sistance to the arms of their invaders. It was included by the Romans in the district of Britannia Secunda; and numerous fortified posts were erected to maintain their conquest. Five of these principal stations were included in Monmouthshire; various roads were formed to connect them; and numerous remains of these antiquities are still to be seen, together with those of aqueducts, baths, tesselated pavements, columns, statues, &c. In the reign of Henry VIII. Monmouthshire was included by that monarch among the counties of England; but it was not until the time of Charles II. when the judges sat here in the Oxford circuit, that it was reckoned an English county. Population 62,000. Families employed in agriculture, 5815 4812 1916 MONMOUTH, a borough and market town of England, in the county of Monmouth, of which it is the county town. It stands at the confluence of the rivers Monnow and Wye, in a very delightful situation, at the termination of a fine valley, which is surrounded by lofty hills covered with wood. The town is but of moderate extent. It consists of one principal street, and several smaller ones. There are in it many good houses. In some parts of the town they resemble small villas, being detached from each other by intervening gardens and orchards; and the whole being white-washed, the town presents a singular appearance to a stranger from the east of the Severn. The rivers Wye and Monnow are crossed by three bridges, the Wye bridge, the Monnow, and Tibb's bridge; and there is another bridge over the Trothy, a stream which also descends here into the Wye. On an eminence on the banks of the Monnow, to the north of the town, are still some considerable remains of its ancient castle, once a strong and important fortress, which existed prior to the Norman conquest, and was afterwards distinguished for being the birthplace of king Henry V., who was hence called Henry of Monmouth. Here are also some remains of a Benedictine priory, consisting of the tower and lower part of the spire, now turned to the use of the parish church, which is built on the site of the priory. The body of the church is light, and well proportioned; but the architecture is in many respects incongruous. St Thomas's church is a small but very ancient building, near the foot of Monnow bridge; and there are here, besides, a free school, a lectureship, and alms-houses for poor widows. The new town-hall stands in the market-place. It is built on columns which form in front a double colonade. It is ornamented by a statue of Henry V., which, however, from its wretched execution, rather disfigures the building. The county jail is a new building, constructed and managed on the most approved plan. The principal business of Monmouth arises from the navigation of the Wye, which occasions somme trade, in supplying the surrounding country with necessaries, and gives it also a share in the trade from Bristol to Hereford. Some iron and tin-works in the vicinity employ a few hands. A number of people are occupied during the season in preparing bark, which is brought down in considerable quantities from the woods in the upper districts on the Wye; and being here picked and cleaned, is exported to Chepstow, for the south of England, and different parts of Ireland. This being also the seat of county business, the situation of the town agreeable, and the surrounding county abounding with delightful walks and rides, a number of respectable families are hence constantly or occasionally residing here. In the neighbourhood is a conical hill, named the Kymin, on the top of which is a pavilion, intended as a naval monument, and affording a very extensive and varied prospect. Monmouth is an an◄ cient town, and is thought to have been a Roman station. In conjunction with Usk and Newport, it sends one member to par liament. The number of voters is about 800. Population 3503. Market on Saturday, well supplied with corn and provisions. 21 miles W. by S. of Gloucester, 15 N. of Chepstow, and 130 W. by N. of London. Long. 2. 43. W. Lat. 51. 48. N. MONMOUTH COUNTY, a large maritime county of the United States, in New Jersey, of a triangular shape, 80 miles in length, and from 25 to 40 in breadth; bounded north by part of Rariton bay, north-west by Middlesex county, southwest by Burlington, and east by the ocean. The face of the country is generally level; a great part of the soil is sandy, while other parts are fertile. Population 22,150. Freehold is the chief town. MONMOUTH, the capital of the above county, 63 miles E. N. E. of Philadelphia. The British troops under general Clinton were defeated here on the 17th June 1777, by the Americans under general Washington. MONMOUTH, a post town of the United States, in Lincoln county, district of Maine, situated to the east of Androscoggin river. 