arrondissements, viz. Chaumont (the capital), Wassy, and Langres. MARNE, a small town of Denmark, in the duchy of Holstein. Population 900.

5 miles N. W. of Brunsbuttel. MARNE, a river of Martinico, which runs south-west into the sea.

MARNES, a town of France, department of the Two Sevres. Population 2200. MARNHULL, a parish of England, in Dorsetshire, 6 miles W. S. W. from Shaftsbury. Population 1070.

MARNOCH, a parish of Scotland, in Banffshire, about 1 miles long by 4 or 5 broad. Population 2018.

MARO, a town of Piedmont, province of Oneglia, on the river Impéro, with a castle. Population 1800. 9 miles N. W. of Oneglia.

MAROLLES LES BREAUX, a town of France, department of the Sarthe. Population 1800. 8 miles S. by W. of Mamers. MARGMMES, a town of France, department of the Lower Seine. Population 1500. 3 miles N. W. of Rouen.

MARONDA, a town of Hindostan, province of Ajmeer. Long. 75. 7. E. Lat. 26. 43. N.

MARONI, or MARAWINA, a small river of South America, in Guiana, which runs into the Atlantic. It is crowded with small islands, rocks, and quicksands; and is so shallow at high water mark, that there is no water for any vessel of considerable burden. On its banks is found a curious stone, or pebble, known by the name of the Marawina diamond; and which being polished, bears a very near resemblance to that precious stone. cordingly frequently set in rings. Long. 55. 14. IV. Lat. 5. 52. N.

It is ac

MAROS, a Dutch settlement in the island of Celebes, the chief of those to the north of Macassar, or Fort Rotterdam. Long. 119. 35. E. Lat. 4. 51. S.

MAROSCH, or Manos, a large river of the Austrian states, which rises among the Carpathian mountains, crosses Transylvania, in a direction nearly south-west and west, enters Hungary proper, and forms the north boundary of the Bannat, all the way to the Danube, into which it falls opposite to Szegedin.

MAROSCH, a district of Transylvania, in the land of the Szeklers, on both sides of the Marosch, to the north-east of the counties of Thorda and Kukullo. Its arca is 550 square miles; its population about 50,000, of whom a third are Wallachians. The chief town is Marcs Vasarhely.

MAROSCH, a small town of Hungary,

on the Danube, 8 miles S. by W. of Neograd. Long. 18. 57. E. Lat. 48. 47. N.

MAROSTICA, a fortified town of Austrian Italy, in the Venetian province of Vicenza, Population 1600. 11 miles N. of Vicenza.

MAROS VASARHELY, or SZERELY VASARHELY, or NEUMARK, a considerable town of Transylvania, and the capital of the district of Marcsch. It is very agreeably situated, and divided into two parts; the one on an eminence, and surrounded with walls; the other in a plain, and open. It has several buildings of great beauty; and among others, the palace of count Teleky, who is distinct from the Hungarian Tekeli, with a library of 60,000 volumes, which is open to the public. In this palace is also a good collection of minerals. The number of inhabitants is about 10,000, of whom the majority are Calvinists. A considerable proportion follow mechanical employments; but there are no large manufactories. This town is now the seat of the college belonging to the Calvinists, founded originally at Weissenburg, and has a Catholic gymnasium and seminary. 52 miles N. E. of Carlsburg.

MAROTH, OF ARANYOS MAROTH, a town of Hungary, on the Zitwa, 16 miles E. by N. of Neutra.

MARPACH, or MARBACH, a town of Germany, in Wirtemberg, at the confluence of the Neckar and the Murr. Population 2100. 11 miles N. by E. of Stutgard. Long. 9. 21. E. Lat. 48. 58. N.

MARPLE, a township of England, in Cheshire, near the river Eltherow, 4 miles E. S. E. from Stockport. Population 2254. MARPLE, a township of the United States, in Delaware county, l'ennsylvania. Population 649.

MARQ EN BAREU, a town of France, departiment of the North. Population 2000. 3 miles N. E. of Lisle.

MARQUAIS, a town of France, department of the Dordogne. Population 1200. 5 miles N. W. of Sarlat.

MARQUESADO, VILLA DEL, a town of Mexico, and capital of a district. Population 108 families of Indians. 49 leagues S. E. of Mexico. Leng. 277. 10. W. Lat. 18. 2. N.

