for vast Tracts of Land, and every one was ready to oppose the College in taking up the Land; their Survey was violently stop'd, their Chain broke, and to this Day they can never get to the Possession of the Land. But the Trustees of the College being encourag'd with a Gracious Letter the King writ to the Governor to encourage the College, and to remove all the Obstructions of it, went to work, and carry'd up one Half of the design'd Quadrangle of the Building, advancing Money out of their own Pockets, where the Donations fell short. They founded their Grammar-School, which is in a very thriving Way; and having the clear Right and Title to the Land, would not be baffled in that Point, but have struggled with the greatest Man in the Government, next the Governor, i.e. Mr. Secretary Wormley, who pretends to have a Grant in furturo for no less than 13000 Acres of the best Land in Panmuckey Neek. The Cause is not yet decided, only Mr. Secretary has again stop'd the Chain, which it is not likely he would do, if he did not know that he should be supported in it. The Collectors of the Penny per Pound likewise are very remiss in laying their Accompts before the Governors of the College, according to the Instructions of the Commissioners of the Customs, so that illegal Trade is carry'd on, and some of these Gentlemen refuse to give any Account upon Oath. This is the present State of the College. Text-Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton: The Present State of Virginia, and the College, pp. 67-71.

CHAPTER III

MARYLAND IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Bibliography

The beginnings of Maryland history are to be found in "A Relation of the Successful Beginnings of the Lord Baltimore's Plantation in Maryland" (May 27, 1634-in, Shea's "Early Southern Tracts" No. I. and "The Historical Magazine," October, 1865); in the more extensive "Relation of Maryland" (September 8, 1635), edited (1865) by Francis L. Hawks, D.D.; and in the "Relatio Itineris in Marylandiam" written (April, 1634) by Father White to the General of his Order (Maryland Hist. Soc., Fund Publ.," No. 7, and Force, "Tracts and Papers," Vol. IV, Tract XII). To the last are added letters from missionaries covering the period 1635-1677.

Political controversies of the Commonwealth era are given in "The Lord Baltimore's Case concerning the Province of Maryland," (1653), and a reply to this pamphlet, "Virginia and Maryland or the Lord Baltimore's printed case uncased and answered" (1655-Force, "Tracts and Papers" Vol. II, Tract IX). Several pamphlets belonging to this period are so distorted with the heat of controversy as to be scarcely worth mentioning (For list see Winsor, "Narr. & Crit. Hist. of America," Vol. III, p. 554). John Hammond's "Leah and Rachel or the Two Fruitful Sisters, Virginia and Maryland, . . . " (1656-Force, Vol. III, Tract XIV) is more restrained. Ten years later there appeared George Alsop's "A Character of the Province of Maryland” (“Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ. "No. 15), which quaintly sets forth social conditions of the colony. Another document of similar character is the "Journal of a Voyage to New York and a Tour in Several of the American Colonies in 1679-80" by Jasper Dankers and Peter Sluyter ("Memoirs of the Long Island Hist. Soc." Vol. I; also in "Original Narratives of Early American History" edited (1913) by B. B. James and J. F. Jameson).

The earliest historian of Maryland was George Chalmers, whose "Political Annals of the present United Colonies" (1780) is reasonably accurate. The first volume of a "Historical View of the Government of Maryland from its Colonization to the Present Day" (1831) by J. V.

L. McMahon sketches the history of the province to the Revolution, and concerns itself more largely with legal issues. John Leeds Bozman's "History of Maryland from its first settlement in 1633 to the Restoration in 1660" (II vols. 1837) abounds in source quotations and has an appendex that contains valuable documentary material. This work is thorough, but lacks literary finish. James McSherry briefly narrated the leading events of Maryland in "The History of Maryland from its first Settlement in 1634 to the year 1848" (1849). "The History of Maryland" (III vols. 1879) by J. T. Scharf excels Bozman's in point of literary finish and fulness, being based upon supplementary state papers preserved in the English State Paper Office. "Maryland, The History of a Palatinate" (1884) by W. Hand Browne in the "American Commonwealths" series, though brief is an admirable piece of work. "Old Virginia and Her Neighbors" (1897) by John Fiske devotes several chapters to Maryland, but is lacking in accuracy. "Maryland as a Proprietary Province" (1901) by N.D. Mereness is a scholarly presentation of the transition in Maryland from proprietary to representative government. "The Lords Baltimore and the Maryland Palatinate" being six lectures delivered (1902) before Johns Hopkins University by C. C. Hall is exceedingly valuable. The following studies by Bernard C. Steiner are worthy of closest attention: "Beginnings of Maryland, 1631-1639 (J. H. U. Studies, Series XXI); "Maryland During the English Civil Wars" (ibid., Part I Series XXIV, Part II Series XXV); "Maryland Under the Commonwealth" (ibid., Series XXIX); "The Protestant Revolution in Maryland" ("Ann. Report Amer. Hist. Assoc.," 1897, Sec. XVII); "The Restoration of the Proprietary of Maryland and the Legislation against the Roman Catholics during the Governorship of Captain John Hart (1714-1720)" (Ibid., 1899, Vol. I, Sec. VIII).

Biographical works worthy of mention are Burnap's "Life of Leonard Calvert" (published in Sparks' "American Biography," new series, vol. IX); "The Lords Baltimore" by Rev. J. G. Morris (“Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ. " No. 8); "Sir George Calvert, Baron of Baltimore" by L. W. Wilhelm (ibid., No. 20); and "George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore" (1890) in the "Makers of America" by W. Hand Browne.

