own spirit, is a greater conqueror than he that taketh a city. Let us then, who have felt something like smiting with the carnal sword, put it into its sheath "Vengeance is mine, I will repay saith the Lord." Yes, the wo is gone forth, there are those who have heard it. Wo to the bloody city whose scum is on the pot, the pile for fire will be great; are not the oppressors heaping up wood to kindle it?"Shall not the judge of all the earth do right?"

Canada, 4th mo. 4th, 1857.

J. W.

FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

PHILADELPHIA, FIFTH MONTH 9, 1857.

Primitive Christianity revived in the faith and practice of the people called Quakers, written in testimony to the present dispensation of God through them to the world; that prejudices may be removed, the simple informed, the well inclined encouraged, and the truth and its innocent friends rightly represented. By William Penn. To which is prefixed a memoir of Penn, by James M. Brown, of Virginia. Price 50 cents.

We have received a copy of this work from the author of the Memoir, who announces himself a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Having met with the treatise of William Penn, he was interested in its contents, and concluded to republish it in its present form. He appears to have formed a correct idea of the character of this distinguished man, both as a christian and legislator, and in the memoir prefixed to the work has introduced him as an example to the rising

generation.

He was a

DIED,-On Third day, the 14th of Fourth month, 1857, at his residence in Auburn, New York, JOSIAH member of Scipio Monthly Meeting, and has resided LETCHWORTH, in the 66th year of his age. in Auburn several years, where by a course of upright conduct he became mnch respected. His funeral was largely attended by those of different denominations. He formerly resided in Philadelphia. -, Near Trenton, on the 17th of Fourth month, 1857, at the residence of her son-in-law George S. POTTS, HANNAH BURDSALL, relict of the late Job Burdsall, of Rahway, whose hospitable roof was extensively known as a welcome resting place to the travel-worn messengers of peace. We feel the sweet assurance that in her removal another is ad led to the

company upon whom the blessing was pronounced, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these ye did it unto me."

The season is now approaching when a residence in the country, free from the infectious air of the city, tageous; an opportunity offers in the family of a would be, for children particularly, very advanFriend, situated at Enterprise, a small village on the miles east of the latter place, where a pleasant, comRailroad from this city to Lancaster, and about six fortable and desirable home for a few weeks, for a limited number, can be obtained.

Nurses, if thought advisable by parents or guardians, may accompany the children at the same price particulars may be learned by application at the office as that charged for them-$2.50 per week. Further of this paper.

BAYARD TAYLOR IN NORTHERN EUROPE.
From under the Aurora Borealis.
Correspondence of the N. Y. Tribune.

HAPARANDA (Swedish Torneaя) Jan. 2, 1857. Here we are at last, at the head of the Bothnian Gulf, within a day's journey of the Artic Circle.

The window of our room looks across a frozen river to the snowy spires of Tornean, now (1 p. m) lighted by the last rays of the setting sun. Dr. Wretholm, whose aid I have been obliged to summon, forbids me leaving the house for two tinuing the story of our adventures. days, and thus secures me ample leisure for con

My jaw was so painful on reaching Piteaa that I tossed about in torment the whole night, utterly unable to sleep. The long northern night seemed as if it never would come to an end, and I arose in the morning much more fatigued and exhausted than when I lay down. It was 6° below zero, and the storm still blowing, but the cold seemed to relieve my face a little, and So we set out. The roads were heavy, but a little broken, and still led over hills and through interminable forests of mingled fir and pine, in the dark imperfect day. I took but little note of the scenery, but was so drowsy and overcome that Braisted at last filled the long baggage-sled with hay and sat at the rear, so that I could lie stretched out, with my head upon his lap. Here, in spite of the cold and wind, I lay in a warm, stupid half-sleep.

It was dark when we reached Ersnas, whence we had twelve miles to Old Luleaa, with tired horses, heavy roads, and a lazy driver. I lay

snow.

