three leagues of its coast, it was surrounded by an innumerable quantity of canoes, laden with bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, bannanas, sugar-canes, pigeons, &c.; but very few hogs. The island seemed also very populous; for Perouse had a view of a village the most extensive perhaps of any among the South sea islands. The whole plain from the summit of the mountains to the sea side, seemed covered with houses. The mountains are nearly in the middle of the island, whence the land slopes with a gentle declivity, presenting to the view an amphitheatre covered with trees, huts, and verdure. Long. 171. 25. W. Lat. 14. S.

OYONAZ, a town in the east of France, department of the Ain, with 1200 inhabitants. 7 miles N. of Nantua.

OYSKAVELEN, a mountain on the west coast of Norway, situated about Lat. 64. 15. N. It is the highest mountain in those latitudes in the immediate vicinity of the sea. OYSTER BAY, a harbour for small vessels on the coast of Massachusetts, south-west of Barnstaple, celebrated for its oysters.

OYSTER BAY, a township of the United States, in Queen's county, New_York, on Long Island sound, 28 miles E. of New York. Population 4725.

OYSTER CREEK, a river of North Carolina, which runs into the Atlantic, Long. 76. 45. W. Lat. 34. 50. N.

OYSTER CREEK, a river of New Jersey, which runs into the Atlantic, Long. 74. 20. W. Lat. 39. 44. N.

OYSTER HARBOUR, a bay on the southwest coast of New Holland, and north part of King George the Third's sound, discovered by captain Vancouver in the year 1791; and so called from the plenty of oysters found there. Oyster Harbour is rendered admissible alone for vessels of a middle size, by the shallowness of the water on the bar extending from shore to shore, on which were found 17 feet water only, although the depth increased from five to seven fathoms on each side. Long. 118. 15. E. Lat. 34. 58. S.

OYSTER HAVEN, a harbour on the south coast of Ireland, 3 miles E. of Kinsale harbour.

OYSTER ISLAND, a small island near the west coast of Ireland, in Sligo bay, 4 miles W. S. W. of Sligo.

OYSTER ISLAND, an island situated in the bay of Bengal, which is extremely dangerous, on account of its rising little

above the level of the sea, and being surrounded by rocks. It abounds with small rock oysters, which the natives of the opposite coast catch with hammers, and carry to Chittagong, whence they are conveyed to Dacca and Calcutta; but it is dangerous to eat them till they have been purged in salt and water. It lies 9 miles S. S. W. of the north point of the Arracan river.

OYSTER ISLAND HARBOUR, a bay or harbour on the Atlantic, on the coast of Massachusetts. Long. 70. 24. W. Lat. 41. 35. N.

OYSTERMOUTH, a parish of Wales, in Glamorganshire, 6 miles from Swansee. Population 761.

OYSTER RIVER, a sandy bay just within the head of Mercury bay, in New Zea land.

OYSTER RIVER, a river of the United States, in New Hampshire, which rises in Lee, and flows through Durham into Great bay.

OZABALA, a town of Niphon, in Japan, 36 miles N. of Meaco.

OZAMA, a river of Hispaniola, which runs into the sea below the town of St Domingo. It is formed by the confluence of the two streams the Isabella and Ozama, which unite about a league above the capital, and fall down in a beautiful wood-girted channel, as wide as the Thames at Chelsea, and retaining the name of the Ozama. In rainy seasons this stream is much swollen, and is of great convenience for bringing down provisions and produce from the interior.

OZAR, a village of Seistan, in Persia, 186 miles S. E. of Zareng.

OZEMAN, a village of Anatolia, in Asiatic Turkey, between Amasia and Tocat.

ÖZERNAIA, a fortress of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Orenbourg, on the Oural, so named from the lakes by which it is surrounded. It is regularly fortified and garrisoned by a company of regulars, with about a hundred Cossacs and Baschkirs. The village contains a church, and 200 houses.

OZERNAIA, the name of two small rivers in the peninsula of Kamtschatka.

OZERNOIE, a fortress of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Orenbourg, forming part of the line of Tobolsk.

OZERO. See Osero and Cherso.

Ozon, a very high mountain among the Alps, near Briançon. Its height is nearly 13,100 feet above the level of the sea.