The church affiliations of the first settlers and notably of the legislators, have been discussed by G. L. Davis in "The Day-Star of American Freedom" (1855); Rev. E. Allen in "Who Were the Early Settlers of Maryland" (1865); B. F. Brown in "Early Religious History of Maryland, . . . " (1876); Rev. E. D. Neill in "Lord Baltimore and Toleration

in Maryland" ("Contemp. Rev.," Sept., 1876); also "The Founders of Maryland, . . . ” (1876).

On the related subject of religious toleration, J. P. Kennedy delivered (1845) a discourse before the Maryland Historical Society on the "Life and Character of the First Lord Baltimore." Ten years later Rev. E. Allen issued a pamphlet on "Maryland Toleration." In 1875 Maryland religious history was injected into the controversy between Gladstone and Manning, and more literature on the subject appeared. (See "Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration" in "The Catholic World," December, 1875). Hence the article published (April 1874) in the "Presbyterian Quarterly and Princeton Review" entitled "Catholic Toleration in the State of Maryland." An illuminating discussion is that of Bradley T. Johnson in "The Foundation of Maryland and the Origin of the Act Concerning Religion of April 21, 1649" ("Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ." No. 18).

The Jesuit propaganda is well set forth in "Old Catholic Maryland and its Early Jesuit Missionaries" (1890) by Rev. W. P. Treacy, and the "Calvert Papers" ("Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ." No. 28). "Maryland, the Land of Sanctuary" (1905) by Monsignor Russell, "Religious Liberty in Maryland and Rhode Island" (1903) by Rev. Lucian Johnston and "Maryland: the Pioneer of Religious Liberty" (1917) by E. S. Riley are recent contributions written from the Roman Catholic standpoint.

Church history proper has been presented from the Episcopalian viewpoint by Rev. F. L. Hawks, by Canon J. S. M. Anderson, by Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, by Rev. W. S. Perry, by Rev. S. D. McConnell, and by Prof. C. C. Tiffany. For the titles, dates, and comparative merits of the above histories, see p. 7. In Vol. IV of Rev. W. S. Perry's "Historical Collections relating to the American Colonial Church" (1870) a small amount of documentary material may be found.

From the Roman Catholic standpoint there is "The Catholic Church in Colonial Days" (1886) by Rev. John Gilmary Shea embodied as Volume I in his comprehensive "History of the Catholic Church in the United States" (1892), and the less satisfactory work of Professor Thomas O'Gorman in the "American Church History Series" (Vol. IX-third edition, 1900). "The History of the Society of Jesus in North America, Colonial and Federal" (1908) by Thomas Hughes, S.J., has important documents (Part I, Sec. I and II), followed by a biased exposition of the Maryland Mission (Text, Vol. I, Chapters III-VI, also Vol. II). The literature of the subject is well reviewed in Chapters I and II. Henry

Foley's "Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus" (1878), Vol. III, has some material, which in view of misleading omissions, must be handled with care.

On the Quakers, the Maryland Historical Society published (1862) "The Early Friends (or Quakers) in Maryland," by J. S. Norris; and "Wenlock Christison and the Early Friends in Talbot County, Maryland," by Samuel A. Harrison, M.D. ("Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ. "No. 12).

On the Labadists, in addition to Dankers "Journal" as above, "The Labadist Colony in Maryland" by Bartlett B. James ("J. H. U. Studies," Series XVII; and "Papers Am. Soc. Church History" Vol. VIII) is highly satisfactory. "The Labadists of Bohemia Manor" by Geo. A. Leakin ("Maryland Hist. Mag." Vol. I, pp. 337-345) has some details.

A valuable paper entitled "Early Christian Missions Among the Indians of Maryland" by R. U. Campbell appears in the "Maryland Historical Magazine" Vol. I, pp. 293-316. This magazine (Vol. II, pp. 163-171) has an article, "Maryland at the End of the Seventeenth Century" by H. F. Thompson which has some side lights upon church conditions, also (Vol. XI, pp. 1-41) "The First Sixty Years of the Church of England in Maryland, 1632-1692" by Lawrence C. Wroth. "Church Life in Colonial Maryland" (1885) by Rev. T. C. Gambrall, although concerned more with eighteenth century history has considerable data upon earlier ecclesiastical affairs. "Terra Mariae, or Threads of Maryland Colonial History" (1867) by Rev. E. D. Neill is scarcely worth consulting. Considerable data may be gleaned from "Old Kent, the Eastern Shore of Maryland" (1876) by G. A. Hanson; "Parish Institutions of Maryland" by E. Ingle (J. H. U. Studies," Series I); "The Puritan Colony at Annapolis, Maryland" by D. R. Randall (ibid., Series IV); "Church and State in Maryland" by G. Petrie (ibid., Series X); "Side Lights on Maryland History, . . . " (1913) by Hester D. Richardson; "History of Talbot County, Maryland, 1661-1861" (1915) by Oswold Tilghman; and "Maryland Records Colonial, Revolutionary, County and Church" (1915) by G. M. Brumbaugh.

The investigator should be reminded that complete statutory data is available in "The Laws of Maryland at Large" (1765) by T. Bacon; that in the "Archives of Maryland" edited by W. H. Browne, and in the "Streetor Papers" (Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ." No. 9), he will find the Proceedings and Acts of Assembly, Council and Court; that State Papers appear in "Calendars of State Papers, Colonial Se