CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION MEMORANDA. Commonwealth. These grounds are now occupied by the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, and embrace a splendid collection of birds and animals from every clime. This is the first landing of the steamers in their upward course. Girard Avenue Bridge here spans the river. It is 1,000 feet long and 100 feet wide, has a central roadway paved with granite blocks for carriage-drives and car-tracks, and a walk for pedestrians on each side. The bridge is constructed of iron and stone, and is supported by two massive abutments and four piers. Near the Girard Avenue Bridge is the much greater than the former, and presents a striking appear ance from the steamers. The Centennial City.-The visitor to Philadelphia who remains here for a week or more, though he devote the greater part of the time to the great Exposition, must find or make time to inspect the old historic buildings and places which we have already fully noticed in the Centennial Memoranda Department of May, June, July and August (especially the first two of the months named), and he should not fail to make at least one excursior. up the romantic and historic Schuylkill, upon one of the charming little steamers which ply between the Fairmount Dam and the Wissahickon. Points of interest cover the shores along the entire excursion route, prominent among which we may note the following: | Junction Railroad Bridge. The elevation of this bridge is Fairmount Water Works, whence the steamers start, is beautifully located. Here the city gets the great body of water supply. The structure is imposing, and the machinery used to force the water to the top of Fairmount Hill interesting. The original works were driven by steam-power, and were put in operation in 1801, but proving inadequate to the demands of the city, Frederick Graff, then Superintendent of the works, in conjunction with others, conceived the idea that the construction of a dam at this point would enable the city to procure an ample supply of water at a greatly reduced cost; consequently in 1819, plans having been received by the city authorities for the construction of a dam, the contract was awarded to Captain Ariel Cooley at $150,000, and on the 25th of July, 1821, water flowed over the dam. This structure, which affords such a lake-like surface to the Schuylkill, is 1,204 feet in length and 131⁄2 feet high. The water is forced into the reservoir a height of 96 feet above the city datum, by the action of the water itself, on what is known as the Turbine wheel. Fairmount Hill is beautifully terraced with easy ascents, and planted with trees. The river, previous to the erection of the dam, has been described as being more rugged and rocky along the shore, with more islands than now, and being subject to the tides presented many irregular and rocky places in its bed, so that at the ebbing of the tide it ran with great velocity, giving rise to one of its Indian names, "The Noisy Water." As the steamer leaves the wharf, the first object the eye rests on is the magnificent structure, “ Fairmount Bridge," crossing the river just below the dam. The Lincoln statue on the right bank, represents our lamented Chief Magistrate about to sign the Emancipation Proclama tion. The beautiful "Boat Houses of the Schuylkill Navy" grace the shore from the Lincoln Monument to "Turtle Rock." This organization is one of the finest in the world, and is a source of great pride to the people of Philadelphia. In the rear of the boat houses is Lemon Hill, on the top of which stood the home of Robert Morris, the great financier of the American Revolution. Near the cliff, an observatory 265 feet high has recently been erected. Next in view is "Solitude," a lovely grove, formerly the residence of John Penn, a grandson of the founder of the Between these bridges is "Promontory Point," 60 feet high, which is tunneled through for a road along the river for a distance of 140 feet in length, 41 feet wide and 22 feet in height, through which the eastern drive passes. Here the river widens, and stretching for more than a mile to the bend at Belmont presents a charming appearance; while on each side stand splendid old forest trees, and here and there along the shore the bright green branches of the willow droop gracefully down and kiss the stream. Sweet Brier Mansion rises from a slight elevation in the west, and the grounds around it are set apart as play-grounds for the children. To the east on a thickly wooded hill, stands a grand old mansion, designated by the Park Guide as Mount Pleasant, but it is historically interesting from the fact that "Benedict Arnold" dwelt here at one time. This house is also notable because "Baron Steuben" lived in it, and it is said here he wrote his famous Regulations for the Army of the Revolution. The Germans in recent years called this "Washington's Retreat." Belmont Mansion, at an elevation of about 200 feet from the river, in a circlet of ancient hemlocks, presents a lovely picture. This was the home of Richard Peters, an eminent jurist during the Revolution, a man of great culture, a true patriot, and personal friend of Washington. Nearing Belmont or Centennial Landing, the Great Exposition Buildings with domes, pennants and