We lay silent, with upturned faces, watching this wonderful spectacle. Suddenly the scattered lights run together, as by a common impulse, joined their bright ends, twisted them through each other, and fell in a broad, luminous curtain strait downward through the air until its fringed hem swung apparently but a few yards over our heads. This phenomenon was so unexpected and startling, that for a moment I thought our faces would be touched by the skirts of the glorious auroral drapery. It did not follow the spheric curve of the firmament, but hung plumb from the zenith, falling, apparently, millions of leagues through the air, its folds gathered together among the stars, and its embroidery of flame sweeping the earth and shedding a pale, unearthly radiance over the wastes of snow. A moment afterward it was again drawn up, parted, waved its flambeaux and shot its lances hither and thither, advancing and retreating as before Anything so strange, so capricious, so wonderful, so gloriously beautiful, I scarcely hope to see again.

By this time we came upon the broad Luleaa River, and were half an hour traversing its frozen surface, still watching the show above us, which gradually became fainter and less active. Finally we reached the opposite shore, drove up a long slope, through a large village of stables, and past the imposing church of Old Luleaa to the inn. It was now nearly 8 o'clock, very cold, and I was thoroughly exhausted. But the inn was already full o. travellers and there was no place to lay our heads. The landlord, a sublimely in different Swede, coolly advised us to go on to Perso, ten miles distant. I told him I had not

We took coffee in bed at seven, and started for Raanbyn, on the Raaneaa River. The day was lowering, temperature 81° below zero. The country was low, slightly undul ting, with occasional wide views to the north, over the inlets of the gulf, and vast, wide tracts of forest. The settlements were still as frequent as ever, but there was little apparent cultivation except flax. Raanbyn is a large village, with a stately church. The people were putting up booths for a fair (a fair in the open air, in lat. 65° N. with the mercury freezing!), which explained the increased travel on the road. We kept on to Hvitaa for breakfast, thus getting north of the latitude of Torneaa; thence our road turned eastward at right angles around the head of the gulf. Much snow had fallen, but the road had been plowed, and we had a tolerable track, except when passing sleds, which sometimes gave us an overturn.

We now had uninterrupted forest scenery between the stations-and such scenery! It is almost impossible to paint the glory of these Winter forests. Every tree, laden with the purest snow, resembles a Gothic fountain of bronze, covered with frozen spray, through which only suggestive glimpses of its delicate tracery could be had. From every rise we looked over thousands of such mimic fountains, shooting low or high from their pavements of ivory and alabaster. It was an enchanted wilderness-white, silent, gleaming, and filled with inexhaustible forms of beauty. To what shall I liken those glimpses under the boughs, into the depths of the forest, where the snow destroyed all perspective, and brought the remotest fairy nooks and coverts, too lovely and fragile to seem cold, into the glittering foreground? "Wonderful!" "glorious!" I could only exclaim, in breathless admiration. Once, by the road side, we saw an Arctic ptarmigan, as white as the suow, with ruby eyes that sparkled like jewels as he moved slowly and silently along not frightened in the

least.

The sun set a little after 1 o'clock, and we pushed on to reach the Kalix River the same evening. At the last station we got a boy postillion and two lazy horses, and were three hours and a half on the road, with a temperature of 20° below zero. My feet became like ice, which increased the pain in my face, and I began to

feel faint and sick with so much suffering and loss of rest. After a drive through interminable woods, we came upon the banks of the Kalix, which were steep and fringed with splendid firs. Then came the village of Maansbyn, where we got something to eat, a warm room and a bed.

When we awoke, the temperature had risen to 2 above zero, with a tremendous snow-storm blowing. As we were preparing to set out, a covered sled drove in from the north, with two Swedish naval officers, whose vessel had been frozen in at Cronstadt, and who had been obliged to return home through Finland, up the eastern coast of the Bothnian Gulf. The captain, who spoke excellent English, informed me that they were in about the same latitude as we, on Christmas Day, on the opposite side of the gulf, and had experienced the same degree of cold. Both of them had their noses severely frozen. We were two hours and a half in travelling the first station, seven miles, as the snow was falling in blinding quantities, and the road was not yet plowed out. All the pedestrians we met were on runners, but even with their snow-skates, five feet long, they sank deep enough to make their progress very slow and toilsome.

