of such Territorial superintendent of district schools are hereby suspended until the further action of Congress shall be had in respect thereto. The said superintendent shall have power to prohibit the use in any district school of any book of a sectarian character or otherwise unsuitable. Said superintendent shall collect and classify statistics and other information respecting the district and other schools in said Terri tory, showing their progress, the whole number of children of school age, the number who attend school in each year in the respective counties, the average length of time of their attendance, the number of teachers and the compensation paid to the same, the number of teachers who are Mormons, the number who are so-called gentiles, the number of children of Mormon parents and the number of children of so-called gentile parents, and their respective average attendance at school; all of which statistics and information shall be annually reported to Congress, through the governor of said Territory and the Department of the Interior.

SEC. 26. That all religious societies, sects, and congregations shall have the right to have and to hold, through trustees appointed by any court exercising probate powers in a Territory, only on the nomination of the authorities of such society, sect, or congregation, so much real property for the erection or use of houses of worship, and for such parsonages and burial grounds as shall be necessary for the convenience and use of the several congregations of such religious society, sect, or congregation.

SEC. 27. That all laws passed by the so-called State of Deseret and by the legis lative assembly of the Territory of Utah for the organization of the militia thereof or for the creation of the Nauvoo Legion are hereby annulled, and declared of no effect; and the militia of Utah shall be organized and subjected in all respects to the laws of the United States regulating the militia in the Territories: Provided, however, That all general officers of the militia shall be appointed by the governor of the Territory, by and with the advice and consent of the council thereof. The legislative assembly of Utah shall have power to pass laws for organizing the militia thereof, subject to the approval of Congress."

Text-Statutes at Large, Forty-Ninth Congress, Second Session, pp. 635-641.

The Woodruff Manifesto, Sept. 25, 1890

"To Whom it May Concern:

Press dispatches having been sent for political purposes, from Salt Lake City. which have been widely published, to the effect that the Utah Commission, in their recent report to the Secretary of the Interior, allege that plural marriages are still being solemnized and that forty or more such marriages have been contracted in Utah since last June or during the past year; also that in public discourses the leaders of the Church have taught, encouraged and urged the continuance of the practice of polygamy;

I, therefore, as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, do hereby, in the most solemn manner, declare that these charges are false. We are not teaching polygamy, or plural marriage, nor permitting any person to enter into its practice, and I deny that either forty or any other number of plural marriages have. during that period, been solemni. ed in our temples or in any other place in the Territory.

One case has been reported, in which the parties alleged that the marriage was performed in the Endowment House, in Salt Lake City, in the spring of 1889, but I

have not been able to learn who performed the ceremony; whatever was done in this matter was without my knowledge. In consequence of this alleged occurrence the Endowment House was, by my instructions, taken down without delay.

Inasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural marriages, which laws have been pronounced constitutional by the court of last resort, I hereby declare my intention to submit to those laws, and to use my influence with the members of the Church over which I preside to have them do likewise.

There is nothing in my teachings to the Church or in those of my associates, during the time specified, which can reasonably be construed to include or encourage polygamy, and when any Elder of the Church has used language which appeared to convey such teaching he has been promptly reproved. And I now publicly declare that my advice to the Latter-day Saints is to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land.

(Signed) WILFORD WOODRUFF President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.”

Text-Deseret News, Oct. 4, 1890, p. 476.

CHAPTER XXIV

THE JEWS
Bibliography

The first student of Jewish history in America was Judge C. P. Daly who published in the "Jewish Times" (1875c.) a series of articles on the "Settlement of the Jews in North America." This was afterwards (1893) published in book form. "Statistics of the Jews in the United States" (1880) by W. B. Hackenburg and Simon Wolf has considerable material other than statistics. Other general historical works are "Hebrews in America" (1888) by Isaac Markens; and "The Jews in America: A Short History of their Part in the Building of the Republic" (1905) by Madison C. Peters, D.D.. "The Immigrant Jew in America" (1907) by E. J. James and others, discusses the general aspects of Jewish life, its religious activities, philanthropic, economic, industrial and educational interests. It is therefore a very valuable work. "The Russian Jew in the United States" (1905), edited by C. S. Bernheimer resembles the work of James in conception but limits its investigation to New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. A short article of general character is "The German-Jewish Migration to America" by Max. J. Kohler ("Pubs. Amer. Jewish Hist. Soc." No. IX, pp. 87-105). Some useful material is incorporated in the "Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Jews in the United States. Addresses and Selected Editorial Utterances" (ibid. No. XIV). "Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910" by Samuel Joseph ("Columbia University Studies . . . in History " Vol. LIV, No.

4) fills an important place.

.

For New York the following is available: "Phases of Jewish Life in New York before 1800" by Max. J. Kohler (Pub. Amer. Jewish Hist. Soc." No. II, pp. 77-93; No. III, pp. 73-86); "Points in the First Chapter of New York Jewish History" by A. M. Dyer (ibid. No. III, pp. 41-60); "Civil Status of the Jews in Colonial New York" by Max J. Kohler (ibid. No. VI, pp. 81-106); "Whence Came the First Jewish Settlers of New York" by Leon Hühner (ibid. No. IX, pp. 75-85); "Items Relating

to the History of the Jews of New York" by N. T. Phillips (ibid. Vol. XI, pp. 149-161); "The Early History of the Jews in New York, 1654-1664. Some New Matter on the Subject" by Samuel Oppenheim (ibid. Vol. XVIII, pp. 1-91-several important documents); "The Jews in New York" by R. Wheatley ("The Century" January and February, 1892).