125 miles N. by E. of Boston. MONMOUTH, a township of the United States, in Kennebeck county, Maine, 17 milcs W. S. W. of Augusta. Population 1262. MONMOUTH, CAPE, a cape on the coast MON of Patagonia, in the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of St Sebastian's sound. MONMOUTH ISLAND, a small island in the straits of Magellan, 2 miles W. of James island. MONMOUTH ISLAND, one of the Bashee islands in the Eastern seas, about 3 leagues long, and a league broad. It is hilly, with many steep precipices. MONNOYE, a town of France, department of the Indre and Loire. Population 1500. 14 miles N. of Tours. MONOCASY, a river of the United States, in Maryland, which runs south into the Potomac, 50 miles above Georgetown. States, in the north-west part of Virginia, MONOPOLI, a town of Naples, in the Terra di Bari, situated on the Adriatic. It is well built, contains a cathedral, a number of churches, and has 15,600 inhabitants. Its principal manufactures consist of hempen and cotton stuffs; its export trade, in MONOBLET, a village of France, depart- these articles, and in wine and olives. The 4 town suffers considerable inconvenience ment of the Gard. Population 1100. from a want of fresh water. At a small miles N. E. of St Hippolyte. distance are several subterraneous villages, or series of habitations, hollowed out of a bed of calcareous spar. They are very numerous, and have excited much inquiry as to their formation and original inhabitants. They are doubtless of great antiquity; and, like the excavation near Modica in the south-east of Sicily, (see Modica), seem to have been the pri mitive dwellings of shepherds. About six miles from Monopoli are to be seen the vestiges of the ancient town of Egnatia, and a number of interesting antiquities. 26 miles E. S. E. of Bari. Long. 17. 19. E. Lat. 41. 8. N. MONODY CREEK, a river of the United States, in Pennsylvania, which joins the Swatara, 12 miles W. of Lebanon. MONOKA, a river of the United States, in Maryland, which runs into the Chesapeake, Long. 76. 53. W. Lat. 38. 10. N. MONOMIES CASTLE, a fort of the United States, in the north-west territory, on the Winebago River. Long. 87. 34. W. Lat. 44. 18. N. MONOMIES RIVER, a river of the United States, in the north-west territory, which gives name to a tribe of Indians, and which runs into that part of Lake Michigan called Green bay, Long. 87. 21. W. Lat. 44. 46. N. MONOMONIL, a town of the United States, in the north-west territory, on the west side of Green bay. Long. 87. 28. W. Lat. 44. 32. N. MONOMUJI, OF NIMEAMAY, a territory which, under the appellation of an empire, has been made to occupy an immense space in our modern maps, and to fill all the interval between Monomotapa and Congo. No such empire, however, properly speaking, appears to be in existence; and the name has been arbitrarily extended from the Monjous, a barbarous people, who occupy the country in the interior from Mosambique. Under the article Monjous, therefore, will be comprised all the authentic in formation we possess relative to this part of the interior of Africa. MONON, a country of Western Africa, situated in the interior, from the Grain coast and Sierra Leone. It is very little known. MONONGAHELA, a river of the United States, which has its rise in the Laurel mountains in Virginia, in Lat. 38. N. runs north into Pennsylvania, and unites with the Allegany at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable for batteaux and barges to Brownsville, and still farther for lighter craft. Its length is 300 miles. It is deep, and in general of a gentle current. MONONGALIA, a county of the United MONOS, a river of Guinea, which falls into the Atlantic, 15 miles S. of Tombi. MONPARA, a river on the west coast of the island of Borneo, which runs into the sea, Long. 109. 33. E. Lat. 0. 36. N. MONPAZIER, a town of France, department of the Dordogne, on the Drot. Population 1000. 25 miles S. E. of Bergerac. MONREAL, a small town in the north of Spain, in Navarre, 10 miles S. E. of Pamplona. MONREALE, a neatly built town of Sicily, situated on a hill about 2 miles W.S.W. of Palermo, of which city it is sometimes considered a suburb. The approach to it is highly romantic, and the view enjoyed from the town is one of the most interesting in Sicily. The cathedral is said to be one of the finest specimens extant of the Gothic style of architecture. It was founded in the 12th century. Its roof is supported by high pillars, and the walls covered with mosaics and other ornaments, producing a very fine effect. In the neighbourhood is a richly endowed convent. Population 8000. MONROE, a county of the United States, in the state of Ohio. Population, in 1815, Woodsfield is the chief town. 1200. MONROE COUNTY, a county of the United States, in Virginia, bounded north by Greenbriar county, east by Bath and Botetourt counties, south-south-east by Botetourt and Montgomery counties, and west by Giles county. Population 5444. Slaves, 376. Chief town, Union-town.