doubt, be widely read, not only because of the circumstance of its having been "written for a leading Catholic Review in London in which, however, in consequence of a difference of opinion between the Editor and the writer as to certain paragraphs in it, it is not to be published," but also because of the intrinsic value of the brochure itself, and because it was high time that some one with the competence which the Bishop of Limerick possesses in the subject should intervene to save the name of Newman from the fate which seemed to threaten it owing to the too great zeal of the Modernist admirers of the Cardinal. "I observe," writes the Bishop, " that some of the persons who feel the severity of the Pope's condemnation try to shield themselves under the venerable name of Newman. . . There is nothing in Newman to sustain, or extenuate, or suggest a particle of their wild and absurd theories." In vigorous and lucid language the author of the Essay brings argument after argument to prove this thesis. The work has, we understand, received the compliment of a special letter of commendation from His Holiness. 5. Father Lemius's Catechism of Modernism, which appeared originally in Italian and in French, carries with it the highest commendation, a letter of approval written by Cardinal Merry del Val, in the name of the Sovereign Pontiff. St. Joseph's Seminary has done good service to English-speaking Catholics in placing at their disposal this very simple exposition of the contents of the Encyclical Pascendi. 6. The author who hides his identity under the initials C. S. B. exposes the doctrines of Modernism, brings forward reasons for their condemnation and furnishes citations from the works of several recent writers to show that the errors are far from being obsolete. He takes the Roman Catholic Catechism used in England, omits the distinctly Catholic doctrines that it teaches, and taking the "common Christian teaching" that is left, uses it as a standard by which to judge Modernism. The result is, as he himself says, "striking." He is entirely correct, we think, in associating with Modernism the "Liberal Theology" which is causing no little unrest among orthodox Protestants. 7. The purpose of this pamphlet is to show that "Modernism, viewed in its unphilosophical foundations, is neither modern, nor is it Catholic, but the opposite of both "-a purpose which, we think the author, in part, attains. Here and there, however, he indulges in what one might characterize as recklessness of state ment, and the language, throughout, might be improved by the exercise of a little pruning. For instance "Kant's philosophy is rather ancient, nearly two centuries old, and he borrowed his system from Celsus and Porphyry.” Father Pesch's book, written before the publication of the Encyclical Pascendi, is a study of the Act of Faith and of dogma in relation to historical facts. Under the heading Grundlegung he analyzes the Act of Faith and studies the nature of dogma in the light of the Decrees of the Vatican Council. In the next portion Neuere Ansichten, he reviews the opinions of Loisy, Ward, Tyrrell, Laberthonnière and Blondel, giving ample and textual justification of his strictures by numerous citations from the works of these writers. In the third portion, Beurteilung der neuen Lehre vom Glauben, he devotes special attention to Newman's Doctrine of Development and to the question of Dogma and History. We hope to see the work soon made accessible to those who cannot read in the original this scholarly defence of Catholic teaching. WILLIAM TURNER. Qualities of a Good Superior. Edited by Rev. Ferreol Girardey, C. SS. R. St. Louis, B. Herder, 1908. Pp. xviii, 295 pages. Price, $1.25 net. The present volume is compiled chiefly from the instructions. of the Venerable Father Champagnat, one of the first Marist Fathers, and founder of the Little Brothers of Mary. The qualities analyzed are especially, good judgment, piety, regularity, charity, humility, meekness, firmness, watchfulness, zeal for the correction of inferiors, knowledge, etc. To the material drawn from Father Champagnat, Girardey has added an appendix containing matter on the duties of superiors, from the works of several Saints and Masters of the spiritual life (259-291) v. g., St. Ignatius, St. Alphonsus, St. Gerard Majella, Fr. Alvarez, Fr. Valuy, etc. We are confident, no less than the editor, that the present work will prove most useful not merely to religious superiors but also to the clergy, and in general to every one having charge of souls. R. BUTIN. History of the Books of the New Testament. By E. Jacquier. Transl. from the French by Rev. J. Duggan. Vol. I, St. Paul and His Epistles. New York, Benziger, 1907. Pp. xiv, 335. Price $2.00 net. The original French edition of this work forms part of the Bibliothèque de l'enseignement de l'histoire ecclésiastique; it is now translated into English as the first volume of the International Catholic library. It is to the honor of Jacquier that his work should have been chosen to open the new series, and this fact sufficiently indicates with what favor the French original has been received in historical circles. After a few remarks on the chronology and language of the New Testament (1-27) the author takes up more directly the subject announced in the title: St. Paul and his Epistles. Concerning the person of St. Paul, Jacquier analyses his nationality, his characteristics, the genesis of his thought, his history previous to the Epistles to the Thessalonians, and his language (28-66). He