A History of Mathematical Notations, Հատոր 1Cosimo, Inc., 01 հնվ, 2007 թ. - 472 էջ Described even today as "unsurpassed," this history of mathematical notation stretching back to the Babylonians and Egyptians is one of the most comprehensive written. In two impressive volumes, first published in 1928-9 and reproduced here under one cover, distinguished mathematician Florian Cajori shows the origin, evolution, and dissemination of each symbol and the competition it faced in its rise to popularity or fall into obscurity. Illustrated with more than a hundred diagrams and figures, this "mirror of past and present conditions in mathematics" will give students and historians a whole new appreciation for "1 + 1 = 2." Swiss-American author, educator, and mathematician FLORIAN CAJORI (1859-1930) was one of the world's most distinguished mathematical historians. Appointed to a specially created chair in the history of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, he also wrote An Introduction to the Theory of Equations, A History of Mathematical Notations, and The Chequered Career of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler. |
Բովանդակություն
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21 | |
29 | |
Peruvian and North American Knot Records | 38 |
Chinese and Japanese | 45 |
The Spanish Calderón | 60 |
SYMBOLS IN ARITHMETIC AND ALGEBRA ELEMENTARY Part | 71 |
Byzantine Maximus Planudes Fourteenth Century 121 | 88 |
FrenchRené Descartes | 205 |
SwissJohann Heinrich Rahn 194 | 211 |
B Topical Survey of the Use of Notations 200356 | 223 |
HinduThe Bakhshāli Manuscript | 250 |
Signs of Proportion 24859 | 278 |
Signs of Equality 26070 | 297 |
Signs of Common Fractions 27175 | 309 |
Signs of Powers 290313 | 335 |
GermanRegiomontanus Fifteenth Century 12527 | 96 |
FrenchEstienne de la Roche 1520 132 | 103 |
ItalianF Ghaligai 1521 1548 1552 139 | 112 |
ItalianH Cardan 1532 1545 1570 140 141 | 119 |
GermanJohann Widman 1489 1526 | 133 |
GermanMichael Stifel 1544 1545 1553 15156 | 139 |
GermanNicolaus Copernicus 1566 | 147 |
BelgiumSimon Stevin 1585 162 | 154 |
GermanSpanishMarco Aurel 1552 | 160 |
EnglishJohn Dee 1570 | 168 |
FrenchJean Buteon 1559 | 176 |
ItalianBonaventura Cavalieri 1647 | 187 |
EnglishThomas Harriot 1631 | 199 |
HinduBhaskara Twelfth Century | 342 |
Notations Applied to Any Quantity the Base Being | 344 |
ArabicalKhowârizmî Ninth Century | 350 |
Spread of Descartes Notation 307 | 351 |
Notation for Principal Values 312 | 357 |
Signs for Unknown Numbers 33941 | 379 |
SYMBOLS IN GEOMETRY Elementary Part 35785 | 401 |
B Past Struggles between Symbolists and Rhetoricians | 425 |
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Common terms and phrases
abbreviations Acta eruditorum adopted aggregation Algebra Algebra London Amsterdam angle année appears Arabic arithmetic Arithmetica Bernoulli Bibliotheca mathematica 3d binomial Cantor censo Chuquet Clavis mathematicae colon comma Coss cube root cubo decimal fractions Descartes designate Diophantus division edition employed Eneström equation Euclid exponents expression Figure Géométrie Geometry New York German Geschichte der Mathematik Hérigone horizontal Ibid indicate Johann Johann Bernoulli John Kersey John Wallis Journal des Sçavans L. C. Karpinski Latin Leibniz Leipzig Leonardo of Pisa letters Leyden libri manuscript mark Math mathematica Mathematical mathématiques minus multiplication notation numbers occurs Oughtred Oughtred's Pacioli parentheses Paris powers printed proportion quad quod racine radical sign radix ratio Recorde's Regiomontanus Rudolff Samuel Jeake Schooten separatrix sign of equality signify square root Stampioen Stevin Stifel subtraction symbols tion translation Trigonometry Tropfke Vieta vinculum writes written wrote
Սիրված հատվածներ
Էջ 12 - BC ;3 it is found mainly on monuments of stone, wood, or metal. Out of the hieroglyphic sprang a more cursive writing known to us as hieratic. In the beginning the hieratic was simply the hieroglyphic in the rounded forms resulting from the rapid manipulation of a reed-pen as contrasted with the angular and precise shapes arising from the use of the chisel.