in Boston at that time, was considered doubtiul. However, this brother called the meeting, and to the surprise of almost everybody the place was not only crowded, but multitudes could not get in at all. This meeting was continued, day after day, with wonderful results. The place was, from the first, too strait for them, and other daily meetings were established in other parts of the city.

Mrs. Finney held ladies' meetings daily at the large vestry of Park street. These meetings became so crowded, that the ladies would fill the room, and then stand about the door on the outside, as far as they could hear on every side.

One of our daily prayer-meetings was held at Park street church, which would be full whenever it was open for prayer; and this was the case with many other meetings in different parts of the city. The population, large as it was, seemed to be moved throughout. The revival became too general to keep any account at all of the number of conversions, or to allow of any estimate being made that would approximate the truth. All classes of people were inquiring everywhere. Many of the Unitarians became greatly interested, and attended our meetings in large numbers.

This revival is of so recent date that I need not enlarge upon it, because it became almost universal throughout the Northern states. A divine influence seemed to pervade the whole land. Slavery seemed to shut it out from the South. The people there were in such a state of irritation, of vexation, and of committal to their peculiar institution, which had come to be assailed on every side, that the Spirit of God seemed to be grieved away from them. There seemed to be no place found for him in the hearts of the Southern people at that time. It was estimated that during this revival not less than five hundred thousand souls were converted in this country.

As I have said, it was carried on very much through the instrumentality of prayermeetings, personal visitation and conversation, by the distribution of tracts, and by the energetic efforts of the laity, men and women. Ministers nowhere opposed it that I am aware of. I believe they universally s mpathized with it. But there was such a general confidence in the prevalence of prayer, that the people very extensively seemed to pre'er meetings for prayer to meetings for preaching. The general impression seemed to be, 'We have had ir struction until we are hardened; it is time for us to pray.' The answers to prayer were constant, and so striking as to arrest the attention of the people generally throughout the land. It was evident that in answer to prayer the windows of heaven were opened and the Spirit of God poured out like a flood. The New York Tribune at that time published several extras, filled with accounts of the progress of the revival in different parts of the United States."

Text-Memoirs of Rev. Charles G. Finney, written by Himself, pp. 441-444.

CHAPTER XXII

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE NATIONAL PERIOD

Bibliography

Of historians who have dealt in a comprehensive way with the period under consideration, the more notable is John Gilmary Shea, who has three books which form volumes II, III and IV of his "History of the Catholic Church in the United States." They are as follows: "Life and Times of the Most Reverend John Carroll . . . embracing the History of the Catholic Church in the United States, 1763-1815" (1888): "History of the Catholic Church in the United States from the Division of the Diocese of Baltimore, 1808, and the Death of Archbishop Carroll. 1816, to the Fifth Provincial Council of Baltimore, 1843" (1890); “History of the Catholic Church in the United States from the Fifth Provincial Council of Baltimore, 1843, to the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, 1866" (1892). In the "American Church History Series," (Vol. IX, 1893) Professor Thomas O'Gorman contributes "A History of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States." His work, while useful, does not compare with the more exhaustive treatment of Shea. "The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church in the United States" (1886) by Shea has considerable general information on this period. "Three-quarters of a Century (1807 to 1882), A Retrospect . . . (1904) by Rev. A. J Thebaud, S.J. edited by C. G. Herbermann has considerable data (Vol. III) relating to Roman Catholic problems and development, during the first half of the nineteenth century.

On archbishop Carroll and the organization of the hierarchy, one may profitably begin with the "Documents relative to the Adjustment of the Roman Catholic Organization in the United States to the Conditions of National Independence" contributed by Carl R. Fish ("Amer. Hist. Rev." Vol. XV, No. 4). These documents in translated form may be consulted under "Propaganda Documents" in the "Rec. Amer. Cath. His. Soc.," Vol. XXI. Much light is thrown upon Carroll in "Correspondence between the Sees of Quebec and Baltimore 1788-1847" edited with notes by Abbe Lionel Lindsay (ibid. Vol. XVIII); "Miscellaneous Letters to Bishop John Carroll 1784-1815" with notes by

