 1776, which were spread to the breeze by its infant navy under Hopkins, and by the Commander-in Chief at his quarters in Cambridge, consisted of a field of thirteen stripes, red and white, cantoned, as on the British ensign, with the Union-crosses; a last lingering tribute to the old mother-country, which could not have been consistently retained after the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. Still no flag was as yet established by law; and Hinman, in his "Connecticut in the Revolution," states that "in 1776 the red ground of the American flag was altered to thirteen blue and white stripes, as an VOL. VI.-3 Captain Preble, in his recently-published "History of the American Flag," mentions a yellow standard borne by the Philadelphia Light Horse, which is decorated with certain devices, and cantoned with thirteen blue and white stripes; an addition to the flag, we may safely presume, after the delegates from Georgia, the thirteenth State of the Confederacy, had taken their seats in Congress, that is, in September, 1775. But, as more directly bearing on the point in question, the unfinished sketch of the battle of Princeton, in the Trumbull Gallery, at New Haven, represents the American flag as consisting of thirteen stripes, red, white, and blue. This event took place January 3, 1777; and, as Colonel Trumbull was in active service until his resignation, in February, 1777, the circumstance of his thus depicting the flag is worthy of attention. Moreover, a letter of September 20, 1778, from Arthur Lee, one of our Commissioners in France, to Henry Laurens, President of the Continental Congress, contains this passage: "I think the following inscription on the shield will not be amiss. . . . The ship's colors should be white, red, and blue, alternately to thirteen, and in the upper angle, next the staff, a blue field with thir teen white stars." Within two months thereafter Lee and his fellow-commissioners, Franklin and Adams, sent a communication to Congress (dated November 7, 1778) enclosing a copy of a letter received by them from the Ambassador of Naples, stating that the King, his master, had opened his ports to the flag of the United States of America, and desiring, at these times, when the sea is covered with privateers of different nations, and also with pirates, to know the colors of the flag and form of the sea-papers. The letter was read February 24, 1779, and referred to the Marine Committee for answer. A manuscript before me, written by one who was an officer on the Cumberland, Captain John Manly, early in 1779, in particularly alluding to the flag of that privateer, says: "At this time we had no national colors, and every ship had the right, or took it, to wear what kind of fancy flag the captain pleased." It would appear, therefore, that public opinion was not at first settled as to the colors of the flag, and that the "thirteen alternate red and white stripes, with a blue canton charged with thirteen white stars," and which by a resolution of Congress, passed 14th June, 1777, became the national flag of the United States, was not immediately brought into general use either by the land or by the marine service. Such a flag, undoubtedly, was raised forthwith over the Hall of Congress at Philadelphia, and floated in the principal cities on state occcasions, or at headquarters in the grand divisions of the army; nay, was even saluted abroad, at the request of Paul Jones, in February, 1778, by the French Admiral in Quiberson Bay, as its predecessor, "the Continental Colors," borne on the "General Mifflin," Captain William McNeil, had been saluted,' the preceding August, at Brest, much to the indignation of the English Ambassador, the Viscount Stormont; but cotemporaneous prints would lead us to infer that the usual fighting flag of the Continental regiments continued, for some time, to be but a simple striped ensign. We may presume that this ensign was in no way dissimilar to the red and white striped jack" used in Admiral Hopkins's fleet during the winter of 1775 and 1776, or to "the thirteen stripes" (not the “stars and stripes") which are described as having been found "floating in the water, lashed up in a hammock," after the frigate Randolph blew up (March, 1778), in her engagement with the British sixtyfour gun-ship Yarmouth. But we may not now prolong this subject; whether the tinting of the flag it depicts was erroneous or not, it was with a spirit of prophecy that the little Leipsic Calendar of 1784 thus alludes to it: "Of this prettily-colored picture there is nothing further to say, save that, though the war be ended, the