Source: United States Government Manual, 1975- USOE: Role At present, the U.S. Office of Education (USOE) is charged with the responsibility of administration and management of approximately 110 educational programs. Through these programs, a wide range of services are provided to the general public: education for the handicapped; federal insurance on higher education student loans; school construction; and fellowships for exchange of American faculty members with institutions of higher education abroad. In aggregate, the expenditures for all these programs require an agency operating budget of six to seven billion dollars in the current fiscal year alone. As citizens of the United States and of the states in which they reside, Indian people are eligible for all these services through USOEprovided they satisfy the criteria for funding eligibility set by each. program. At present, according to data provided by USOE, of approximately 110 programs, Indian people participate in or receive benefits from about 40-less than 40%. Expenditures for services under these programs amount to an estimated 166 million dollars, 2.39% of USOE's budget for the current fiscal year. (See Table 1.) In view of the amount of program dollars attributed to services to Indian people by USOE and current data on the educational achievement of Indians which points to unmet, critical educational needs at all age levels, the question must be posed of how so much money can be spent for Indian education each year without having a more substantial impact. TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION FUNDS THAT BENEFIT INDIANS OR ARE ATTRACTED BY THE PRESENCE OF INDIANS [In thousands of dollars] Program and program objectives ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION 1. ESEA, Title I (Grants for Disadvantaged): To provide compensatory services aimed at improving the educational programs in order to meet the special educational needs of deprived children. To provide grants to State departments of education for handicapped children, neglected and dependent children and orphans and juvenile delinquents in State institutions. To contract to support program evaluation and related studies... 2. Support and Innovation Grants: (a) ESEA III-Supplementary Services: To provide grants (b) ESEA, Sec. 808-Nutrition and Health; To improve school health and nutrition services and activities for children from low-income families... 3. ESEA, Title VII (Bilingual Education): To support local bilingual education classroom demonstration projects. To assist in developing State, local and university capabilities for training bilingual personnel. To provide resources for the development, assessment, and dissemination of bilingual instructional materials. 4. Education Amendments VII (Right to Read): To provide facili- TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION FUNDS THAT BENEFIT INDIANS OR ARE ATTRACTED BY THE PRESENCE OF INDIANS-Continued [In thousands of dollars] Program and program objectives 5. Community Services Act, pt. B (Follow Through): To test alternative educational approaches for disadvantaged children in the primary grades. To provide comprehensive services and special activities in the areas of physical and mental health, social services and nutrition, and such other areas which supplement basic services already available in the school.... 6. Drug Abuse Education Act (Drug Abuse Education): To provide project grants for the purpose of developing drug education leadership teams at the State and local level througha variety of training programs. To provide technical assistance to such teams to assist them in assessing local drug problems, develop programs and skilled leadership to combat their causes and evaluate existing drug problems.... 7. Environmental Education Act (Environmental Education): To provide grants to both public and private nonprofit organizations and agencies to assist the development of effective environmental education resources needed for the development of programs at all levels of formal education and for nonformal adult education______ INDIAN EDUCATION ACT 1. Pt. A: To provide grants to applicant local educational agencies for supplemental elementary and secondary programs to meet the special educational needs of Indian children. To provide grants to Indian controlled schools on or near reservations that are not LEAS... 2. Pt. B: To provide grants to Indian tribes and organizations, State and local educational agencies, Federal elementary and secondary schools, institutions of higher education and private, nonprofit elementary and secondary schools to support pilot and demonstration projects and programs for improving educational opportunities for Indian children... 3. Pt. C: To provide grants to Indian tribes and organizations and State and local educational agencies to support pilot, planning and demonstration projects with particular emphasis in the areas of basic literacy, high school equivalency training and continuing education.. SCHOOL ASSISTANCE IN FEDERALLY AFFECTED AREAS 1. Public Law 874 (Maintenance and Operation): To provide payments directly to school districts to assist in the operation of schools where enrollments and the availability of revenues from local sources have been adversely affected by Federal activities. 2. Public Law 815 (School Construction): To provide payments for assistance in construction of school facilities in areas where enrollments and availability of local revenues have been adversely affected by Federal activities. To provide assistance, as authorized by sec. 14 of the act, for children residing on Indian lands.... 