Paz and Sicasica, south by Oruro, Paria, and Carangas, and south-west and west by the Peruvian province of Arica, which is separated from it by the lofty chain of the Andes. Its length from the bridge over the river Desaguadaro, which divides it from Chucuito, to the province of Paria, is 56 leagues, and its greatest width 40. From the neighbourhood of the Andes, its climate is cold, and its soil not very productive. Its inhabitants are dispersed in small settlements, and consist chiefly of Indians, who are employed in tending cattle and sheep, with which it abounds. There were formerly several mines of silver and emeralds, but they are not worked at present. A mine of tale supplies the whole of Peru with plates of that substance, to serve instead of window glass for the

churches and houses.

PACAJES, the capital of the above district, situated 80 miles S. W. of La Paz. Its chief commerce consists in the sale of cattle to the neighbouring towns.

PACAMOROS, YAGUARSONGO, or SAN JUAN DE SALINAS, a province and government of Quito, vulgarly called De Bracamoros, bounded north by the territory of Zamora and the province of Loxa, west by the province of Piura, south by the river Amazons, and east by the woods and territories of the Indians. This province is but thinly peopled, and it has no commerce, though it has rich gold mines. The pastures are excellent, and there is good tobacco, wild wax and cotton, and the finest cacao.

PACANA, or PACAXA, a river of Brazil, which runs north, and enters the Xingu, in the great bend which it makes before it enters the Amazons.

PACASMAYU, a river of Peru, in the province of Saria, which flows down the mountains of Caxamarca, runs west, and falls into the Pacific ocean, forming a bay in which is caught excellent fish. Its shores are delightful. Lat. of its mouth 7. 24. S.

PACAUDIERE, LA, a large village in the east of France, department of the Loire. Population 1700. 14 miles N. W. of Ro

anne.

PACCALONGANG, a small European town and fort on the north coast of the island of Java, which is the seat of a resident, and has a numerous population of natives and Chinese; but there are few Dutch families. The great road across the island, which was executed when the French held the island, passes through this place; and near it is a forest many miles in extent, which is so dreadfully unhealthy, that about 4000 people are said to have perished in cutting the road through it. With the exception of this particular place, nothing can exceed

the fertility of the country, or the number and population of the villages. 282 miles E. from Batavia.

PACEM, a town on the north coast of the island of Sumatra, the capital of a kingdom of the same name, dependent on Acheen. It contains above 500 families. 120 miles S. E. of Acheen.

PACHACAMA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Cercado, situated in a val ley of the same name. This valley is about 12 miles south from Lima, and was celebrated before the conquest of Peru, on account of a celebrated temple dedicated to the Sovereign Creator of all things, whom the Incas called Pachamac. Pizarro is said to have taken from this temple an immense quantity of gold, besides what the soldiers had pillaged. 22 miles S. by E. of Láma.

Lat. 12. 19. S.

PACHACHACA, a river of Peru, which runs north, traversing the province of Abancay, and enters the Apurimac. On it are 40 bridges of cords and willow twigs.

PACHECA, one of the beautiful islands within the semicircular bay from Panama to Point Mala. These islands yield wood, water, fruit, fowls, hogs, &c. and afford an excellent harbour for shipping, in Lat. 8. 3. N.

PACHETE, an extensive district of Bengal, situated principally on the south side of the Dummooda river, and north of the district of Midnapore. Some parts of it are hilly and covered with wood, which renders it unhealthy to Europeans; but it contains a number of towns, and is not deficient in population. It has been long held as a zemindary by a Hindoo family named Narrain, who, till the middle of last century, paid little more than a tribute. Its chief products are rice and cotton. The principal town is Rogonatpour, through which runs the great military road from Calcutta to Benares. It is now included in the collectorship of Burdwan.

PACHETE, formerly the capital of the above mentioned district, and residence of the zemindar or rajah. The houses are principally built of mats and bamboos, and thatched with grass. Long. 86. 50. E. Lat. 23. 36. N.

PACHICA, a river of Peru, in the province of Pataz, which runs north-north-east, and enters the Ucayale.-There are also in Peru two inconsiderable settlements of the same name.

PACHITEA, a river of Peru, in the intendancy of Tarmu, on the east side of the Andes, first running east, then north, and called the Pozuzo at its confluence with the Mayro, where it forms a fine haven, trom which there is a direct and open naviga

tion to the Amazons, which it joins in 8. 46. S. lat.

PACHO, a settlement of South America, in New Granada, which contains 200 houses. 14 leagues from Santa Fe.