Rev.E. I. Devitt, S.J. (ibid. Vol. XIX); and "Letters from the Archdiocesan Archives at Baltimore, 1787-1815" edited by Rev. E. I. Devitt, S.J. (ibid. Vol. XX). The following biographical studies should be consulted: “The Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll" by Bernard Campbell ("Cath. Magazine" Vols. IV and VI); "The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton 1737-1832, with his Correspondence and Public Papers" (II Vols. 1897) by Kate M. Rowland; "The Rev. Lawrence Graessel" by H. Herbermann, ("Hist. Rec. & Studies" Vol. VIII); and "Father Ferdinand Farmer, S.J. An Apostolic Missionary... "by Rev. J. F. Quick. Many of Carroll's letters are accessible in the "Amer. Cath. Hist. Rev." for the years 1897 to 1900.

On Georgetown College, it will be profitable to consult "Memorial of the First Centenary of Georgetown Colleg, D.C., And an Account of the Centennial Celebration by a Member of the Faculty" (1891) by J. G. Shea, D.D.

On Bishop Conwell, the following is suggested: "Correspondence Between Bishop Conwell of Philadelphia and Bishop Plessis of Quebec 1821-1825" ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XXII); "Life of Bishop Conwell of Philadelphia" by Martin I. J. Griffin ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XXIV-XXVI); "Bishop Conwell of Philadelphia, and Rev. William Hogan" ("Amer. Cath. Hist. Rev. 1896)".

Trusteeism is discussed in "The Anti-Catholic Riots in Philadelphia ("Amer. Cath. Hist. Rev." 1896); and "Evils of Trusteeism" by Rev. G. C. Treacy, S.J. ("Hist. Rec. & Studies," Vol. VIII).

Cardinal Cheverus and the school question may be studied in "Some Friendly Letters (from A.D. 1814 to 1823) from Cardinal Cheverus, First Bishop of Boston" edited by Isabel O'Reilly ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XIV.) Another series (1823-1836) may be consulted in the "Records" Vol. XV.

Bishop England's "Works" (V Volumes) are the most valuable source for a study of this significant ecclesiastic. "Letters from the Right Reverend John England D.D. to the Honorable William Gaston. LL.D." ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc. Vols. XVIII and XIX) are worth consulting. Many of his letters are reprinted (ibid. Vol. VII and VIII) among "Papers Relating to the Church in America". "St. Mary's Church, Charleston, South Carolina" (1898) by T. F. Hopkins has some information.

The Know-Nothing Movement may be understood from the following: "History of the Know-Nothing Party in Maryland" by L. F. Schmeckebier ("J. H. U. Studies" Ser. XVII, Nos. 4 and 5); “A

Know-Nothing Legislature" by G. H. Haynes (Ann. Rep. Amer. Hist. Ass. year 1896, Sec. VII); "The Causes of Know-Nothing Success in Massachusetts" by the same writer (Amer. Hist. Rev. Vol. III, No. 1); "The Origin and Progress of the American Party in Politics" (1855) by John Hancock Lee; and "Constitutional Freedom of Religion and the Revivals of Religious Intolerance" by Peter Condon ("Hist. Rec. & Studies" Vols. II, III, and IV).

Archbishop Hughes should be studied in his "Works"; also "Letters of Father John Hughes" ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XXI); his letters to Governor Seward on the school question (ibid. vol. XXIII); "History of the Common School System of the State of New York from its Origin in 1795 to the Present Time including the Various City and other Organizations, and the Religious Controversies of 1821, 1832, and 1840" (1871) by S. S. Randall; "The History of the Public School Society of the City of New York" (1873) by Wm. Oland Bourne; "Letters to the Rev. John Hughes. "(1855) by Kirwan; "Letters of Sister Saint Augustine Relative to the Burning of the Convent" contributed by Peter Condon ("Hist. Rec. and Studies" Vol. IV); "Religious Education in the Public Schools of the State and City of New York" by Arthur J. Hall (Doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Chicago, 1914).

