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classification of, 586.

rates on, 934.

MESSENGER COMPANIES,

messengers are common carriers, when, 183.
messenger boys held not common carriers, 183.
MICHIGAN,

statutes against discriminations, 1145.

local discrimination forbidden, 1222.

MILK,

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[REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.]

MISSOURI-Continued.

local discrimination forbidden, 1225.
power of Railroad Commission, 1265.
court review, 1290.

MOLASSES,

classification of, 931.

rates on, 934.

NEBRASKA,

N.

prohibition of discrimination, 1149.
undue preference forbidden, 1187.
local discrimination forbidden, 1226.
power of Railroad Commission, 1266.
NET EARNINGS,

See OPERATING EXPENSES, PERCENTAGE OF RETURN.
NEW HAMPSHIRE,

statutes against discrimination, 1150.
undue preference forbidden, 1188.
local discrimination forbidden, 1288.
power of Railroad Commission, 1267.
NEW JERSEY,

prohibition of undue preference, 1190.
local discrimination forbidden, 1129.
NEW MEXICO,

statute against discrimination, 1151.
NEWSBOYS,

NORTH CAROLINA,

See PASSENGERS.

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classification of, 574.

rates on, 779, 785, 787, 934.

OPERATING EXPENSES,

cost of service must be earned, 411.

necessary annual charges, 411.

items in cost of performing service, 412.

rate established by the Commission must be remunerative, 412.
determination of net earnings, 413.

expense of equipment and maintenance, 414.

cost of rolling stock, 415.

cost of materials, 415.

cost of supplies, 416.

salaries of officials, 417.

estimating labor cost, 418.

loans are not an annual charge, 419.

taxes for the year are proper charges, 412, 420.

losses by accident, 421.

expenditures to get business, 422.

advertising bills, 422.

unreasonable expenditures, 423.

unreasonable commissions, 424.

improvident management, 424.

See CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNTS, DEPRECIATION REQUIREMENTS.

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PAPER,

[REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.]

classification of, 931.

rates on, 934.

PARTIES,

PASSENGER ELEVATORS,

See PROCEDURE.

elevators are not common carriers, 189.

elevator operation requires high degree of care, 189.
PASSENGERS,

1. Who are passengers.

public duty was owed only to bona fide travellers, 202.
establishment of relation of passenger and carrier, 78.
persons never accepted in a proper place not passengers, 154.
carriage in a place not intended for passengers, 77.
carriage on construction train, 75.

carriage on freight cars, 76.

riding on engine, 73.

riding on hand car, 75.

2. Special classes of persons carried.

public duty was owed only to bona fide travellers, 202.
employes of the carrier, 153.

express messengers, 152.

mail clerks, 152.

newsboys, 159, 204.

person desiring to transact business, 204.

persons making contracts for transporting baggage, 204.
train boys, 204.

servant, 150.

slaves, 150.

3. Persons requiring incidental services.

asking for a time-table, 206.

coming to a station out of curiosity, 208.

hackman who comes to a station to bring a passenger, 207.

looking for freight, 206.

mailing a letter, 206.

person assisting or meeting passengers, 207.

person helping to unload freight, 206.

person desiring shelter merely, 203.

rule for sleeping and parlor cars, 205.

right involved is that of the passenger, 208.
extent of carrier's duty to such persons, 209.

4. Invitation of the carrier's servant.

guest of a servant of the carrier, 160.

riding on engine by consent of engineer, 160.

[REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.]

PASSENGERS-Continued.

riding free on freight train, 160.

conductor induced to let person ride free on passenger train, 160.
See ACCEPTANCE OF PASSENGERS, FARES OF PASSENGERS, TICKETS,

PASSES,

TRANSPORTATION.

public wrong in giving free passes, 72'
outright discrimination between passe
statutory exceptions, 941-942, 959-962.
giving free passes to various classes, 730.
pass to milk contractor, 791.
passes to officers and employees, 962.

pass issued for business reasons, 143.

pass issued to a drover, 143.

pass for business of the road, 143.

reporter's pass, 157.

pass to ministers of religion, 961.
limitation of liability in free pass, 149.
PAVING BLOCKS,

classification of, 931.

rates on, 934.

FEACHES,

classification of, 571, 577.

rates on, 587, 934.

PENNSYLVANIA,

undue preference forbidden, 1193.

local discrimination forbidden, 1233.

PERCENTAGE OF RETURN,

some return requisite, 383.

adequate return ought to be left, 384.

rs, 729.

the rate return upon investments in general, 389.

current rate of return is on securities of private companies, 390.

prevailing rate of interest allowed, 392.

reasonable dividends allowed, 393.

current rate of return, 393.

rate of return dependent upon locality, 396.

bad commercial conditions, 397.

recoupment in prosperous times, 398.

rate of return dependent upon the character of the enterprise, 401.
prevailing rate of interest, 401.

whether the return upon all property should be the same, 403.

rate of interest dependent upon the safety of the investment, 404.

general policy for allowing fair return, 406.

economic considerations as to rate of return, 389.
fair rate of return, 387.

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