On Makemie, there is the following: "The Days of Makemie, The Vine Planted: A.D. 1680-1708" (with an appendix, 1885) by L. I Bowen; "A Narrative of a New and Unusual American Imprisonmer of two Presbyterian Ministers, and Prosecution of Mr. Francis Makemi one of them for Preaching One Sermon at the City of New York. B a Learner of Law and a Lover of Liberty" (1707). His "Sermo Preached at New York, January 19, 1706-7" appears in "Coll. New Yor Hist. Soc." Year 1870. "Records of Accomack County, Virginia, Re lating to Rev. Francis Makemie" contributed by H. C. McCook, wil be found in "Jour. Pres. Hist. Soc." Vol. IV, Nos. I, II, III, and IV A "Transcript of the Entries in the Minutes of the Presbytery of Laggan Ireland, which refer to Francis Makemie" are accessible in the sam "Journal," Vol. III, No. VI. For "Some Recently Discovered Makemi Letters" contributed by Rev. Joseph B. Turner, see this "Journal, Vol. VII, No. V. Other Letters will be found in the appendix to Briggs "Presbyterianism." The "Makemie Memorial" proceedings are fully described in the "Journal," Vol. IV, No. VIII. A carefully compiled chronological survey of his career is appended.

For missionary work among the Indians see page 526 f.

In connection with the Revolution, the following will be found serviceable: "The Chaplains and Clergy of the American Revolution" (1861) by J. T. Headley; "An Historical Discourse on Presbyterians and the Revolution" (1876) by William P. Breed; "Life and Labors of John Rosbrugh, the Clerical Martyr of the Revolution" (1880) by John G. Clyde; "A Revolutionary Hero--James Caldwell" by Harry P. Ford ("Jour. Pres. Hist. Soc." Vol. VI, No. VII); "Presbyterians and the Revolution" (ibid. Vol. V, No. III. The last article tabulates losses sustained by the churches in Philadelphia.

Concerning sources, in addition to the many documents cited above, there is the collection (1841) of William M. Engles, "Records of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, containing the Minutes of the Presbytery of Philadelphia from A.D. 1706 to 1716; Minutes of the Synod of Philadelphia from A.D. 1717 to 1758; Minutes of the Synod of New York, from A.D. 1745 to 1758; Minutes of the Synod of New York and Philadelphia from A.D. 1758 to 1788." A second edition (1852) like the first unfortunately had no index. Recently (1904) this defect has been remedied by Rev. W. H. Roberts who under the title "Records of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America" republished all the documents of the Engles edition, and added the "Minutes of the General Convention for Religious Liberty, 1766

1775" which may also be consulted with introduction by Roberts under separate cover (1904). "The Minutes of the Presbytery of New Brunswick for the Year 1739 f.”, edited by George H. Ingram will be found in the "Jour. Pres. Hist. Soc." Vols. VI, No. VI, VIII, and Vol. VII, No. III, IV, V, VII. Several eighteenth century documents are incorporated in "A Collection of the Acts, Deliverances, and Testimonies of the Supreme Judicatory of the Presbyterian Church from its Origin in America to the Present time: With Notes and Documents" (2nd ed. 1855) by Samuel J. Baird. In the "Jour. Pres. Hist. Soc. (Vols. I, II, III, and IV) there is a series of contributions giving the early records of the following churches: Neshaminey, Tinicum, Newtown, Abingdon, Norrington, Great Valley, Charlestown, West Chester, Bethel, Collegiate Presbyterian Church of Monmouth County, Fairfield, Deerfield, Woodbury, Greenwich, Pennsneck, Cape May, and First Church, Philadelphia.