By the time we reached Nasby my face was very much swollen and inflamed, and as it was impossible to make the next stage by daylight, we wisely determined to stop there. The wind blew a hurricane, the hard snow-crystals lashed the windows and made a gray chaos of all out-of. doors, but we had a warm, cozy, carpeted room within, a capital dinner in the afternoon, and a bottle of genuine London porter with our evening pipe. So we passed the last day of A. D. 1856, grateful to God for all the blessings which the year had brought us, and for the comfort and shelter we enjoyed, in that Polar wilderness of storm and snow.

Yesterday morning it blew less, and the temperature was comparatively mild, so, although the road was very heavy we started again. Nasby is the last Swedish station, on the Finnish frontier, which is an abrupt separation of races and tongues, being at the north-western corner of the Bothnian Gulf. In spite of the constant intercourse which now exists between Norrland and the narrow strip of Finnish soil which remains to Sweden, there has been no perceptible assimilation of the two races. At Nasby, all is pure Swedish; at Sangis, twelve miles. distant, everything is Finnish. The blue eyes and fair hair, the lengthened oval of the face, and slim straight form, disappear. You see, instead, square faces, dark eyes, low foreheads, and something of an Oriental fire and warmth in the movements. The language is totally dissimilar, and even the costume, though of the same general fashion, presents many noticeable points of difference. The women wear handkerchiefs of some bright color bound over the forehead and

under the chin, very similiar to those worn by the Armenian women in Asia Minor. Thus far, the Finns impress; me as a less frank and openhearted, but more original and picturesque race than the Swedes. It is exceedingly curious and interesting to find such a flavor of the Orient on the borders of the Frigid Zoue.

The roads were very bai, and our drivers and horses provokingly slow, but we determined to push on to Haparanda the same night. I needed rest and medical aid, my jaw by this time being so swollen that I had great difficulty in eatinga state of things which threatened to diminish my supply of fuel and render me sensitive to the cold. We reached Nickala, the last station, at 7 o'clock.

Beyond this, the road was frightfully deep in places. We could scarcely make any headway, and were frequently overturned headlong into the drifts. The driver was a Finn, who did not understand a word of Swedish, and all our urging was of no avail. We went on and on, in the moonlight, over arms of the gulf, through forests, and then over ice again—a flat, monotonous country, with the same dull features repeated again and again.

At half-past nine, a large white church announced our approach to Haparanda and soon afterward we drove up to the inn, which was full of New-Year carousers. The landlord gave us quarters in the same room with an old Norrlander, who was very drunk, and annoyed us not a little until we got into bed and pretended to sleep. It was pretence nearly the whole night, on my part, for my torture was still kept up. This morning I called upon the physician of the place

not without some misgivings-but his prescription of a poultice of mallow leaves, a sudorific and an opiate, restored my confidence, and I am now awaiting the issue.

GLIMPSES OF AFFAIRS IN AMERICA. (Continued from page 106.)

B. T.

It is notorious, that with all the prevalent alarm respecting the increasing power of slaveholders, and all the professions in favor of freedom, the North expresses no desire to do more than seclude slavery within a certain geographical limit. That this has generally been the hapless policy of the free portion of the Union, is conspicuous in the history of the Missouri Compromise and subsequent events.

We now approach this tamed compromise. In February 1819, the petition of the inhabitants of Missouri for the admission of their state, which had been some time under consideration, led to a hot debate in congress. In the House of Representatives, Mr Tallmadge of New York moved the following amendment on the proposed constitution: And provided that the introduction of slavery, or involuntary servitude, be probibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party has been duly convicted, and

tie, human and divine. The envious contrast between your happiness and their misery, between your liberty and their slavery, must constantly prompt them to accomplish your destruction. Your enemies will learn the source and the cause of your weakness. As often as external dangers shall threaten, or internal commotions await you, you will then realise that, by your own procurement, you have placed amidst your families, and in the bosom of your country, a population producing at once the greatest cause of individual danger and of national weakness. With this defect, your government must crumble to pieces, and your people become the scoff of the world.'