Union of the Thirteen States shall be as apparent as it is here set forth, and that to our children and our childrens' children shall it be reserved, with God's grace, to both see and hear more than we of this new flag." 1 These colors had been saluted still earlier, by the Dutch, at St. Eustatia, 16th November, 1776, when borne by the Continental brig Andrew Doria, Captain J. Robinson. THE CHARACTER OF A HAPPY LIFE. BY SIR HENRY WOTTON (WHO DIED IN 1639). How happy is he born or taught, And simple truth his highest skill: Whose passions not his masters are; Whose soul is still prepar'd for death; Not ty'd unto the world with care Of princes' ear or vulgar breath: Who hath his life from rumours freed; Whose conscience is his strong retreat; Whose state can neither flatterers feed, Nor ruine make oppressors great: Who envies none, whom chance doth raise, Who God doth late and early pray More of his grace than gifts to lend; With a well-chosen book or friend. Author of "Nellie's Memories," "Wee Wifie," "Barbara Heathcote's Trial,” and “Robert Ord's Atonement.” CHAPTER V. THE GREAT UNKNOWN. DYм, do you know the Great Unknown has turned up again?" "Nonsense, Will !'' Dym sat opposite her brother, with the tea equipage between them. The cloth that covered the small library table was carefully darned and spotless in color; the very teapot, though only of Britannia metal, was evidently burnished by willing hands, and reflected Dym's beaming face in a widening caricature. It was wonderful how beaming Dym's face could look just now. Miss Tressilian would hardly have recognized the little pale-faced governess. Dym's olive complexion had warmed into sudden color; her eyes were full of soft brilliance; in her whole appearance there was animation, life, verve; under such aspects Dym could look very pretty. The Parisian education had not been altogether thrown away. Dym could put on a shabby dress, and wear it with the grace of a Frenchwoman; in spite of her slender purse, she never looked ill dressed on any occasion. She had all sorts of simple knacks and contrivances; she would redeem plainness with a knot of gay-colored ribbon; she knew how to adjust a bow or a flower coquettishly. This sort of tact is very valuable to a woman; and though Dym had not a speck of vanity in her composition, she was often heard to say that it was a woman's duty-a plain woman's especially-to make the best of herself." 66 Mr. Elliott's admiration for his young sister was unbounded-he had regarded her trim figure complacently more than once before he had burst out with an involuntary, "You look very pretty, Dym." "I am so glad you think so, Will dear," she had answered quite simply; and then William Elliott had followed up the remark with another rather startling one, "Do you know the Great Unknown has turned up again ?" "Nonsense, Will! "It is true, I assure you." Do you mean Mr. Latimer has really been here again ?" "Latimer! nonsense; that's not his name." "It is what he chooses to call himself, I suppose. Will, don't you think it is wrong for people not to call themselves by their proper names?" "That depends. I believe the motive ought to accuse or excuse in such a case. Of course, I think it is a pity; nay, more, a mistake." "I call it deceit." "Humph, that sounds harsh-women are always so intolerant. This happens to be pure caprice a whim; the man is full of whims." "He does seem to be a most extraordinary person. Did he ever give you his reasons, Will?" "Well, they were hardly to be called reasons. He told me once that he had taken this singular alias to escape the notice of a host of gay London friends. 'I don't want to be unearthed just now,' he remarked, and to have a great hue and cry after me; cannot you respect my incognito a little longer, Mr. Elliott?' And when I hazarded the observation that I thought his fashionable friends would hardly explore Kentish Town in search of him, he answered, dryly enough, Possibly not; but when one has such a staff of moral police-in the shape of one's friends-a man hardly knows when he is safe.' Oh, he is all right, you may depend upon it. Of course, I could not press him further." Dym shook her head sagely, and pursed up her lips. "You are infatuated, Will. The Great Unknown has bewitched your better judgment." "I confess he interests me strongly. A man who can act as he does, and for a whim evidently oh, there's some stuff in him. After all, one must judge of a man by his actions, and not by his words." "True." "This man's actions are most noble. You may shake your head, Dym, but there's something great about Mr. Latimer." "Who was