PACHUCO, a town of Mexico, in the intendancy of Mexico, and capital of a province of the same name. It has a magnificent parish church, besides other public buildings. In this town are the royal coffers, where the treasurer and accomptant reside, taking for the king one-fifth of all the silver produced here. The trade in this metal is the principal of the place, although some of the Indians are employed in agriculture. The ground on which it stands is 8141 feet high. 45 miles N. E. of Mexico.

PACHUCO, a lake formed to drain the waters from the province of Pachuco, in which there is a sluice, by which the waters may be turned into Lake Zumpango. PACHUCU, a town in the intendancy of Mexico. In the neighbourhood are exceedingly rich silver mines. That of Tasco is one of the oldest mining stations in the kingdom. According to Gemelli, there are not less than a thousand mines within a space of six leagues, some of them reckoned the most productive of any in Mexico.

PACHUQUILLA, a small village of Mexico, in the neighbourhood of Pachuco, said to be the first Spanish village built in the vale of Anahuac.

PACIFIC, a name given to the sea which lies between Asia and America, by the Spaniards, who first navigated it, and who experiencing in their first voyages calm and gentle weather, persuaded themselves that it was the same all over. Subsequent experience, however, shewed them the contrary; for although the part between the tropics may justify that appellation, no sea is subject in higher latitudes to more violent tempests. It is remarkable for the fury of the storms in winter, and for the dreadful agitation of its waters.

PACKAGAMA, FALLS OF, a fall in the Mississippi, about 30 miles from its source. The river below the fall is a quarter of a mile wide; but above it is only of the breadth of 20 yards. The water thus collected runs down a flat rock, 20 feet in perpendicular height, and having an elevation of 30 degrees. The portage, which is on the east side, is not above 200 yards, and by no means difficult. These falls, next to those of St Anthony, from which they are distant about 1000 miles, form the most formidable impediment to navigation, from the source of the river to the gulf of Mexico.

- PACKAGAMA, LAKE OF, a lake on the

Mississippi, near the falls of the same name, famed for producing wild rice.

PACKERSFIELD. See Nelson.

PACKINGTON, a parish of England, in Leicester and Derbyshires, 2 miles S. by E. of Ashby de la Zouch. Population 698. PACMOTE BAY, a bay on the east coast of the island of Martinico.

PACOLET, a river of the United States, which rises in North Carolina, and unites with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in South Carolina. Pacolet springs are upon it, 17 miles above Pinckneyville.

PACORA, a river of South America, which enters the sea in the gulf of Panama.-It is also the name of a settlement in Panama, and of two settlements in Peru, all inconsiderable.

PACY, a small town in the north of France, situated on the river Eure, on the high road to Paris. It is still surrounded with a mound, and contains a population of 1700, who manufacture linen and woollen. 11 miles E. of Evreux.

PADAGUEL, a large lake of Chili, in the province of Santiago. It is formed by the rivers Colima and Lampa, which, after a course of more than 60 leagues, unite. It is two leagues long, and is not far from the city of Santiago.

PADAH, a town of Hindostan, province of Gundwaneh, and district of Gangpour, situated on the east side of the Soanke river, belonging to an independent Hindoo chief. Long. 84. 45. E. Lat. 22. N.

PADAMO, a river of Gniana, which has its rise between the Caura and the Orinoco, and forming a curve, enters the latter.

PADANG, a Dutch settlement, and one of the principal belonging to that nation, on the west coast of Sumatra, to which all their other factories were subordinate. The fort is situated one mile up the river. It is a square, with four bastions of stone, and the walls about nine feet high, surrounded, except on the side of the river, with a wet ditch four or five yards over, and about six feet deep. On the opposite side of the river are high mountains, which overlook the fort at the distance of about 300 yards. It is shallow water for near two miles without the river's mouth, though there are two or three fathoms at high water, and about 10 feet on the bar. Padang is the greatest place for trade on the coast. The English were invited to form a settlement here in 1649, but were prevented by the Dutch taking possession of it, which they retained till 1781, when a detachment of troops on board five East Indiamen, took possession of all the Dutch factories on the coast; but they were given up at the peace. They were again taken in 1794,

but were again given up to the Dutch at the general peace of 1814.