Referring to menaces of violence, he continued: Has it already come to this: that in the congress of the United States-that in the legislative councils of republican America, the subject of slavery has become a subject of so much feeling -of such delicacy-of such danger, that it cannot be safely discussed! Are we to be told of the dissolution of the Union, of civil war, and of seas of blood? And yet, with such awful threatenings before us, do gentlemen in the same breath insist upon the encouragement of this evil; upon the extension of this monstrous scourge of the human race? An evil so fraught with such dire calamities to us as individuals, and to our nation, and threatening in its progress to overwhelm the civil and religious institutions of the country, with the liberties of the nation, ought at once to be met, and to be controlled. If its power, its influence, and its impending dangers, have already arrived at such a point that it is not safe to discuss it on this floor, and it cannot now pass under consideration as a proper subject for general legislation, what will be the result when it is spread through your widely extended domain? Its present threatening aspect, and the violence of its supporters, so far from inducing me to yield to its progress, prompt me to resist its march. Now is the time. It must now be met, and the extension of the evil must now be prevented, or the occasion is irrecoverably lost, and the evil can never be controlled.' Next, alluding to the extension of empire over the vast territories of the west, he says: People this fair domain with the slaves of your planters; extend slavery, this bane of man, this abomination of Heaven, over your extended empire, and you prepare its dissolution; you turn its accumulated strength into positive weakness 8; you cherish a canker in your breast; you put poison in your bosom ; you place a vulture preying on your heart-nay, you whet the dagger and place it in the hands of a portion of

Finally, the bill embodying the restriction was lost. The men of the north, we have said, strangely content themselves with seeing slavery fortify and extend itself, provided it keep within a certain limit. The required line of division appears to be that which bounds the cottonproducing lands of the south. Having lost Missouri territory, as a whole, the friends of freedom did not prevent the southern portion of it being organised as a territory, without any restriction as to slavery. This was accordingly done. Arkansas was set off as a distinct territory; and the usual means being employed to give it pro-slavery tendencies, it became ultimately (1836) a slave state.

The struggle about Missouri was renewed in December 1819 and January 1820. As there seemed no possibility of reconciling both branches of congress to a plan of restriction within Missouri, the idea of a compromise was suggested. It was proposed by Mr. Thomas of Illinois to admit Missouri as a slave state; but, as a compensation, to exclude it prospectively from all the remainder of the old Louisianian territory, north of a certain latitude. His provision was-And be it further enacted, That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States under the name of Louisiana which lies north of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes, north latitude, excepting only such part thereof as is included within the limits of the state contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby for ever prohibited.' This compromise, after various divisions in both houses, was adopted. Missouri was enabled to enter the Union as a slave state. There was yet, however, another struggle connected with this troublesome matter. When the Missourians, in November, 1820, submitted their state constitution to the approval of congress, it was found to contain some objectionable clauses, preventing the settlement of free men of colour in the state. As several northern states acknowledge free coloured men to be

citizens, though the federal constitution, as usually interpreted, is much more exclusive, the objectionable clauses met with a warm opposition. At this juncture, a new character comes on the stage. Throughout the whole Missouri affair, Henry Clay, a statesman of no mean eminence, had given the aid of his counsels. If every man has his mission, Clay's seems to have been that of inventing compromises. He was an orator, a schemer-one of those mighty geniuses who have always a plan in their pocket to tide over difficulties, and who, in securing present peace, do not mind sowing the seeds of future discord. Clay's plan of engineering a difficulty was sublimely simple. It consisted in compounding for so much evil by so much good. If a certain quantity of slavery was put in one scale, the same quantity of freedom, or what looked like freedom, was put in the other; so the balance was adjusted, and all parties satisfied. He is understood to have been the real concocter of the Missouri compromise; and now, at this fresh and unexpected collision, he interposed with a scheme of settlement. It consisted in exacting a pledge from the Missouri legislature, that no advantage should be taken of its constitution, and it should pass no act to exclude any of the citizens of either of the states' from the enjoy ment of the privileges they enjoy under the constitution of the United States. This qualifying provision was accepted. The only question is-who are 'citizens within the meaning of the constitution?'