flags innumerable, are seen. The steamers land their passengers here for the Centennial, whence a broad plank walk leads directly to the entrance at Horticultural Hall. The river at this point flows from the north, bringing into view at one and the same time the course already traced, and throwing in the foreground one of the loveliest sheets of water ever beheld. The objects strikingly visible are Belmont Water Works, Columbia Bridge, Peters's Island, and Rockland with its wooded, steep and massive rock, while in the distance, up the placid river, embowered, lies Laurel Hill, the city of the dead. Passing Peters's Island to the left, almost obscured by a weeping willow, stands the cottage of "Tom Moore," the Bard of Erin, who sang: "Alone by the Schuylkill a wanderer roved, And bright were its flowery banks to his eye: "A gold fringe on the purpling hem As down its long, green valley falls Along its tawny, gravel bed, Noiseless between its banks of green, After the Rockland Picnic Grounds are passed "Ormiston House" comes in view. Next Sedgeley on the cliff, is crowned with stately trees, while dense shrubbery and vines creep down to the shore. Strawberry Mansion follows, a site more lovely than all the rest, and commandingly looks down on the river, while the swelling hills on the opposite shore reveal meadow lands and fields of waving grain. Then Laurel Hill, beautiful in its silence, rears its myriad shafts to tell where lie the ashes of those who peopled our city in days gone by. Many of the noted men of our time are here entombed. Neal, author of "Charcoal Sketches," Judge Conrad, author of "Jack Cade," Elisha Kent Kane, the great Arctic Explorer, General Meade, the hero of the great "Battle of Gettysburg," and many other eminent Philadelphians, find their last resting-place here. Still ascending the river, directly opposite the cemetery is Mount Prospect, sometimes called Chamouni, but originally known as "Metapton." We now approach the Falls of Schuylkill. The river at this point is full of immense rocks jutting up through the water, and is spanned by a stone bridge with five arches, only two of which can be used for navigation. The stream is very narrow here, and when swollen it is impossible to stem the current. In olden times it is said that a tremendous rock projected at the foot of the hill, two-thirds of the way across the river, forming a dam over which the water, during spring freshets, rushed with great violence. Tradition says this was the last spot deserted by the Indian near Philadelphia. This is virtually the terminal point of the excursion, but a little steamer here connects to transfer passengers to the mouth of the romantic Wissahickon, the Indian name for Catfish Creek. The Wissahickon might very appropriately be termed the "Hunting Ground of the Red Man," for here are preserved, in almost unbroken quiet, dense woodlands and pine-clad hills in their native wildness. The excursionist returning views Laurel Hill from a different point, and sweeping the bend at Falls Bridge, involuntarily exclaims, how beautiful! The wide, silent, flowing river now before him reveals a stretch of more than two miles; forming the grand course over wins & ɔeurs men of the Schuylkill Navy delight to ply their · the decks of the steamers in their downward co_r\", only true conception of the magnitude of the Pr realized; and here too is the best point to view the structures of the Great Exposition. The scary aime the sunsets grand, and the ride on the steamers tr refreshing. Philadelphia has deservedly been styled "the C* Homes." There is no city in the world which can e with it in the proportion of dwelling-houses to the p tion; tenement houses are unknown and boarding h but little dwelt in by families. The laboring ma mechanic, the clerk, no less than those in more easy c.. stances, may have and do have comfortable bus +2 mts. their relative means. The immense numbers 'furte roomed houses, with the modern conveniences in the way gas, range, with hot and cold water appliances, and berh, z' low rents, ranging from twelve to twenty-five dillars 17 month, cannot but strike observing visitors as a feat." peculiar to "the City of Homes." Speaking of these m conveniences suggests a glance at our water supply 204 gas manufacture and distribution. The water for our manufactories, dwellings, etc, s tained chiefly from the Schuylkill; there are far &* "works" for securing and distributing it from that ryer a one which obtains water from the Delaware; there about 650 miles of water-pipes carrying the water to parts of the city; the amount of water distributed": five "works" averages nearly 50,000,000 gallons per The total number of houses supplied with water in 1874 118,414. The "Works" are as follows: I. 