MARQUESAS, MARQUIS OF MENDOZA'S ISLANDS, or MENDOCA ISLANDS, a cluster of islands in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by Mendana, a Spanish navigator, in 1595, who named them Marquesas de Mendeca, in honour of Mendoca, then viceroy of Peru, who had dispatched him on the voyage. Captain Cook touched at these islands in 1774; and they have been since visited by several navigators. They consist of five in number: San Pedro, or O-Nitco, in the language of the country;

Santa Christina, or Wahitaho; and La Dominica, or O-hivahoa, forming a group; La Madalena, at the distance of 8 leagues to the south by east, from the middle of the group; and Hood's island, distant 5} leagues from the most eastern point of La Dominica. This group extends from 1383. to 1401. of W. long. and from 81. to 10. S. lat.

These islands, viewed from the sea, have a bold, and in some parts a rugged aspect. The land is high; and the shores present hollow rocks, the black, spongy, and hard stones of which indicate the effect of volcanic eruptions. Voyagers differ in their accounts of these islands; some representing them as fertile and beautiful in the extreme; the plains displaying a smiling verdure, and the hills rising with a gentle acclivity, and crowned with luxuriant woods; while later visitors describe them as high and mountainous, of a barren aspect, and frequently exhibiting volcanic appearances. In most, if not in all of them, there are bays, or coves, which afford harbour for shipping; but access to them is often difficult, owing to sudden squalls of wind which break over the mountains and precipices. According to captain Cook, the trees, plants, and other productions of these islands are nearly the same as those at the Society isles. The refreshments to be got are hogs, fowls, plantains, yams, and some other roots; likewise bread fruit and cocoa nuts; but of these last, he states, that not many are to be procured; while, on the other hand, the French navigators who visited the islands after captain Cook, mention that they were plentifully supplied. In the island of Santa Christina, which is best known, having been chiefly visited by Europeans, the vallies are covered with trees, mostly of a handsome growth: among these may be enumerated the cocoa, palm, bread fruit tree, the plantain tree, the casuarina, of which the natives fabricate their weapons; a species of dwarf fir, a tree which out-tops all the rest by its height, and seems to resemble the wild fig tree of the West India islands. To this must be added the paper mulberry tree, the bark of which the natives employ in fabricating their cloths.

The Marquesas islands are inhabited by a race of people which, according to the concurring accounts of all the navigators by whom they have been visited, are remarkable alike for the beautiful proportions of their body and the regularity of their features. They are all strong, tall, and extremely active. Their stature is seldom below five feet four inches French; and that of five feet eight inches is common. Their thest and shoulders are broad, their thighs

full and muscular, their legs well made, their feet uncompressed by the custom of wearing shoes; and, without being too much inclined to corpulency, not a thin man is to be seen; they are noisy, and their voice is strong and sonorous. Their colour is a bright brown, more or less deep; some approach that of the Malabar Indians; but several scarcely differ from Europeans of the labouring class; and their skin is only a little tanned. Their hair presents the same varieties as that of our climates; some is flaxen, some auburn, black, long, or curling; some is very smooth, some very rough; but no red or woolly hair is to be met with. They have regular features, fine large black eyes, and handsome teeth. The greater part have a flat nose; aquiline noses, however, are not uncommon among them; some have their lips a little promineut; their countenance is frank and open. They generally wear nothing more over their body than a piece of cloth made of the bark of a tree, which, after having, like a girdle, once passed round the loins, falls down before the thighs. The women, although in appearance they wear more garments than the men, are scarcely more clothed; and what clothing they wear is so loosely put on, that it scarcely serves them for a covering. Their head is not loaded with vain ornaments; they suffer their fine hair to float at the will of the zephyrs; only, when they are exposed to the air, a large palm leaf supplies the place of a parasol, and protects their complexion from the too intense heat of the sun; sometimes, and especially when they come out of the water, they wrap up their head in a corner of the cloth that is supposed to cover them. On the arrival of the French, they wore necklaces composed of black seeds, intermingled with small shells; but to these they soon substituted the glass beads which they purchased from their visitors, of which they are passionately fond. Although their ears are pierced like those of the men, very few are seen with pendants; but they suspend in them all the European trifles that are capable of being adapted to that purpose. The men adorn their body by the operation of tattooing, common among all the South sea islanders; and they perform the operation very dexterously, making use of a small piece of tortoise-shell, similar in shape to a portion of the blade of a saw, presenting five or six straight and sharp teeth, which is let into a piece of wood seven or eight inches long. The tattooer, after having done over the teeth of the instrument with a black paint, which appears to be nothing more than charcoal-dust diluted with water, holds the handle in one hand, applies the instrument to the skin, and strikes it