it who preached to me against the folly of hero-worship? Ah, I have you there, Will!" "Not at all. I suppose a man's honest appre ciation is of more value than a school-girl's hysterical admiration. School-girls are so superficial and unsafe in their missish likings and dislikings." "Will, oughtn't you to be ashamed of yourself? Hysterical, missish-for shame!" "So they are. Never mind, Dym; I'll forgive you a great deal if you will properly admire Mr. Latimer." "I am afraid I do a little already," returned Dym, honestly. "Do people fall in love on hearsay, I wonder? How long is it since we first heard of this mysterious individual, Will?" "Let me see. It must be eighteen months ago -it was just after I had got to St. Luke's. I was beginning my three months' probation, I remember." "So do I. Eighteen months-what a long time to be faithful to St. Luke's!" William Elliott's eyes had a far-away look of pleased remembrance. "How well I remember our first meeting-the time and place and all! It was original, to say the least of it; everything the man said or did was unlike what any one else would have said or done under the circumstances. It was a wet night, and I was preaching at St. Luke's to a very scanty congregation. I even remember the subject of my sermon, for I had lost heart about things, and I seemed to be preaching to myself more than to any one else. It was about not being weary in welldoing,' and when I went into the vestry there he was waiting for me." 'what I liked so much about it was that you spoke as a man should who tried to practice what he preached.' Odd, wasn't it ?" "I think he must be a very Broad Churchman," observed Dym, solemnly. Her brother laughed outright. "Well done, Dym; that's what I call begging an argument. Never mind his particular party; I shouldn't wonder at all if his school were different from ours; but to return to that Friday evening. You know Morris had just sent to me to baptize a dying child, so, of course, I could not stand talking to him there; but when I explained the urgent cause for my haste, 'I'll go with you,' he returned briskly; one can talk outside as well as inside, and I daresay you will be glad of a strong arm this boisterous night, as you don't appear over strong.' "As you may suppose, I was a little confused by his offer of company, but how to refuse it was the question; cne thing, it was not far to Preston street, and I could get rid of him there. But I did not know my man; it was blowing great guns, as they say, outside, and the rain came down, too, at intervals. Before we had got past the church railings I was glad enough of the arm he offered me. We did not do much talking by the way; the wind beat the conversation out of us, but he shouted out a few cheery words now and then, and, as far as I can remember, on subjects far removed from the sermon; I am not quite sure that it was not on art criticism, or something of the kind. "Well, when we got to the Morrises', I just said a civil good-night, and thanked him; but he returned, 'No occasion,' and came in with me. I "To be sure-how odd it all was !" cried Dym. She had heard it before, but her brother's pleasure in the reminiscence charmed her; she would not nave interrupted his recital for worlds. William Elliott rubbed his hands slowly over recollect that I had some difficulty in persuading each other, and went on. "Yes, there he was lolling against the vestry . mantel-piece, and looking like a good-tempered giant ; and when he saw me, he came forward and shook hands. I can almost feel his grip now. That's a capital sermon of yours, Mr. Elliott,' he said, and I want to have a good talk with you about it;' and his manner was just as cordial and pleasant as though we had met yesterday." "Dear, dear," laughed Dym, "what a very droll person he must be, Will !'' "Droll! I should think so. I never saw such a pure piece of originality in my life before. 'Well,' he went on in the same cheery voice, him that he need not stand sponsor for the child, as it was evidently dying fast. I believe he had some odd notions on the subject. Strange to say, we were only just in time-the poor little creature almost stiffened in my arms. Verily in the bosom of the Churcn,' he muttered, looking down on the dead baby much as though it were his own; poor little white-folded lamb!' And he spoke almost roughly to the poor mother when her tears dropped on the little dead face. Shame to let the salt of earth touch anything so pure,' he said. "Well, hearing him speak so beautifully, and seeing how tender he was over the poor baby-he gave the parents money, too, I am sure-it was |