'Fairmount." These are beautifully loered at lower end of East Fairmount Park, on the banks dé Schuylkill. There are seven turbine- and one breast w and a Worthington engine for use when low-water preve. the working of the water-wheels; the reserver temp four basins with a capacity of 26,896,636 gallons. Ther complete water system was commenced May 2, 17 29. pumping engines then being at the Schuylkill end of Qnut Street, and the reservoir at the intersection of Mitt (then High) and Broad Streets. But very soon the growt of the city necessitated a larger supply than these, w ti could afford and it was determined to build more calm works at the place farther up the river now occupied? Fairmount works. April 19th, 1819, the constrast. di dam across the river was commenced; wheelbases * erected and a reservoir built; three wheels were stre Christmas Day, 1822, and the works were precanced == plete, though water was not issued from them unt. the is July, 1823. Since that time repeated additions and **** sions have been made to the Fairmount Works, and et Works have been built elsewhere. 2. The Schuylkill" Works. These were originally is as "the Spring Garden Water Works." Before 1954. readers doubtless are aware that "the City" en r only the small tract from the Delaware to the Schry between South and Vine Streets, the contiguous terr north, south and west being organized under alene (1) corporations as "Districts," and known as Spring Garden, the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Southwark, Moyamensing, West Philadelphia, etc. In 1854, by the Act of Consolidation, these districts and others beyond within the County of Philadelphia were consolidated with the City. For many years the City supplied the Districts with water, but charged their inhabitants more than their own citizens were required to pay. The people of the districts complained of this discrimination, and appealed to the Legislature for redress. October 18, 1843, the Legislature empowered the corporations of Spring Garden and Northern Liberties to construct separate works for their districts; and accordingly | the Spring Garden Water Works were built for the supply of the two districts. They are located on the Schuylkill at Thompson Street, the reservoir being upon the space between Thompson, Master, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh streets. The Works are run by Cornish side-lever and compound engines. 3. The "Delaware" Works. This is the one "works" not on the Schuylkill, being on the Delaware, on the south bank of Gunner's Run. They were built by the Commissioners of the District of Kensington under authority granted by the Legislature in 1848. They were first operated in 1850. They are run by steam-power, using a Worthington beam and horizontal engine. The reservoir lies between Lehigh avenue, Somerset, Sixth and Seventh streets. 4. The "Belmont" Works. May 1st, 1852, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners of West Philadelphia to erect water-works for the supply of their district, and having selected the west bank of the Schuylkill opposite Lemon Hill, they had their works in operation about the end of 1853. The stand-pipe still stands, though the works were abandoned in 1870, and the Belmont Works started at the same time. The old site is embraced in the Zoological Garden. The Belmont Works are situated on the west bank of the river just below the Reading Railroad (Belmont) bridge. The pumping is done by three Worthington engines, the capacity being 18,000,000 gallons per twenty-four hours; the reservoir is at George's Hill; and it is proposed also to connect with the new reservoir in East Fairmount Park, upon occasion. 5. The "Roxborough" Works are on the east bank, on the line of the Norristown Railroad, above Manayunk, the reservoir being at the intersection of Ann and Isabella streets west of Greentree lane, with a second subsidiary reservoir at Mount Airy. The water is carried from this works to Chestnut Hill and Germantown by two large mains, forming the unique graceful "Pipe-bridge" over the Wissahickon. Chestnut Hill and Germantown were formerly supplied with water by a private corporation, but their works were abandoned as pumping stations soon after the completion of Roxborough Works in December, 1870. As we have remarked, the smaller homes of Philadelphia, as well as the larger, are mostly lighted with gas, and the comparatively few that dispense with this luxury do so mainly because it is made so much of a luxury by the extortionate and otherwise unfair system under which the supply is directed. We cannot but feel that it would be to the advantage of the consumers were the entire management changed, even to the extent of placing the manufacture and supply in the hands of private companies with suitable oppor tunities for competition; doubtless, a first-class quality at a reasonable price, with equitable regulations for securing payment, would be the practical result. The City is no more justifiable in controlling this manufacture than that of bread, nor this supply than that of coal; but if it will persist in their control, at least let the people insist that it be guided by some more honest and equitable regulations, approximating those which obtain among fair-dealing manufacturers and traders. In August, 1796, Messrs. Michael Ambroise & Co., an Italian firm located upon Mulberry (now Arch) Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, gave a series of exhibitions of temples, Masonic devices, and other objects, produced, as they stated, by "inflammable air with the assistance of light." This was the first illuminating gas produced in America. In 1803 a proposition was submitted to the City Councils by "J. C. Henfrey" to illuminate the city by means of gas, the lights to be placed in high towers; it