Hght wood, which forms the great side of the frame. These canoes carry from three to seven men, and from 10 to 15, when two are lashed together, so as to make a double cance; both are navigated by means of paddles tolerably well wrought. If a canoe oversets, an accident not uncommon, the men who are in her jump overboard, right her, bale her out, and get into her again very quietly. The fabrication of their weapons evinces a greater degree of care and taste. These consist of lances from 9 to 11 feet long, a sort of sabre, the shape of which approaches that of the blade of an oar, pikes or javelins, and clubs, one of the extremities of which commonly consists of a large not; and most of these weapons, which are made of casuarina wood, are ornament ed with various carving. The Mendoçans also make use of the sling; they do not shew themselves very dexterous in hitting a mark; but they throw stones to a very great distance: this weapon would be extremely dangerous in their hands, if strength made amends for skill. Neither bow nor arrows were seen among them; nor does it appear that they are acquainted with their use. Their dwellings are in the vallies, and on the sides of the hills, near their plantations. They are built after the same manner as at Otaheite; but much neater, and only covered with the leaves of the bread tree. Their household utensils consist of calabashes of different capacities, which they contrive to stop so hermetically, that they may be employed in the conveyance of liquids, and of various wooden vessels which they make use of for their food, and on which they amuse themselves in carving or engraving figures of men, fishes, and birds, drawn as they usually are in the infancy of the arts, or rather when these are yet unborn. There is no regular government, established law, or punishment; but custom is the general rule. Their religious ceremonies, like those of all savages, are grossly superstitious. They have a multitude of deities; but some who seem to be superior to the rest. They only offer hogs in sacrifices, and not men. Several missionaries were established in this island; but, as might be supposed from the manDers of the inhabitants, their labours had produced little fruit.

Of the population of those islands, no accurate estimate can be formed; and considering how little they have been visited by Europeans, this is not to be wondered at. According to the best information that has been collected, the population of the whole group is reckoned to amount to 50,000. MARQUIS, CAPE, a cape on the north coast of the island of St Lucia. Long 60. 42, W. Lat. 13. 50. N.

MARQUIS, GRAND, a town of the island of Grenada, on the east side. Long. 61. 1. W. Lat. 12. 9. N.

MARQUIS ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands in the Florida stream. Long. 82. 30. W. Lat. 24. 35. N.

MARQUISE, a town of France, department of the Pas de Calais. Population 1400. 6 miles N. E. of Boulogne.

MARR, a district of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, comprehending that part of it which lies between the rivers Dee and Don, and a large track on the south side of the former, containing 900 square miles, 39 parishes, and 53,000 inhabitants.

MARRABOO, a considerable town of Bambarra, in Central Africa, on the upper part of the Niger, where the Moors carry on a great trade in salt. 150 miles S. W. of Sego.

MARRAH, a poor town of Syria, anciently called Arra Maronias, situated in a mountainous district, and governed by an independent aga. 40 miles S. W. of Aleppo.

MARRAT, a town of France, department of the Puy de Dome, on the Dore. Population 2400. 11 miles S. of Thiers.

MARRATTICK, a township of the United States, in Halifax county, North Carolina. MARRAY, a town of France, department of the Indre and Loire. Population 1000. 11 miles N. of Tours.

MARRIONA, a bay of the island of Antigua, 2 miles S. of Willoughby bay.

MARRO, a town of the Genoese territory, near Oneglia, with 2000 inhabitants.

MARSAC, a town of France, department of the Puy de Dome. Population 3000. It has thriving manufactures of linen, lace, and ribbons; and some of leather. 6 miles S. E. of Ambert.

MARSAGLIA, a small town of Piedmont, between Pignerol and Turin. Here the duke of Savoy was defeated and made prisoner by the French general Catinat, in 1693. 6 miles N. E. of Mondovi.

MARSAL, a fortified town of France, department of the Meurthe, on the Seille. Population 1400. 17 miles N. E. of Nancy.

MARSALA, a town of Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, situated at the western extremity of the island, on the promontory of Lilubæum, and supposed to occupy the site of the ancient town of that name, though no traces of it exist. It is tolerably well built, and is divided into two parts by a spacious street, called the Cassaro. It is surrounded with a wall and dry ditch, flanked by six bastions. There was formerly a good harbour here, which was destroyed in 1562, to prevent its affording shelter to the Turkish galleys. It exports

wine, oil, wheat, and barilla. Population 10,000. 45 miles S. W. of Palermo. Long. 12. 27. E. Lat. 37. 52. N.