Padang is a great market for gold, which is collected here in considerable quantities, and sent to Batavia. Near to Padang is a vein of gold, which formerly was worked to considerable advantage. It was afterwards let to farm by the Dutch East India company, and it now produces very inconsiderable returns. Long. 99. 55. E. Lat. 0. 48. S. PADANG, a small island in the Eastern seas, near the west coast of Borneo. Long. 109. 21. E. Lat. 0. 33. S.

PADANG-GUCHI, a small river of Sumatra, which runs into the sea on the west coast, between the 4th and 5th degrees of S. lat.

PADBURY, a parish of England, in Buckinghamshire, near the river Ouse, 2 miles S. E. from Buckingham. Population

510.

PADDYTOWN, a township of the United States, in Hampshire county, Virginia.

PADENGHE, a small town of Austrian Italy, in the province of Brescia, near the western shore of the lake of Garda. 13 miles E. by S. of Brescia, and 26 N. by W. of Mantua.

PADER, a small river of Prussian Westphalia, which rises in the city of Paderborn, below the cathedral and some surrounding houses. The source is so copious, that the stream is sufficient to drive several mills in the town.

PADERBORN (Source of the Pader), a small but very ancient town of Westphalia, now subject to Prussia. This place is said to have been for a time the residence of Charlemagne, when prosecuting the war against the Saxons; and is known to have been, on different occasions, the temporary abode of succeeding emperors. It was a member of the Hanseatic confederacy, but fell by degrees into complete subjection to the bishop of Paderborn, who governed a district of above 1000 square miles, adjacent to the county of Lippe, and the landgraviate of Hesse. This bishopric was founded by Charlemagne; and its territory, containing at present a population of 120,000, has belonged to Prussia since the secularisation of 1802. The town of Paderborn was taken in 1622 by duke Christian of Brunswick, at the head of a Protestant force, who scrupled not to transform into coin the gold and silver relics of its cathedral. At present the population is about 5300, chiefly Catholics. The cathedral is still a good edifice; and there are here no less than six hospitals or alms-houses. The town is to lerably built, but its trade is insignificant. 37 miles S. by W. of Minden, and 58 S. W. of Hanover,

PADINAM, a township of England, in Lancashire, 3 miles W. by N. from Burnley. Population 2556.

PADOAH, a town of Hindostan, province of Gundwaneh, belonging to the rajah of Nagpore. Long. 78. 52. Ě. Lat. 21. 53. N. PADOR. See Podor.

PADRE, PUNTA DE, a point on the north coast of the island of Cuba.

PADSTOW; a market town of England, in the county of Cornwall, situated on the west side of Padstow haven, near the mouth of the river Camel. It has been considerably improved within the last 30 years, by the building of new houses. The streets are very narrow, but well paved. The harbour is the best on this northern coast, though much obstructed by sand, which impedes the navigation. It is epable of containing, however, ships of 500 tons burden; and in the channel, which in the narrowest part is 70 fathoms wide, there is always a depth of three fathoms at low water. It is conveniently situated for trade to Bristol, Wales, and Ireland, which is carried on pretty extensively. It has a custom-house and good quays. The church is dedicated to St Patrick; and there is besides in the town a Methodist chapel. Padstow is a place of considerable antiquity, and is said to have been the spot where the first religious house in Cornwall was built by St Patrick. Population 1498. Market on Saturday. 26 miles S. W. of Launceston, and 243 W. by S. of London. Long. 4. 55. W. Lat. 50. 33. N.

PADUA, a delegation or province of Austrian Italy, in the government of Venice, surrounded by the delegations of Vicenza, Treviso, Venice, Rovigo, and Verona. Its superficial extent is 860 square miles; its population not below 270,000. The soil is of the greatest fertility, producing the most abundant crops of corn, of which, however, little is exported, owing to the smallness of the farms, and the density of the agricul tural population. Large quantities of wine, fruit, and silk, are likewise raised; and, from the facility of irrigating, the pastures are rich and well stocked with cattle. The surface of the ground is in general level; but it is agreeably diversified by the Eugenean hills, a chain of moderate height, which passes through the province. It is watered by the Brenta, the Bacchiglione, and several smaller streams.

PADUA, a city of Austrian Italy, the capital of the delegation of the same name, in the government of Venice. It is situated in a rich and beautiful country, near the junction of the Brenta and the Bacchiglione. Its form is that of a triangle; and though not capable of standing a siege, it is sur