On the extension of the Catholic Church into Kentucky and the Middle West during the first quarter of the nineteenth century, in addition to Carroll, O'Gorman, and Thebaud as above, the following will give abundant detail: "Sketches of the Early Catholic Missions of Kentucky" (1844) by M. J. Spalding; "The Centenary of Catholicity in Kentucky" (1884) by B. J. Webb; "History of the Catholic Church in the Diocese of Pittsburgh and Alleghany" (1880) by Rev. A. A. Lambing: "Letters from the Archepiscopal Archives at Baltimore" with notes by the Rev. E. I. Devitt ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XX); "Correspondence Between the Most Reverend Joseph Octavius Plessis . . . and the Reverend Joseph Flaget . . ." (ibid. Vol XVIII); “Letters from the Baltimore Archives" annotated by Rev. E. I. Devett (ibid. Vol. XIX); "Diary of Reverend Father Marie Joseph Durand" translated by Ella M. Flick (ibid. Vol. XXVI); "Parish Registers of Prairie du Chien, Galena . . ."translated by Isabel O'Reilly (ibid. Vol. XXII); "The Church in Kentucky" (letters) by Rev. S. T. Badin (ibid. Vol. XXIII); "Sketches of the Early Catholic Missions in Kentucky from their Commencement in 1785 to the Jubilee of 1826-27", author not specified; "The First Three Catholic Churches in Zanesville, Ohio" by R. J. J. Harkins ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XXV);

"Gethsamene, Ky. the Home of Trappist Monks" by Caroline M. Berry ("Americana" Vol. IX, pp. 496-506).

For developments in the Middle West during the second quarter of the century, the following is suggested: "The Church in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland from 1817 . . . to 1877" (1888) by Geo. F. Houck; "Eizbishop Johann Martin Henni, D. D. Ein Lebensbild aus der Pionier Zeit von Ohio und Wisconsin" (1888) by Rev. N. Marti O. S. B.; "Letters Concerning Some Missions of the Mississippi Valley (1818-1827)" translated by N. dos Santos, ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XIV); "Selections from the Correspondence of the Late Mark Anthony Frenay" (ibid. Vols. XIII and XIV); "Letters of Reverend P. J. De Smet, S. J. . . ." translated by J. E. Cahalan ("Hist. Rec. and Studies" Vol. V.); "Some Correspondence Relating to the Diocese of New Orleans and St. Louis, 1818-1843," with notes by Abbe Lionel Lindsay ("Rec. Amer. Cath. Hist. Soc." Vol. XIX); "The Diocese of St. Louis in Gleanings from Early Catholic Journals" communicated by Rev. J. H. O'Donnell ("Hist. Rec. and Studies" Vol. II, Part II); "Sketches of the Life, Times and Character of Right Reverend Benedict Joseph Flaget, First Bishop of Louisville" (1852) by M. J. Spalding, D. D.; "Memoirs, Historical and Edifying of a Missionary Apostolic of the Order of Saint Dominic" (1915, deals with Father S. E. Mazzuchelli, see also "Coll. State Hist. Soc. of Wisc." Vol. XIV, pp. 155-162); "Life and Labors of Rev. Frederic Baraga ." (1900) by P. C. Verwyst; "Documents Relating to the Catholic Church in Green Bay and the Mission of Little Chute, 1825-1840" edited by R. G. Thwaites (“Coll. State Hist. Soc. Wisc." Vol. XIV); "The Mission to the Owabache" by Jacob P. Dunn ("Pubs. Indiana Hist. Soc." Vol. III, No. IV).

On the extension of Catholicism in the West, there is literature as follows. "The Life of Rev. Charles Nerinckz . . ." (1879) by 1 ev I C. P. Maes; "History of the Trappist Abbey of New Milleray, Dubuque County, Iowa" (1892) by W. R. Perkins; "Life and Writings of the Right Reverend John McMullen, Bishop of Davenport, Iowa" (n.d.) by Rev. I. McGovern; "History of the Catholic Church in Iowa" (Part I, 1888) by Rev. J. F. Kemper; "Catholic Missionaries in the Early and in the Territorial Days in Iowa" by same writer ("Annals of Iowa," Series III, Vol. X, pp. 54-62); "Right Reverend Mathias Loras, D. D., First Bishop of Dubuque," by Rev. B. C. Lenehan (ibid. Vol. III, pp. 577-600); "Recollections of the First Catholic Missions in Central Missouri" by Rev. J. H. Schmidt ("Mo. Hist. Rev." Vol. V, pp. 83-93); "A Catholic University and Its Founders" by Rev. M. J. O'Connor, S. J.