So ended the contests about Missouri, which was received into the Union as a full-blown slave state-a circumstance ever to be regretted, for independently of other considerations, the state, as will be seen on looking at a map, projects considerably northwards into free territory, and so stops the way to free migration westwards.-Chambers' Journal.

LINES

Addressed to a gentleman in Philadelphia, who lately
lost an infant son. By a female relative in Liverpool.
Oh! sigh not, weep not over the bier
Where thy babe is laid; not a mother's fond tear
Beams so lovely and bright as the radiant gem

Of innocence shines in his diadem!

Think, bere had he linger'd in darkness and sorrow,
How its beautiful light, which no diamond can borrow,
Had faded, all sullied and dimm'd in the ray,
Which the tears of repentance alone wash away.
But no tears of repentance shall dim his fair cheek
Where the smiles and the roses of heaven now break,
And his beautiful form, like a sunbeam of day,
Is sparkling all bright in eternity's ray;
And that voice which but murmur'd imperfectly here
A few broken notes on affection's fond ear,
May be warbling the strains of a heavenly choir,
While loud anthems peal from each rapt seraph's lyre;
And his love-beaming eyes closed forever below,
With rapturous emotions seraphic may glow.
When the shadows of death from thy spirit have roll'd,
And glories celestial all radiant unfold,
Oh! how sweet to be welcom'd to heaven and bliss,
By a voice and a smile, so beloved as his!

How tenfold the pangs which must rend the fond heart,
When the last awful summons compels us to part
Of affection be lost, we in heaven may regain.
From all dear on earth, if no links in the chain
Disappointments and sorrows, privations and death.
Are gerns of the flowers in eternity's wreath.
Then mourn not the bird which is torn from thy view,
In beauty unfading its bloom shall renew;
And oh think, had it still to thy bosom been given,
Thy heart's fondest wish had but train'd it for Heaven.

E. D.

From the National Anti-Slavery Standard.
TO THE TRAILING ARBUTUS.
The mellow sunshine from each beaker down
Flows wide and golden over these warm swells,
And on their bare and quiet woods of brown;
And over all, and in the distant dells,
The blue haze broods in silence. Wandering here,
In the deep stillness of this April day,
Sweet flower, once more,

I find thee trailing all thy rosy bells
Among the pale-brown leaves of the last year.
Yet once again, now, in this genial time,
I feel the warm air play

Over my brow, as it was wont of yore;-
It lingers for its gift of fragrance near,
Then glides away,-

Seeming a truant from some sunnier clime
That on us wide hath oped its golden door.
Of all thy sisters of the meadows far,

Widening out under the mellow sun,

Or in the woods and fields that dwellers are,
There is not one,-

Not e'en the low and downy wind-flower blue,-
That overjoys the heart with beauty more,
Or sends a sweeter thrill the spirit through

Than thou. Thy name doth even unto me
Bring thoughts of early beauty silently,-
Of the sweet Spring time, when, the Winter past,
The flowers unfold at last.

HOWARD WORCESTER GILBERT.

POLYPIFERA.

From "Life," by P. H. Gosse.

If any of our wonder-loving readers will put a small phial into his pocket, and stroll through some hedge-rowed lane or quiet field at the sweetest season of the year, he may find food for

meditation in the results of his walk. Let him direct his steps to the side of the first ditch or pool in which the water is not fetid, where the surface is already mantled over with the verdant duck-weed, and where many aquatic plants, springing from the bottom, wave their leaves in the limpid element. Stooping down on the brink, let him lift with his fingers a little of the coating of duck-weed, disturbing the water as slightly as possible, and then, peeping through the opening he has made, examine slowly and carefully the bottom thus revealed. On the mud he will probably see a good many round knobs of jelly, from the size of a turnip-seed to that of a pea, of a transparent green hue, and and under surfaces of the leaves of the aquatic others of the same kind adhering to the stalks plants: let him select a few of these, place them, with some clear water and a fragment of some