the rest dull reddish; feet dull leaden blue; bare skin on face scarlet.

Native name "Nampak."]

237. RHINORTHA CHLOROPHÆA.

Rhinortha chlorophaa (Raffl.); Salvad. t. c. p. 69; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 34, 1879, p. 245, 1881, p. 792; Brüggem. t. c. p. 455; Blasius, t. c. p. 32.

a. ad. Benkoka, Sept. 5, 1885.

Kina Balu, April 1, 1887.

[In habits similar to Rhopodytes erythrognathus, with the same peculiar quiet and skulking manner.

Iris dark brown;

bill pea-green; bare skin on face emerald-green; feet dull cobalt-blue.]

238. POLIOCOCCYX SUMATRANUS.

Rhopodytes sumatranus (Raffi.); Salvad. t. c. p. 73; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245; Blasius, t. c. p. 32.

Zanclostomus sumatranus, Brüggem. t. c. p. 455.

[I also saw this species at Abai, frequenting a patch of jungle on the coast, but did not obtain a specimen.]

239. ZANCLOSTOMUS JAVANICUS.

Zanclostomus javanicus (Horsf.); Salvad. t. c. p. 75; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; Blasius, t. c. p. 33.

a. ad. Kina Balu, March 1887.

[Not so common as the last two species, though similar in habits. This bird has a higher range than the last two species, for I met with one on Mt. Ophir, in Malacca, at 3000 feet. This species has a peculiar note like "kick kick." Iris black; bill coral-red; feet brownish black.]

240. CENTROCOCCYX EURYCERCUS.

Centrococcyx eurycercus (Hay); Salvad. t. c. p. 78; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 8; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 328, 1880, p. 793; Blasius, t. c. p. 39.

a, b.

c, d.

ad. Labuan, Jan. 1886.

ad. Labuan, June 1886.

[This large and powerful Cuckoo frequents the small

tangled patches of forest, being rarely met with in the larger

stretches of old forest. upon flesh, killing and if left long in the traps. the young from nests, and have watched two little Flycatchers (Rhipidura javanica) very busy attacking and trying to drive this Cuckoo from a tree where they probably had a nest.

The natives say that it often feeds eating birds that have been snared, have no doubt that it would take

The note is loud, "būh būh,” uttered many times, as the bird sits, generally towards the evening, in some prominent position.

Native name " Bubut," probably from the note.
Iris, feet, and bill black.]

241. CENTROCOCCYX JAVANENSIS.

Centrococcyx javanensis (Dumont.); Salvad. t. c. p. 76; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 34.

Centropus javanensis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 328; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 246.

a.

imm. Labuan, May 1885.

b. Juv. Labuan, Aug. 18, 1885.

[This species, unlike the last, is seldom seen except in the "llang "-grass plains near the edges of clearings.

This Cuckoo may often be turned up in the coarse grass plains within a few yards, when it rises with a slow flapping flight, often soaring long distances, seldom more than a few feet above the grass, and then dropping suddenly out of sight.

It is plentiful in Labuan, and, like C. eurycercus, is most often heard towards evening as it perches on some low post or bunch of beaten-down grass.

I had an egg given me, supposed to be of this species, which was white; it was found on the ground under some tangled growth.

Native name "Bubut."

Iris brown; bill and feet black.]

Fam. BUCEROTIDE.

242. BUCEROS RHINOCEROS.

Buceros rhinoceros, L.; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246;

Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pl. iv.

Buceros rhinocerosoides (T.); Salvad. t. c. p. 87.

a. ad. Benkoka, Oct. 6, 1885.

[Iris dark lake; bill red and yellow; feet dull yellow. This large Hornbill is fairly common, frequenting the high fruit-bearing forest trees. I have seen eleven flying in one flock, when they could be heard a great distance off, the noise they make with their wings being very loud. Native name "Sungung."]

243. RHINOPLAX VIGIL.

Rhinoplax vigil (Forst.); Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pl. x. ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 248.

Rhinoplax scutatus (Bodd.); Salvad. t. c. p. 88.

a. Ad. Benkoka, Oct. 9, 1885.