DOCUMENTS

I. THE ADOPTING ACT OF 1729 SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA

Although the Synod do not claim or pretend to any authority of Imposing our faith upon other men's consciences, but do profess our just dissatisfaction with, and abhorrence of such impositions, and do utterly disclaim all legislative power and authority in the Church, being willing to receive one another as Christ has received us to the glory of God, and admit to fellowship in sacred ordinances, all such as we have grounds to believe Christ will at last admit to the kingdom of heaven, yet we are undoubtedly obliged to take care that the faith once delivered to the saints be kept pure and uncorrupt among us, and so handed down to our posterity; and do therefore agree that all the ministers of this Synod, or that shall hereafter be admitted into this Synod, shall declare their agreement in, and approbation of, the Confession of Faith, with the Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, as being in all the essential and necessary articles, good forms of sound words and systems of Christian doctrine, and so also adopt the said Confession and Catechisms as the confession of our faith. And we do also agree, that all the Presbyteries within our bounds shall always take care not to admit any candidate of the ministry into the exercise of the sacred function but what declares his agreement in opinion with all the essential and necessary articles of said Confession, either by subscribing the said Confession of Faith and Catechisms, or by a verbal declaration of their assent thereto, as such minister or candidate shall think best. And in case any minister of this Synod, or any candidate for the ministry, shall have any scruple with respect to any article or articles of said Confession or Catechisms, he shall at the time of his making said declaration declare his sentiments to the Presbytery or Synod, who shall, not withstanding, admit him to the exercise of the ministry within our bounds, and to ministerial communion, if the Synod or Presbytery shall judge his scruple or mistake to be only about articles not essential and necessary in doctrine, worship, or government.

But if the Synod or Presbytery shall judge such ministers or candidates erroneous in essential and necessary articles of faith, the Synod or Presbytery shall declare them uncapable of communion with them. And the Synod do solemnly agree, that none of us will traduce or use any opprobrious terms of those that differ from us in these extra-essential and not necessary points of doctrine, but treat them with the same friendship, kindness, and brotherly love, as if they had not differed from us in such sentiments.

All the ministers of this Synod now present, except one that declared himself not prepared, . . . after proposing all the scruples that any of them had to make against any articles and expressions in the Confession of Faith and Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, have unanimously agreed in the solution of those scruples, and in declaring the said Confession and Catechisms to be the confession of their faith, excepting only some clauses in the twentieth and twenty-third chapters, concerning which clauses the Synod do unanimously declare, that they do not receive those articles in any such sense as to suppose the civil magistrate hath a controlling power over Synods with respect to the exercise of their ministerial authority; or power to persecute any for their religion, or in any sense contrary to the Protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain.

Text-Engles: Records of the Presbyterian Church, pp. 94-95.

II. RESOLUTIONS

REGARDING CANDIDATES FOR

MINISTRY, 1734-SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA

Mr. Gilbert Tennent having brought some overtures into the Synod with respect to the trials of candidates, both for the ministry and the Lord's Supper, that there be due care taken in examining into the evidences of the grace of God in them, as well as of their other necessary qualifications, the Synod doth unanimously agree, that as it has been our principle and practice, and as it is recommended in the directory for worship and government, to be careful in this matter, so it awfully concerns us to be most serious and solemn in the trials of both sorts of candidates above mentioned. And this Synod does therefore in the name and fear of God, exhort and obtest all our Presbyteries to take special care not to admit into the sacred office, loose, careless, and irreligious persons, but that they particularly inquire into the conversations, conduct, and behaviour of such as offer themselves to the ministry, and that they diligently examine all the candidates for the ministry in their experiences of a work of sanctifying grace in their hearts, and that they admit none to the sacred trust that are not in the eye of charity serious Christians. And the Synod does also seriously and solemnly admonish all the ministers within our bounds to make it their awful, constant, and diligent care, to approve themselves to God, to their own consciences, and to their hearers, serious, faithful stewards of the mysteries of God, and of holy and exemplary conversations. And the Synod does also exhort all the ministers within our bounds to use due care in examining those they admit to the Lord's Supper.

This admonition was approved by the whole Synod.

And the Synod does further recommend unanimously, to all our Presbyteries, to take effectual care that each of their ministers are faithful in the discharge of their awful

trust. And in particular, that they frequently examine, with respect to each of their members, into their life and conversation, their diligence in their work, and their methods of discharging their ministerial calling. Particularly that each Presbytery do, at least once a year, examine into the manner of each minister's preaching, whether he insist in his ministry upon the great articles of Christianity, and in the course of his preaching recommend a crucified Saviour to his hearers as the only foundation of hope, and the absolute necessity of the omnipotent influences of the Divine grace to enable them to accept of this Saviour; whether he do in the most solemn and affecting manner he can, endeavour to convince his hearers of their lost and miserable state whilst unconverted, and put them upon the diligent use of those means necessary in order to obtaining the sanctifying influences of the Spirit of God; whether he do, and how he doth, discharge his duty towards the young people and children of his congregation, in a way of catechizing and familiar instruction; whether he do, and in what manner he doth, visit his flock and instruct them from house to house.