then examines each Epistle according to a uniform plan: Church to which it was sent, occasion, contents, genuineness, date and place of composition, special remarks. Almost all the problems relative to the Pauline Epistles are indicated, although the author did not intend to discuss them in all their intricacies. Jacquier exposes fairly the various aspects of these problems, tells us what he considers more probable, and gives us the principal reasons in favor of his conclusions. The English translation is a little shorter than the original "not on account of any real or substantial omission, but because the analyses of the Epistles have been reduced to more suitable proportions." Jacquier is well informed and impartial in his exposition. The desire of being concise has occasionally given a somewhat awkward appearances to some passages. With regard to the last two chapters of the Epistles to the Romans, v. g. he asserts that Marcion cut them off for dogmatic reasons (195) and in the same strain, he tells us that Tertullian, Cyprian, Irenaeus do not quote them on account of their lack of dogmatic importance (ibid.). The two may be correct, but a little explanation would have been wel come. The present work is very clear, systematic, and scholarly; on account of its suggestiveness and fairness it is an ideal book to place in the hands of students. R. BUTIN. La Théologie de St. Paul, par F. Prat, S. J. Première partie. The professors of the Catholic Institute of Paris have taken the direction of a movement aiming at supplying us with monographs on positive theology. Already several volumes of their "Bibliothèque de Théologie positive" have been issued by Turmel, Bellamy, Adhémar d'Alès. To this collection, Fr. Prat contributes the theology of St. Paul. Although his aim is not merely critical, still, he knows full well that, unless the foundations are secure, the superstructure cannot stand. For this reason, he has examined very carefully the various problems connected with the Pauline Epistles. Thus he covers the same ground as Jacquier; in fact, his treatment of these questions is more comprehensive, and many points intentionally condensed by the latter are treated here much more in detail. It is gratifying, however, to find that both scholars are generally in agreement, as, v. g. in admitting the genuineness of all the Epistles, except Hebrews, in considering Ephesians as a circular letter, etc. Prat has paid special attention to the genesis of St. Paul's thought and to the historical circumstances of each Epistle, and rightly so: St. Paul, it is true, must have had a well defined theology when he began his missionary labors, but in his letters, the various ideas are treated only according to circumstances and the needs of the Churches. Each Epistle or group of Epistles emphasizes one particular thought, for the full appreciation of which the historical setting should not be lost sight of. By taking these facts into consideration, Prat has given us a very objective study on St. Paul. He has taken in each Epistle, the main idea or ideas that forms the theme of the letter and analyzed it thoroughly from the viewpoint of St. Paul himself. In Thessalonians, we have a full exposé of the ideas of St. Paul on the Parousia in Galatians, on justification by faith, etc. All this is done with the greatest regard for historical accuracy. We should not attribute to St. Paul himself all the conclusions that may be drawn from his words. These conclusions may or may not be justified, but it does not follow that the Apostle should have foreseen them, much less have taught them. In this respect, Prat is very conscientious, free from speculation and ill-advised zeal. To avoid cumbering the exposition with too many details, Prat has inserted her and there "Notes" in which some special topics are more fully developed. Some of these notes are real scientific dissertations, as important and as fundamental as anything in the exposition itself. In fact, there is hardly a page in which the reader will not find plentiful and accurate information. To say that the work of Fr. Prat is very thorough, rich in references, full of delicate observations, will hardly give an idea of its real merits. He tells us very modestly that, had he had his way, he would have chosen a less pretentious title for his work; he considers his present monograph merely as a tentative sketch which he intends to perfect in the future. As a matter of fact, however, Prat shows a great progress in the field of Biblical theology, and he has given us one of the best analyses of the theology of the Great Apostle of the Gentiles. May these few remarks create in many a desire not only to read this work but to study it! R. BUTIN. Souvenirs et Fragments Pour Servir Aux Mémoires de ma Vie et de Mon Temps Par Marquis de Bouillé (Louis Joseph Amour), 1769-1812, publiés pour la Société d'histoire contemporaine, par P. L. De Kermaingant (A. Picard, Paris, 1906), Vol. I, 511. Anecdotes Historiques Par le Baron Duveyrier (Société d'histoire contemporaine), par Maurice Tourneux (A. Picard, Paris, 1907), 358. Kleber en Vendée (1793-94), Société d'histoire contemporaine, par H. Baguenier Desormeaux (A. Picard, Paris, 1907), 565. Correspondance du Duc d'Enghein, 1818-1804, (Société d'histoire contemporaine) par le Comte Boulay de la Meurthe (Vol. II, Paris, 1908), 469. The meritorious French "Société d'histoire contemporaine. tinues the publication of important documentary works concerning the French Revolution and the periods immediately before and |