are various kinds of these machines, which variety necessarily demands, that the powers of them should differ according to the effect required of them, and agreeably to the nature of their situations. The arms on which the sails are drawn consists of tubes similar to those which form the pillar, fixed to a certain length, or not; they are made to move horizontally, or any other way: the arm is jointed at the end, that the sails may be lifted up out of the way, or to increase the velocity of the machine. The larger machines have a screw on each of the arms, to place them at any elevation; and spring receivers, to keep them up securely when not wanted down. The sails are made of almost every material, and almost every shape; among those which answer best, are silks, lawns, persians, crapes, gauzes, and nettings; to which might be added a variety of ornamental fringes, which would not only add to the beauty of their appearance, but in many instances to their usefulness. Nettings are perhaps the most appropriate, to chase away winged insects in general.

Having thus described the machine, it may be requisite to point out, briefly, the mode of its operation. The machine being wound up, and placed in its intended situation, its sails move in a horizontal direction, (unless otherwise required,) and propel the air in a circular current commensurate (in the first instance) to its own size. As the sails revolve, the air first circulated stimulates and even forces the circumjacent air to partake of its motion, which likewise operating in a similar manner, in a few seconds circulates all the air in the room, the outer part of the circulation being repeatedly driven to the sides of the room, it rushes along in the direction of the sails till it is forced out at the chimney, the usual outlet of air. Fig. 2, is a zephyr, suspended from the cieling. In witness whereof, &c..

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to WILLIAM PLEES, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman; for certain Methods of manufacturing Paper for various Purposes, and of applying one of the said Methods to Purposes for which Paper hath never before been used.

Dated September 27, 1802.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said William Plees do hereby describe and specify my said invention, as follows. My first invention is that of a paper manufactured of any of the various substances already known to be veined, clouded, mottled, or speckled in different colours, by adding paper-stuff, paper-shavings, rags of linen, cotton, or silk, straw, hay, chaff, tan, tobacco, snuff, bark, bran, bronze, spangles, frosts, foils, or any other substances capable of being made to bed, sufficiently, into the stuff which forms the ground. These veins, clouds, mottles, or speckles, to be mixed with the stuff, so as to form one general mass previous to the dipping; and either cut or torn by hand, by the engine, or by any other machine more suitable, or as most convenient; or else to be sprinkled or poured over the mould before dipping; or over the sheet before or after couching; or received on the mould by repeated dippings before couching; or by couching two or more deliveries on each other. My invention being that of making paper of various colours in the same sheet, by adding substances of different tints, and which the several methods above described will attain in a variety of ways according to fancy. My second invention is for applying the above, and also any other description of paper, capable of being rendered elastic, to the purposes of lea

ther,

ther, by tanning, currying, or dressing them, in any of, or all the various methods already known for finishing leather, from the hide or skin. The methods I have principally used, are by taking wool or woollen rags, either alone or mixed with those of linen, cotton, hemp, or flax, or what is generally called junk, the principal properties intended to be given being those of strength and elasticity. In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to WILLIAM-HENRY CLAYFILED, of the City of Bristol, Wine-merchant; for a Method of reducing and extracting Lead and other Metals from a compound Substance, commonly known by the Name of Regulus or Regule, and at present obtained as the Residue or Refuse of certain Ores at the LeadFurnaces, and also obtained in other Works or Manufactories; which said Regulus appears to consist chiefly of the Oxides of Lead and Arsenic, and also from Ores or native Minerals, of nearly the same Composition.

Dated February 10, 1803.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said William-Henry Clayfield do hereby declare, that my said invention is described in manner following; that is to say: Instead of the ordinary treatment to which the ores of lead are most commonly subjected, (that is to say, roasting at a low red heat, with or without the addition of coal and lime, and subsequent fusion by a stronger heat, followed by drying up with lime and coal, and a succeeding fusion,) I adopt the following process. I cover

I cover the bottom of the furnace with a considerably greater proportion of lime than would be required for lead ores, and upon the said lime I dispose the regulus, and immediately proceed to fusion by a strong heat. It is not absolutely necessary to use lime in this first fusion, though it is most advantageous so to do. To the fused mass I then add a much larger proportion of coal and of lime than is commonly used in drying up or checking the fusion of lead ore. By the last-mentioned addition, a considerable quantity of the lead is separated in the metallic state, and runs to the bottom of the furnace, where it is to be immediately tapped out; and any portion of the fused regulus which may have passed along with it, is to be taken up and returned into the furnace. I then add more coal and lime, and rake up the remainder of the charge towards the flame, in order, by a strong heat, to separate still more of the lead; and I repeat this process of adding lime and coal, and raking up, during the remainder of ten or twelve hours, reckoned from the commencement of the whole operation; at the end of which period the mass will be found in a state much less capable of fusion than before. I then rake out the residue, and expose the same to a still stronger heat, in a furnace of any other construction, in order to extract the remainder of the lead, and other metals, by the addition of combustible and other substances, according to the well-known practices of chemists.

Or otherwise, in case the furnace first used be capable of raising and supporting a sufficient degree of heat, then the entire course of operation or treatment of the regulus, from the first to the last part thereof, may be conducted and performed in the said last-mentioned furnace.

And I do farther declare, that in the cases where coal is herein-before directed to be used, the effect of reducing

the