And the Synod hereby orders, that a copy of this minute be inserted into the books of each of our Presbyteries, and be read at every of their Presbyterial meetings, and a record of its being read minuted in said books at the beginning of every session, and that there be also an annual record in each Presbytery book of a correspondence with this minute.

And in case any minister within our bounds shall be found defective in any of the above mentioned cases, he shall be subject to the censure of the Presbytery, and if he refuse subjection to such censure, the Presbytery are hereby directed to represent his case to the next Synod. And the Synod recommends to each of the ministers within our bounds to be as much in catechetical doctrines as they in prudence may think proper.

Text-Engles: Records of the Presbyterian Church, pp. 110-111.

III. EXPLANATORY ACT OF 1736 −SYNOD OF PHILA DELPHIA

That the Synod do declare, that inasmuch as we understand that many persons of our persuasion, both more lately and formerly, have been offended with some expressions or distinctions in the first or preliminary act of our Synod, contained in the printed paper, relating to our receiving or adopting the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, &c: That in order to remove said offence, and all jealousies that have arisen or may arise in any of our people's minds, on occasion of said distinctions and expressions, the Synod doth declare, that the Synod have adopted and still do adhere to the Westminster Confession, Catechisms, and Directory, without the least variation or alteration, and without any regard to said distinctions. And we do further declare, that this was our meaning and true intent in our first adopting of said Confession, as may particularly appear by our adopting act which is as followeth: All the ministers of the Synod now present, (which were eighteen in number, except one that declared himself not prepared,) after proposing all the scruples any of them had to make against any articles and expressions in the Confession of Faith, and Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, have unanimously agreed in the solution of these scruples, and in declaring the said Confession and Catechisms to be the confession of their faith, except only some clauses in the twentieth and twentythird chapters, concerning which clauses the Synod do unanimously declare, that they

do not receive these articles in any such sense as to suppose the civil magistrate hath a controlling power over Synods with respect to the exercise of their ministerial authority, or power to persecute any for their religion, or in any sense contrary to the Protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain.

And we hope and desire, that this our Synodical declaration and explication may satisfy all our people, as to our firm attachment to our good old received doctrines contained in said confession, without the least variation or alteration, and that they will lay aside their jealousies that have been entertained through occasion of the above hinted expressions and declarations as groundless. This overture approved nemine contradicente.

Text-Engles: Records of the Presbyterian Church, pp. 126, 127.

IV. A PROTESTATION PRESENTED TO THE SYNOD (PHILADELPHLA) JUNE 1, 1741

Reverend Fathers and Brethren,

We, the ministers of Jesus Christ, and members of the Synod of Philadelphia, being wounded and grieved at our very hearts, at the dreadful divisions, distractions, and convulsions, which all of a sudden have seized this infant church to such a degree. that unless He, who is King in Zion, do graciously and seasonably interpose for our relief, she is in no small danger of expiring outright, and that quickly, as to the form, order, and constitution of an organized church, which hath subsisted for above these thirty years past, in a very great degree of comely order and sweet harmony, until of late.

Reverend Fathers and Brethren, we hereby humbly and solemnly protest, in the presence of the great and eternal God, and his elect angels, as well as in the presence of all here present, and particularly to you, Reverend Brethren, in our own names, and in the names of all, both ministers and people, who shall adhere to us, as follows:

1. We protest that it is the indispensable duty of this Synod, to maintain and stand by the principles of doctrine, worship, and government, of the Church of Christ, as the same are summed up in the Confession of Faith, Catechisms, and Directory, composed by the Westminster Assembly, as being agreeable to the word of God, and which this Synod have owned, acknowledged, and adopted, as may appear by our synodical records of the years 1729, 1736, which we desire to be read publicly.

2. We protest that no person, minister, or elder, should be allowed to sit and vote in this Synod, who hath not received, adopted, or subscribed, the said Confessions, Catechisms, and Directory, as our Presbyteries respectively do, according to our last Explication of the adopting act; or who is either accused or convicted, or may be convicted, before this Synod, or any of our Presbyteries, of holding or maintaining any doctrine, or who act and persist in any practice, contrary to any of those doctrines, or rules contained in said Directory, or contrary to any of the known rights of Presbytery, or orders made or agreed to by this Synod, and which stand yet unrepealed, unless, or until he renounce such doctrine, and being found guilty, acknowledge, confess, and profess his sorrow for such sinful disorder, to the satisfaction of this Synod, or such inferior judicatory as the Synod shall appoint or empower for that purpose.