On Pennsylvania there is "Jews in Philadelphia Previous to the Year 1800" (1883) by H. P. Rosenbach; "Jews of Philadelphia" (1894) by H. S. Morais; "Notes on the First Settlement of Jews in Pennsylvania 1655-1703" by A. S. Rosenbach ("Pubs. Amer. Jewish Hist. Soc." No. V, pp. 191-198); "The Beginnings of Russian Immigration to Pennsylvania" by Davis Sulzberger (ibid. No. XIX, pp. 125-150); "The Jews of New Jersey from the Earliest Times to 1850" by A. M. Friedenberg (ibid. Vol. XVII, pp. 33-43).

New England seems to have only three studies: "The Jews in Newport" by Max J. Kohler (ibid. No. VI, pp. 61-80); "The Jews in New England (Other than Rhode Island) Prior to 1800" by Leon Hühner (ibid., No. XI, pp. 75-99); "The Jews in Boston till 1875" by Joseph Lebowich (ibid., No. XII, pp. 101-112).

On Maryland there is "Some Unpublished Material Relating to Doctor Jacob Lumbrozo of Maryland" by J. H. Hollander (ibid., No. I, pp. 25-40); “The Civil Status of the Jews in Maryland, 1634-1776" by the same writer (ibid., No. II, pp. 33-44); "Unequal Religious Rights in Mary and since 1776" by B. H. Hartogensis (ibid., No. XXV, pp. 93107).

On Virginia there is "The Jews of Virginia from the Earliest Times to the Close of the Eighteenth Century" (ibid., No. XX, pp. 85-105), by Leon Hühner and "The History of the Jews of Richmond, 1769– 1917" (1917) by H. T. Ezekiel.

The Carolinas have "The Jews of South Carolina" (IV sections, 1695 to 1800) and "A History of the Congregation Beth Elohim . . . "by Rabbi B. A. Elzas (1902); "The Jews of South Carolina from the Earliest Settlement to the End of the American Revolution" by Leon Hühner (ibid., No. XII, pp. 39-61); "The Struggle for Religious Liberty in North Carolina, with Special Reference to the Jews" by the same writer (ibid., Vol. XVI, pp. 37-71).

Georgia has four studies: "The Settlement of the Jews in Georgia" by C. C. Jones (ibid., No. I, pp. 5-13); "The Jews of Georgia in Colonial Times" by Leon Hühner (ibid., No. X, pp. 65-95); "The Jews of Georgia from the Outbreak of the American Revolution to the Close of the Eighteenth Century" by the same author (ibid., No. XVII, pp. 89-108);

"Some Notes on the Early History of the Sheftalls of Georgia" by E. H. Abrahams (ibid., No. XVII, pp. 167-186).

On the Middle and Farther West the following is recommended: "Settlement of the Jews in Texas" by Rev. Henry Cohen (ibid., No. II. pp. 139-156; No. IV, pp. 9-19); "The Jewish Pioneers of the Ohio Valley" by D. Philipson (ibid., No. VIII, pp. 44-57); "The Jews of Chicago ̈ by H. Eliassof (ibid., No. XI, pp. 117-130); "A History of the Jews of Mobile" by Rabbi A. G. Moses (ibid., XII, pp. 113-125); “A History of the Jews of Montgomery" by the same writer (ibid., No. XIII, pp. 83-88); "Jewish Beginnings in Michigan before 1850" by D. E. Heineman (ibid., No. XIII, pp. 47-70); "Some Jewish Factors in the Settlement of the West" by Max J. Kohler (ibid., XVI, pp. 23-35).

The attitude of the Jews to the slave issue and the Civil War appears in the following: "The Jews and the American Anti-Slavery Movement" by Max Kohler (ibid., No. V, pp. 137-155; No. IX, pp. 45-56); "The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen" (1895) by Simon Wolf; "Lincoln and the Jews" by Isaac Markens (ibid., No. XVII, pp. 109-165).

Miscellaneous studies of interest are as follows: "Jews in Connection with the Colleges of the Thirteen Original States Prior to 1800” by Leon Hühner (ibid., No. XIX, pp. 101-124); "The Problem of Jewish Education in America and the Bureau of Education of the Jewish Community of New York City" by Israel Friedlander ("United States Bureau of Education." Report 1913. Vol. I, Chapter XVI.); "The Jews and the American Sunday Laws" by A. M. Friedenberg (ibid., No. XI, pp. 101-115); "Jewish Philanthropy; An Exposition of Principles and Methods of Jewish Social Life on the United States" (1917) by Boris D. Bogen.

Studies bearing more specifically upon the religious aspects of Jewish life are as follows: "Some Early American Zionist Projects" by Max J. Kohler (ibid., No. VIII, pp. 75-118--important documents); "Phases in the History of Religious Liberty in America, with Special Reference to the Jews" by Max J. Kohler (ibid., No. XI, 53-73; No. XIII, pp. 7-36); “The Congregation Shearith Israel" by N. T. Phillips (ibid., No. VI, pp. 123-140); "Site of the First Synagogue of the Congregation Shearith Israel of New York" by A. M. Dyer (ibid., No. VIII, pp. 25-41); "The History of the First Russian-American Jewish Congregation" by J. D. Eisenstein (ibid., No. IX, pp. 63-74); Notes on the History of the Earliest German Jewish Congregation in America" by Rev. Henry Berkowitz (ibid., No. IX, pp. 123-127); "The Earliest Extant Minute Books of the