-Monroe is also the name of a county in Indiana, of one in Illinois, and of one in the territory of Alabama. MONROE. See Fincastle. MONROYO, a small town of Spain, in Arragon, on the frontiers of Catalonia and Valencia. 30 miles W. of Tortosa. MONS, a large town of the Netherlands, the capital of the province of Hainault, situated partly on a hill, partly in a plain, on the small river Trouille, by which it is divided into two parts. It is surrounded by an earthen mound and ditch, and has, since 1818, received additional fortifications, which render it one of the principal barrier towns against France. It is the only strong place between Brussels and the French frontier. It is a well built town, with several squares and tolerably regular streets. The market place is spacious, and contains the government-house; also the house of the provincial council. The hotel de ville is a large old building, with a fine steeple erected in 1716; it likewise is situated in a square where the principal streets meet. The churches of the town are in general well built; that of St Elizabeth is remarkable as occupying the site of an ancient castle, demolished in 1618, and said, in tradition, to have owed its origin to Julius Cæsar. The charitable institutions of Mons are, a large hospital, originally constructed by Vauban, a commodious foundling hos pital, and a work-house. The library of the gymnasium is extensive. Mons has a great variety of manufactures; woollens, cotton, linen, and lace; aud its command of coal has led also to the establishment of iron foundries, along with works for salt, earthenware, oil, and soap. In these articles, and in coals, its trade is very considerable; it communicates with Paris by the canal of St Quentin. The population of this town, at present 20,000, is said to have been formerly greater, for it has frequently experienced the calamities of war. In 1691 it was besieged by Louis XIV.; and to prevent its being destroyed by bombardment, the citizens compelled the governor to capitulate. In 1709 it was taken by the allies, under Marlborough and Eugene, after the sanguinary battle of Malplaquet. In 1746 it was again taken by marshal Saxe; and in the war of the French revolution (1792, 1793, 1794), it was successively taken and retaken by the opposing parties. 23 miles E. N. E. of Valenciennes, and 36 S. S. W. of Brussels. Long. 3. 57. 15. E. Lat. 50. 27. 2. N. MoNs, a village of France, department of the Indre and Loire, near the river Indre, with 1500 inhabitants. MONS EN PEVELLE, a town of France, department of the North, with 1200 inhsbitants. 6 miles N. N. E. of Douay. MONSANTO, a fortified town of Portugal, in the province of Beira. Population 1000. 26 miles E. N. E. of Castel Branco. MONSDORF, a town of the Prussian province of Cleves and Berg. Population 1700. MONSEFU, a small but pleasant village of South America, in the province of Sana, in Peru, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. MONSEGUR, a town of France, department of the Gironde, on the river Drot. Population 1500. 32 miles S. E. of Bourdeaux. MONSELICE, a town of Austrian Italy, in the Venetian province of Padua, situated on a navigable canal. It stands in a track of country to the north of the Adige and Po, being 10 miles from the former, and 20 from the latter river. It has considerable manufactures of woollen and linen. Though at a distance from the sea, it has a brisk trade by its canal, which extends to Padua. Population 9000. 10 miles S. S. W. of Padua. MONSERRAT. See Montserrat. MONSOL, a town of Africa, said to be the capital of Anziko, a barbarous country, situated in the interior from Congo. MONSON, a township of the United States, in Hampden county, Massachusetts. 75 miles W. S. W. of Boston. Population 1674. MONSORIA, a large square edifice on the western coast of Morocco, erected by El Monsor, as a refuge for travellers. 25 miles S. of Rabat. MONT PELEE, a lofty promontory on the northern shore of the river St Lawrence. The river is here little more than 25 miles wide; but the coast suddenly stretches so much to the north, that at the Seven islands the river is increased to the breadth of 73 miles. MONTA, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, province of Asti, with 2500 inhabitants. MONTABAUR, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Nassau, 14 miles E. of Coblentz. Population 1700. MONTACUTE, a parish of England, in Somerset, 4 miles W. by N. from Yeovil. Population 857. MONTAGNAC, a town of France, department of the Herault, with 2700 inhabitants. It has a considerable trade in wool; also some woollen manufactures. 21 miles W. S. W. of Montpelier. MONTAGNANA, a town of Austrian Italy, in the Venetian province of Padua, on the Fiume Novo. It has considerable manufactures of silk thread; also some traffic in silk, wool, hemp, and corn. Population 6200. 