MARSALQUIVER, a small seaport of Algiers, attached to Oran, whence it is three miles distant, and, like it, subject to the Spaniards.

MARSDEN, a populous village of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, situated near the source of the river Colne. The inhabitants are mostly employed in the cotton manufactures, which are here very extensive, and to which numerous children are annually sent from the metropolis. Population 1800. 18 miles from Manchester.

MARSDEN, POINT, a cape on the west coast of Admiralty island, in Chatham's strait. Long. 225. 16. E. Lat. 58. 7. N.

MARS DIEP, a passage from the German ocean into the Zuyder-Zee, between the extremity of North Holland and the Texel. It is the principal passage both for merchantmen and ships of war.

MARSEILLAN, a town of France, departanent of the Herault, situated on the lake of Thau, on which it has a small harbour. It contains 3200 inhabitants, employed chiefly in fishing. 4 miles N. E. of Agde.

MARSEILLES, a large and commercial city in the south of France, the capital of the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, situated on the Mediterranean. The city, with its environs, is inclosed by a succession of rocky hills, extending in the form of a half-moon, until each extremity reaches the sea. The form of Marseilles is nearly square; and the port, entered by a narrow passage from the sea, is almost in the centre of the town. The city is surrounded by walls, has a circumference of four miles, and is divided into the Old and New Town. The former, which rises to the north like an amphitheatre, is composed of narrow and dirty streets, bordered with crowded and ill built houses. The latter, which forms the south and east quarters, and may be reckoned at nearly two-thirds of the whole, is equal in beauty to any town of France. Its streets are broad and straight; its squares spacious and handsome; its buildings remarkable for their elegance. It is separated from the Old Town by one of the finest strects in Europe, accounted by some travellers superior in beauty to the famous Toledo at Naples. It extends across the city in a straight line, and is terminated by the two principal gates; on the north by that called the Porte d'Aix, and on the south by the Porte de Rome. Its length is a mile; and towards the centre of the town, this street expands into a beautiful promenade, planted with trees, and adorned with fountains. It here takes the name of

Cours, and on Sundays and holidays is the resort of all the beau monde of Marseilles. From this, another street, not long, but wide, and planted with trees, leads to the harbour, where the traveller is struck with the immense multitude of persons of various languages and dresses, which continually crowd the quays. Marseilles has several public squares, planted with trees, and ornamented with fountains. The principal are the Place de St Victor, the Place du Champ Major, the Place Neuve, and the Place du Marche.

The public edifices of Marscilles are in correspondence with the elegance of its private buildings. The hotel de ville, situated on the quay, to the north side of the harbour, is not large, but is a finished model of architecture. Its façade is decorated with several columns of jasper, and reliefs in white marble. The ground floor of the building is occupied by the exchange. The arsenal, constructed in 1690, is remarkable for nothing but its extent. At the extremity of the Old Town, near the sea, is situated the ancient cathedral, a Gothic edifice, said to have been built on the ruins of a temple of Diana. The other churches of the city offer nothing to the curiosity of the traveller, particularly since they have been stripped by the revolution. Of the three theatres, the finest is a late structure, built on the model of the Odeon at Paris. Of the many religious houses which the city contains, the most noted is the royal abbey of St Victor. The other buildings of interest are the numerous hospitals, the governor's palace, the concert hall, &c. One of the finest public institutions is the Lazaretto. It is situated outside of the town, about 200 paces to the north; and the arrangements are so complete, that vessels, though known to be infected with the plague, are admitted without the slightest fear. The literary institutions of Marseilles, are an academy of sciences, a medical society, a college royal, and a navigation school. The public library contains about 90,000 volumes. The cabinet of natural history, and the botanical garden, are both worth visiting; and the observatory, newly built upon the site of the ancient arsenal, affords a most picturesque view of the town, the port, and the surrounding country.

The port of Marseilles may be called a small salt water lake, half a mile in length, and nearly a quarter in breadth. It extends into the heart of the town, is completely sheltered from all winds, and reinains perfectly tranquil in the most violent storms. It owes this security chiefly to the narrowness of the entrance, which does not exceed 100 yards, being confined by two projecting rocks, one on each side.