would not be fair to presume that the "City Fathers" were averse to light "because their deeds were evil," knowing as we do the luminous character of their successors of our day; but whatever the cause, the City Councils refused to entertain the proposition. Again, in 1815, the City legislature refused the petition of "James McMurtrie" to introduce gas; and possibly to this day we should have been confined to oil and tallow had the introduction of gas been at the option of the brilliant intro-illuminati of City Councils; but private enter| prise introduced gas in certain localities, and in time the politis-patres were constrained to consent to the City's illumination therewith. In 1817 Dr. Charles Kugler manufactured gas, which was used on special occasions to light up the Philadelphia Museum, at the time located in Independence Hall; then the second Masonic Temple on Chestnut street between Seventh and Eighth streets, upon its rebuilding in 1820 was lighted by means of carburetted hydrogen gas made from tar, and on Second Street near Walnut stood a tavern distinguished a "the Gas-light Tavern." At last, in March, 1835, "the Philadelphia Gas Company" came into being under an ordinance of Councils, with a capital of $125,000} the ordinance, unfortunately, contained a stipulation that the City might purchase the works at any time. On the 8th of February, 1836, the Market Street Works went into operation. For a time, but two stores ventured to burn the "dangerous stuff." The subsequent history of gas lighting in this city we need not detail. In 1841, July 1st, the city bought out the Gas Company, and since that time the manufacture and supply have been mismanaged by a Board of Trustees, notorious as "the Philadelphia Gas Trust.” The manufacturing gas works are: the "City" Works on Market Street, north side, from Twenty-second Street to the Schuylkill; "Point Breeze," upon the east bank of the Schuylkill at the end of Passyunk road; the "Spring Garden," on Callowhill Street at Twenty-fifth, with a front on the river; the "Frankford," the name of which sufficiently indicates their location, and the "Northern Liberties," on Laurel Street near Frankford Road. These last-named works are independent of "the Gas Trust,” and belong to a private company, styled "The Northern Liberties Gas Company," with a capital of $200,000. Glances at the Exhibition.-Repeated visits to the Centennial Exposition do not diminish in any marked degree the sensation of the wonderful that surrounds and seizes upon one on first entering the buildings. There is the same immensity, the same profusion, the same endless variety. One is not so bewildered at the twentieth visit as at the first, but it is none the less incomprehensible, and just as you think you have seen the whole of it and reduced the show to an utterable system, new objects if not new buildings full of choice things are sure to spring into view. Philosophically speaking, the true way to see the Exhibition is to begin at the engine rooms to the south of Machinery Hall, and study for a little while the processes whereby the gifts of Providence in the shape of coal and water, directed by human genius are dumped as it were right out of the heart of the mountains and pumped from the rivers and seas into the furnaces and boilers where the steam is generated and the force begotten that drives the countless belts and wheels and shuttles in Machinery Hall, and that is really at the heart of most of the exhibits in the Main Building as well. While in the neighborhood of the boiler rooms, and lest you should leave it till last, and forget it altogether, it may be well to glance through the Shoe and Leather Building, just to be amazed at the fancy things that have been made out of the hides of slaughtered animals, and Mr. Goodyear's rubber patent to keep our feet from the cold and the stones. This building alone is worthy of special study and a description all by itself. The A costly and one of the handsomest exhibits in the building is that of Messrs. Wilson, Walker & Co., of Leeds and London, showing great varieties of leathers in the dressed and finished state, ready for the tools of the cutters. case is plain black with gilt ornamentation in the usual style of the English. The uniquest, most tasteful and prettiest leather exhibit is that of the Bronx Wool and Leather Company, New York. The arrangement of the neat oak case is well adapted for the display of the bright colored goods which it contains, and the skins are all placed with skill, presenting the best possible appearance for an exhibit of this kind. Of course there are any quantity of boots and shoes of all sizes, from a baby's to a giant's, mostly notable for their high heels and narrow toes, as if intended for the special torture of human nature, but there are some very comfortable shoes too here and there. The four rubber exhibits at the west end of the Shoe and Leather Building are, however, decidedly the handsomest things to be seen here, and of these four the exhibit of the Davidson Rubber Company, of Boston, is not only by far the richest in this building, but is quite equal to the very handsomest exhibits in the Main Building. There are rubber cushions, balls, pads and pillows; rubber tubes, hose, hats, coats, boots and shoes, all