1. Special projects: EMERGENCY SCHOOL AID (a) ESAA, sec. 708(c)-Bilingual Education Projects: To See footnotes at end of table. TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION FUNDS THAT BENEFIT INDIANS OR ARE ATTRACTED BY THE PRESENCE OF INDIANS-Continued [In thousands of dollars] Program and program objectives 2. (c) ESAA, sec. 708(a), 708(b)(1) Special Programs and Projects: To authorize grants to assist local educational agencies and supporting public organizations in conducting activities which are otherwise authorized by the Emergency School Act, and promist to make substantial progress towards achieving the purpose of the Emergency School Act... 3. ESAA, sec. 706(a), (b), and 708(b): To provide program support through projects whose principle activities are to provide desegregation assistance to LEAS. Funds are apportioned to 3 kinds of awards: (1) LEA grants to meet education needs incident to desegregation and resulting from minority isolation as well as to encourage voluntary elimination of minority isolation; (2) LEA grants to support programs in reading and math for minority children; (3) nonprofit organization contracts and grants to conduct special programs supportive of LEA desegregation efforts.... EDUCATION FOR THE HANDICAPPED 1. Education for the Handicapped Act, pt. B, State Grants: To provide grants to States to assist in the initiation, expansion and improvement of programs and projects for education of handicapped children at the preschool, elementary and secondary school levels..... 2. Education for the Handicapped Act, pt. C, sec, 622, Deaf-Blind centers: To provide contracts to regional centers to provide through a series of subcontracts, diagnostic, educational and related services to deaf-blind children and their families. The centers also initiate whatever ancillary services are necessary to assure that these children achieve their full potential for useful participation in society.. 3. Education for the Handicapped Act, pt. C, specific Learning Disbilities: To award grants and contracts to promote State and local provision of identification, diagnostic, prescriptive and educational services for learning disabled children and their parents through the funding of model programs, technical assistance, and teacher training activities.. 4. Regional Resource Centers: To provide contracts for the operation of 14 regional resource centers to develop and apply methods of appraisal and special educational programing practices for handicapped children, including referral, placement and followup services. 5. Education for the Handicapped Act, pt. D, special Education and Manpower Development: To provide grants to support training of teachers, supervisors, speech correctionists, researchers and other professionals and paraprofessionals in the fields related to the education of the handicapped in regular and special classrooms... OCCUPATIONAL, VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION Vocational Education Act, pt. B: To provide grants to States for basic vocational education programs. To provide funds to support the State advisory councils on vocational education.. 2. Vocational Education Act, pt. 1 (Curriculum Development): To provide grants to States, colleges, universities and other institutions to support vocational research and development programs. To provide grants for the development of curriculums for new and changing occupations and to provide the information essential to make necessary improvements and changes for more effective vocational programs. 3. Educational Professions Development Act, pt. B-1, Teachers Corps: To improve the educational opportunities for children of low income families by demonstrating improved quality programs of teacher education for both certified and inexperienced teacher interns. In 1977, projects will emphasize retraining of personnel.. 4. Educational Professions Development Act, pts. C, D, E, F, and sec. 504: To provide graduate fellowships and grants for strengthening graduate programs in education. To provide funding for improving training opportunities for personnel serving in programs of education other than higher education. To provide training programs for higher education personnel. To provide funding for training and development programs for vocational education personnel... See footnotes at end of table. TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION FUNDS THAT BENEFIT INDIANS OR ARE ATTRACTED BY THE PRESENCE OF INDIANS-Continued [In thousands of dollars] Program and program objectives 5. Adult Education Act, Adult Education Grants to States: To pro- 7. Adult Education Act, sec. 309, Adult Education Teacher Training: 8. ESEA, Title IX, Ethnic Heritage Studies: To provide assistance designed to afford students opportunities to learn about the nature of their own cultural heritage and to study the contributions of the cultural heritages of the other ethnic groups of the Nation... 9. ESEA, Title VIII (Dropout Prevention): To provide funding for the carrying out of promising demonstration projects involving the use of innovative methods, systems, materials, or programs designed to reduce the number of children who do not complete their education in elementary and secondary education.... HIGHER EDUCATION 1. Higher Education Act, Title IV-A(i) Basic Opportunity Grants: 3. Higher Education Act, pt. C, Work Study: To provide funds for 5. Higher Education Act, Title IV, pt. B, Subsidized Insured Loans 6. Higher Education Act, Title IV, pt. E, Direct Loans: To provide funds to pay cancellations for loans made by borrowers who subsequently undertook specified types of teaching or military service.. 7. Higher Eduation Act, Title IV-A(4), Special Programs for the Disadvantaged: To provide funds for talent search, Upward Bound, special services and educational opportunity center programs, through which over 250,000 disadvantaaed students are served.. 8. Higher Education Act, Title III, Developing Institutions: To provide funds for the basic institutional programs and for advanced institutional development program. Together these programs provide substantial assistance to schools with high percentages of black and other minority students to enable them to enter the mainstream of American higher education_ 9. University Community Services: To Provide Funds to State agencies or institutions pursuant to an approved State plan setting forth a comprehensive, coordinated and statewide system of community service programs designed to assist in the solution of community problems in rural, suburban areas (with particular emphasis on urban and suburban problems such as housing, poverty, transportation, health, etc.)... See footnotes at end of table. |