20 miles S. W. of Padua. MONTAGNANO, a town of Naples, province of Molise. Population 2700. MONTAGUE, a township of the United States, in Franklin county, Massachusetts, on the east side of the Connecticut. Population 934. 87 miles W. of Boston. MONTAGUE, a township of the United States, in Sussex county, New Jersey, on the Delaware. Population 661.-2d, A township of Essex county, Virginia. MONTAGUE, CAPE, a cape on the north part of Hudson's bay. Long. 88. W. Lat. 66. N. MONTAGUE HILLS, hills of North Carolina. Long. 81. 30. W. Lat. 35. 40. N. MONTAGUE ISLAND, one of the New Hebrides islands, in the South Pacific ocean. Long. 168. 31. E. Lat. 17. 26. S. MONTAGUE ISLAND, an island on the coast of New Holland, about 1 mile long. Lat. 36. 17. S. MONTAGUE ISLAND, an island in the North Pacific ocean, about fifty miles long, and ten broad, near the west coast of North America, situated at the west side of the entrance into Prince William's sound. Long. 147. to 148. W. Lat. 59. 50. to 60. 30. N. MONTAGUE'S ISLAND, a small island in the Florida stream. Long. 81. 45. W. Lat. 21. 42. N. MONTAGUT, a town of France, department of the Upper Garonne. Population 1200. 22 miles S. E. of Toulouse. MONTAGUT, a village of France, department of the Landes. Population 1000. MONTAIGU, a town of France, department of La Vendee. It was burned during the civil wars of the 16th and 17th centuries; and its population is now reduced to 1100. 16 miles S. S. E. of Nantes. MONTAIGUT, an inland town of France, department of the Lot and Garonne, on the river Senne. It has some manufactures of woollen stuffs and leather. Population 4100. 28 miles N. W. of Montauban. MONTAIGUT, a town of France, depart ment of the Puy de Dome. Population 1500. 27 miles IV. N. W. of Clermont. MONTALCINO, a town of Italy, in Tuscany, province of Sienna. It has a castle on a hill; and is the see of a bishop. Population 2700. 45 miles S.S.E. of Florence. MONTALTO, a small town and castle of Italy, in the Ecclesiastical State. It is near the mouth of the Fiora. 55 miles N.W. of Rome. It is the name of another town in the Ecclesiastical State, marquisate of Ancona, 40 miles S. of Ancona; and of a third in Naples, in Calabria Citra. Population 4600. 10 miles N. N. W. of Co senza. MONTALVAN, a town of Spain, in the province of Arragon, 40 miles S. E. of Daroca.-There is another small town of the same name in the province of Cordova. MONTALVAO, a fortified town of PortuVOL. IV. PART I. gal, in the province of Alenteja, near the Tagus. 108 miles N.E. of Lisbon. Long. 7. 12. W. Lat. 39. 30. N. MONTANARO, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, province of Turin. Population 3500. MONTANAS, SANTIAGO DE LAS, a city of Quito, in the province and government of Jaen de Bracamoros, situated on the north bank of the river Santiago. MONTANCHES, a town of Spain, in the province of Estremadura, 17 miles N. of Merida. MONTANVERT, a mountain of Savoy, 4 miles to the north of Mont Blanc. Height 6100 feet. MONTARAN ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands in the Eastern seas. Long. 108. 30. E. Lat. 2. 27. S. MONTARGIS, a town of France, department of the Loiret, situated near the large forest of Montargis, adjacent to the small river Loing, and the canal of Briare. The streets are tolerably regular, but the houses ill built. The public buildings are the churches, a small theatre, and an old castle. The town is surrounded with walls, and has five petty suburbs. It has considerable manufactures of woollens and paper; also a traffic in corn and wood, and, in a smaller degree, in saffron, mustard, and other productions of the vicinity. Population 6400. 40 miles E. by N. of Orleans. Long. 2. 48. 0. E. Lat. 47. 59. 58. N. MONTARIN, a village of France, department of the Gard. Population 1500. miles N. of Nismes. 12 MONTASTRUC, a town of France, depart ment of the Upper Garonne, with 1200 inhabitants. 12 miles N. E. of Toulouse. MONTAUBAN, a town of France, the capital of the department of the Tarn and Garonne, situated on the Tarn. It is a regular and well built town; its position is elevated, the river winding beneath it through meadows and woods. The scenery is rich and extensive; and the town, though not so large as Toulouse, is superior in its houses and streets. It consists of three parts, of which two, called the Old and New town, are situated on the right bank of the Tarn, and communicate with the third part, called the Ville-Bourbon, by a bridge built of brick, remarkable for the boldness of its construction. Most of the gates retain their architectural ornaments. In the centre of the town is a square, surrounded with good buildings, constructed of painted brick, and presenting a double range of arcades, adorned with pilasters of the Doric order. The interior of the square forms an agreeable public garden; and in one of its corners is a curious building called the Fontaine Griffon. This square forms likewise the point of junction of eight streets. X The most remarkable object at Montauban is the