most perfectly and tastefully manufactured and admirably arranged; and the case is well conceived and placed for a good display. But unless you are a shoemaker by trade, there is no probability that you will visit the Shoe and Leather Building first, or devote much attention to it at all. Machinery Hall, however, should be visited and studied carefully before entering the Main Building. The processes of making some of the most wonderful and beautiful things in the entire exhibition-silk badges, handkerchiefs, and dress goods, cotton cloth and carpet, leaden type, we chairs, and wrought nails-may be seen here in thear a activity. And action is not only the law of oratory; : the law of life. Thoughts may be beautiful enoeg?, es is the act of putting thought into shape, on paper, 18 brass, or stone, or marble, or silk, or clay, that is the s fascinating thing in all this universe. To work the breath into thought, the thought into a word, or into a Cup 15 gine, and the finest dry goods and other goods, this is perfecting beauty of the spirit of nature up to this beer. The way to study Machinery Hall is first to imbibe to the im capacity of your brain the action, influence a power et Corliss engine. Never mind whether Mr. Corliss was p $80,000 for it, or whether he gave it to the exhibition. It is none of our business. It is worth the price in either case. and is, we take it, simply the sublimest piece of machter ever yet built by human skill. Study a while the inter ground processes by which it is fed from the boiler ro get a definite comprehension of the eight central sha'ta ta! connect its force with the vast network of wheels and beart energy throughout the Hall, and then sit down and feel the magic power, the quiet dignity, the perfect harm.ay, the beautiful symmetry of this majestic stroke of human in nuity. Machinery Hall is the deadest place on the gr«>! when the machinery is not in motion; but when the table wheel on the eastern platform of the Corliss engine a touched, and the piston-rods, and cranks, and shackle-lenns and walking-beams respond to the hidden speil of power which touches them from beneath, conveying this p from centre to circumference throughout the building, ar Machinery Hall is veritably what Goethe once said of a Manchester cloth-factory, the beautifulest and m st poccia place on the face of the globe. While passing through Machinery Hall during the penzma of its erection, a friend of ours once remarked, "Mark uw words, that" (pointing to the wing that was being prepared for the water reservoir and cascade)" will be one of the most interesting spots in this exhibition. The people = crowd here, and keenly enjoy the action of the tailing an rushing water." His words have proven true. The or borhood is almost always crowded, and the spot serm te give rest as well as entertainment to the looker-on. Some of the machinery for working the cascade, and the darging pipes and hose in the vicinity of it are not as tasteful they might be, but the true ends of the idea are accomplishti, and the water spray is none the less cooling. The cascade itself will do very well; but of course we can't have tw Niagaras in one country, or transfer the real one to the te tennial Exhibition. In the same neighborhood are numerous specimens elevators, each, of course, claiming to have the minimes d neck-breaking risks in its favor. By studying either awit the uninitiated may get a pretty clear idea of the percipa and processes whereby he is so comfortably and icy er vated from basement to sky parlor in nearly all the lage new buildings in the country. A ruling industry in Mochim v Hall, and one of the most entertaining as a mechan operation, is that of the wood-sawing machines. It is q* wonderful to watch the fine little steel band saws, not mad larger than a horse-hair, flying up and down like lightsTM and cutting solid blocks of wood into almost as many curious shapes as the lightning cuts the clouds. Little baby-chairs and picture frames and all sorts of ornamental wood work are manufactured with marvelous speed, so that the curious can see the chair made, purchase it, and get off with his Centennial gem in his pocket all inside of five minutes' time. Various attempts had been made for many years to construct a circular band saw that would work by steam power, but with only partial success, till about twenty-five years ago, J. | L. Perin, of Paris, France, began his experiments in band sawing, by constructing both machines and saws. To his perseverance we owe the development of the band saw. For fifteen years, in the workshop, in the courts of law, and in the face of public opinion, he persevered in the work which culminated in the complete success of his blades and machines, and in his being presented in 1867 with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, a distinction seldom conferred on a "Mecanicien" by the Imperial Government. This sort of machinery was in regular use in Europe several years before its general adoption in this country. The machinery of Messrs. Richards, London & Kelley near the west centre of Machinery Hall seems to be the most complicated and its specimens of workmanship the most intricate. From the opening of the Exhibition until now the machine for the manufacture of Centennial