[Fairly common in most old forests, frequenting the tops of high trees. It utters a loud deep cry, " Lentodoon" (from which it gets its native name), and then goes off into a fit of laughter, which may be heard at a great distance.

I saw them on Kina Balu up to 3000 feet.

The native idea is that the heavy knob on the bill is used for hammering the gutta and gum round the hole when it closes up the female in the nest.]

244. ANTHRACOCEROS CONVEXUS.

Authracoceros convexus (T.); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 329; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 246; Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pl. xii.

Hydrocissa convexa (T.); Salvad. t. c. p. 80; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 7, 1879, p. 246.

a, b. d. Labuan, May 28, 1885.

c. juv. Pulo Gaya Island.

[Young birds have the bill dull pea-green; feet dull cobalt; eye not so dark as the old birds.

Adults have the bill light yellow, with a black mark on end of casque; eye lake; skin at base of bill light blue.

Common on most small islands near the sea-coast; I have never met with this Hornbill far inland. It has a curious screaming cry, which is frequently uttered.

Native name "Lēkup."]

245. ANTHRACOCEROS MALAYANUS.

Anthracoceros malayanus (Raffl.); Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot.

pl. xv.

Hydrocissa malayana (Raffl.); Salvad. t. c. p. 83.

Hydrocissa albirostris (Shaw); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246. a, b. . Benkoka, Oct. 2, 1885. ♂

c. ♂.

Kina Balu, April 20, 1887.

[d. Bill white; feet black; iris dark lake.

. Bill, iris, and feet black.

Fairly common in old forest. Met with on Kina Balu at 1000 feet. The small black-billed bird is doubtless the hen of the white-billed bird, as they are generally seen together, and the sexing also proves it.]

246. ANORRHINUS COMATUS.

Anorrhinus comatus (Raffl.); Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pl. xxxix.

a. ♂ ad. Benkoka River, Sept. 12, 1885. b. ?. Benkoka River, Nov. 13, 1885.

Recorded from Borneo for the first time.

[Iris dull greenish yellow; skin on face pale cobalt; bill white, blackish at tip; feet black.

Met with in a forest on the Benkoka River. Unlike the other species mentioned, this Hornbill frequently settles on the ground.

Some birds have white and others black tails. This is apparently only a difference of age, as the British Museum contains Malayan specimens with black and with white tails from the same locality.]

247. ANORRHINUS GALERITUS.

Anorrhinus galeritus (T.); Salvad. t. c. p. 79; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pl. 42.

a. Ad. Kina Balu, April 23, 1887.

b. Ad. Sandakan, April 14, 1885.

c, d. ad. Benkoka, Oct. 11, 1885.

Adult. Iris lake; bill black, sometimes white-striped; feet black; skin on face pale blue.

Jr. Iris blue; bill dull red at tip, pea-green at base; skin on face bright king's yellow.

[Fairly common. Also occurs on Kina Balu up to 1000 feet. I found a nest of this species in an old tree, the female and a young one being securely fastened in by gums and resins. The curious part, however, was that there were no less than five other Hornbills feeding her, including males and females. I shot three birds at the tree on the first day, before I discovered the nest, which had evidently been used many times, judging by the excrement at the foot of the tree; and on the following day there were two other birds feeding the imprisoned hen. The Hornbills build up the hen in a tree, leaving only a small hole through which to feed her: this is done for defensive purposes against large tree-lizards and monkeys.

The young bird taken was well feathered and lived a long time, feeding voraciously on boiled rice and fruit; but the little fellow made such an incessant noise (like a wet cork rubbed on a bottle) that I had frequently to send him to some distance from my hut. This one day caused his death, through my boy putting the basket in a place where the bird got too much sun, which killed it. The hen bird was so weak after her imprisonment that for a long time she was unable to fly. The curious change of colour in the soft parts which the young bird undergoes before becoming adult is interesting.]

Fam. MEROPIDE.

248. MEROPS SUMATRANUS.

Merops sumatranus, Raff.; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 329; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 248; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793.

Merops bicolor, Salvad. t. c. p. 90; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 33, 1877, p. 5.

[Fairly common in open places. In habits similar to all the rest of the family. Nests in holes in the ground, laying

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