elevated public walk called the Falaise, the view from which extends, in this clear atmosphere, to the surprising distance of 30 leagues; being terminated on the one side by the sea, on the other by the Pyrenees. The principal buildings of the town are the cathedral, the bishop's palace, and the college, formerly belonging to the Jesuits. Here are also an astronomical observatory, a society of arts and sciences, and a public library. Its celebrated Protestant university, suppressed in 1629, was re-established by Bonaparte in 1810, and has four professors of theology. It is here, at Strasburg, and at Geneva, that the young clergy of the French Protestant church are educated. The manufactures of Montauban consist of silk stuffs and stockings, linen, serge, and other woollen stuffs. Its trade consists in these and other articles of manufacture, as well as in the corn, wine, and brandy of the neighbouring country. The origin of this place dates from the 12th century. In 1572, the inhabitants embraced the reformation, and fortified the town, which became one of the principal strongholds of the Hugonots in the civil wars. In 1621, it was besieged by Louis XIII. in person, but did not surrender till 1629, when the fortifications were demolished. Under Louis XIV. it was deprived of many valuable citizens, who quitted France during the persecution of the Protestants. It is the see of a bishop, restored in 1817. Population 24,600, of whom, however, the half only live within the walls. 30 miles N. of Toulouse. Long. 1. 20. 45. E. Lat. 44. 0. 55. N. MONTAUBAN, a town of France, department of the Ille and Villaine. Population 2800. 5 miles N. W. of Montfort. MONTAUD, a town of France, department of the Arriege, situated on the river of that name. Population 1300. 12 miles N. W. of Mirepoix. Another town in the department of the Loire. Population 2600. 9 miles S. of St Etienne. MONTAUDAIN, a town of France, department of Mayenne, on the Futaie. Population 1500. 18 miles W. N. W. of Mayenne. MONTAUK POINT, the eastern extremity of Long island, New York, in Easthampton. A light-house was erected here by the national government, in 1796, at the expence of 25,000 dollars. Long. 72. 0. W. Lat. 41. 4. N. MONTAULT, a town of France, department of the Landes, on the river Adour. Population 1500. 6 miles W. S. W. of St Sever. MONTAY, a small town of Switzerland, in the canton of the Valais. 4 miles N. N. E. of St Maurice. MONTBART, a town of France, in Burgundy. It has manufactures of gloves and woollen stuffs; also some paper-mills and iron works. It was the birthplace of Buf fon. Population 2200. 34 miles N. W. of Dijon.' MONTBELLET, a village of France, de partment of the Saone and Loire, with 1700 inhabitants. 11 miles N. of Macon. MONTBELLIARD, a small district in the east of France, lying between Franche Comte, Lorraine, the Sundgaw, and Alsace, and now included in the department of the Upper Rhine. It had formerly the title of a county, and belonged to the duke of Wirtemberg till 1796, when it was ceded to France, and the duke indemnified in Germany. The inhabitants, in number about 15,000, are chiefly Lutherans. MONTBELLIARD, a town of France, department of the Doubs, near the river Aleine. It has manufactures of cotton stuffs and caps; also of watches, of which no less than 10,000 are said to be made annually. Population 3700. 10 miles S. S. W. of Befort. MONT-BLANC, the loftiest mountain of Europe, situated in Savoy, between the val lies of Chamouni and Entreves, in Long. 6. 44. 37. E. Lat. 45. 41. 52. N. Its elevation is between 15,000 and 16,000 feet. The following measurements, partly trigo nometrical, partly barometrical, are reckoned the most accurate:-By M. Deluc, 15,300 feet above the level of the sea; sir George Schuckburgh, 15,400; M. Pictet, 15,520; M. Saussure, 15,670; M. Tralles, 15,780. Mont-Blanc may be divided into three regions; the lower consisting of the central mass, and the adjacent mountains, to the height of 6000 or 7000 feet; the middle dome, or highest point but one of the mountain, rising to the height of 12,000 feet; and the Bosse du Dromedaire, or most elevated summit of all. Various attempts had been made to ascend the summit, but all without success, until the 7th August 1786, when two men, one of them a guide, attained this point. It was immediately after that M. de Saussure made his celebrated expedition, and remained on the top of the mountain between four and five hours. Since then this task, though repeatedly at tempted, has been accomplished only by three parties, composed partly of English, partly of Swiss. The view from the top of Mont-Blanc is immense, extending to a distance of more than 150 miles around; but it is not so beautiful as that enjoyed from mountains of smaller elevation, because the scenery around is bleak and rugged, and every cheerful object or fertile track of country is at a distance. Mont-Blanc, when viewed |