Badges, owned by T. Stevens, of Coventry, England, has been the most popular exhibit in Machinery Hall. In its operation it uses one hundred and sixty shuttles, works eight different colored silks and weaves twenty badges at the same time. Another beautiful and popular exhibit in a similar line is that of the Paterson, New Jersey, Silk-Weaving Company. The finest silk scarfs and handkerchiefs are run out in the most brilliant and beautiful colors while the fascinated bystanders look on; and the day we saw him, the polite young salesman was selling said articles just as fast as he could take the money and give correct change. The Waltham Watch Company's exhibit attracts a good deal of attention. Beyond question, the machinery is very perfect, and the work performed extremely intricate and beautiful; yet the interest of the visitor is, we think, a good deal cooled when he finds that only certain parts of the watch are being made, and that the complete little timepiece is not manufactured from beginning to end in Machinery Hall. This exhibit, by the way, is rather a happy illustration of woman's rights as illustrated by woman's mights and skill. In another part of the building we noticed a very lady. like woman, apparently with great ease and skill manipulating the action of a huge and rather dangerous-looking tack-making machine. Of course, the women do the finest work, cotton embroidery and rich wool flowering, done on all the best makes of woman's special gem and helper-the sewing machine. The exhibit of sewing-machines is almost as marked a feature of Machinery Hall as the exhibit of locomotives, and each is a marvelous illustration of ways in which the mind of man is subduing the forces of nature, saving human labor and giving the whole race a chance to get a moderate degree of mental cultivation during its terrestrial sojourn. The net results in this line will be much plainer a thousand years to come than they are now. It will then be seen whether the race has taken full advantage of these helps, and has really elevated the standard of human wellbeing at the heart and core, or whether it has used the infinite appliances of certain choice geniuses of the world simply to feather its nest and keep the carcass comfortable, well clothed and warm. Croft & Wilbur's, and Whitman's chocolate and candymaking machinery attract considerable attention in Machinery Hall, and folks young and old who indulge freely in the sugar-goods' line, will not have their taste diminished when they see the cleanliness and care observed in the manufacture of their pet delicacies. Quite near the candy-making operation the tobacco exhibit of Messrs. Archer & Brownell, of Richmond, Virginia, attracts general attention, not so much on account of the quality of the exhibit, and it seems worthy of question why it was placed in Machinery Hall at all, as there is little or no mechanism about it; but apparently wholly by virtue of the originality of the plan of showing the goods, four strong negroes being employed to take the raw tobacco in the leaf and pass it through the processes of arranging and weighing till it is ready for the counter, and meantime to sing the fine old plantation songs and hymns, the sole redeeming relic of a life of darkness and much despair. And these darkies now sing as though the "good time coming," about which they used to dream, had really come, and their songs are far more attractive and inspiring than the chime of bells at the east end of the building. Somehow, a chime of bells needs the church beneath to give the true character and tone, and the highest effect in this line is only reached when the church is an.old one and surrounded by hills and fields, instead of the rattling and driving machinery of modern times. The paper-printing and staining machinery of Messrs. Howell & Brothers, of Philadelphia, commands a good deal of attention. Paper-hanging is an industry so universally applied in these days that any process showing the work of making or printing the paper catches the popular eye, and as a real matter of ingenious construction this exhibit is well worthy of study. Visitors to Machinery Hall need not any longer be in ignorance of the ways of printing the great newspapers of the day. The Times, Philadelphia, press is there, and the presses of the New York Herald and Sun. In fact if the Centennial Exhibition, especially Machinery Iall part of it, is not an educator of the masses, it will either be because the masses can't afford to get in and get their children in at the prices of admission fixed, or because they have not, personally, brain enough to learn the lessons here being freely taught every day. While speaking of printing-presses, it may be well to remind the visitor that in the Campbell Press Building, west of Machinery Hall, is the old original press which, on July 17, 1776, printed in the Worcester (Massachusetts) Spy, the first copy of the Declaration of Independence that was ever printed in New England, and it is a good strong, square, honest-looking press to this day. While in the paper line it occurs to us to mention the very interesting and ingenious machinery of Mr. Lockwood of Philadelphia, for the manufacture of envelopes. While you stand and look on a solid roll of paper cut to the required |