Chaos retired, As from her outmost works a broken foe. Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 1038. If any man suppose that it is not reflected by the air, but by the outmost superficial parts of the glass, there is still the same difficulty.-Sir I. Newton, On Opticks. The generality of men are readier to fetch a reason from the immense distance of the starry heavens, and the outmost walls of the world.-Bentley. Outnáme. v. a. Exceed in naming or describing. Thou hast raised up mischief to this height, Oútness. s. externality. OUTR Mean time he sadly suffers in their grief, Outpreách. v. a. Exceed in the power of preaching. You would be very eloquent: able to outpreach all the orators you ever heard from the pulpit, to write more pathetical descriptions of the madness of a carnal life than from any more innocent specu lator could be hoped for.-Hammond, Works, iv. 517. Outpríze. v. a. Exceed in the value set upon it. Either your unparagon'd mistress is dead, or Shakespear, Cymbeline, i. 5. Who Death] in the horror of the grisly night, In thousand dreadful shapes doth 'mongst them stalke, OUTR 3. Enormous; atrocious. Think not, although in writing I preferr'd Shakespear, Henry VI. Part I. iii. 1. Outrágiously. adv. In an outrageous man ner. 1. Violently; tumultuously; furiously. And makes huge havock, whiles the candlelight Out-quenched leaves no skill nor difference of wight. Spenser, Faerie Queen, b. xi. c. vi. (Rich.) 2. Oútrage. s. (This word had formerly the accent on either syllable: it is now constantly on the first). Now the elementary notion of outness or externality of the cause of sensational change, is undoubt-¦1. edly formed by a law of our mental nature, and must be regarded as a mental instinct or intuition. We do not infer the existence of objective realities by any act of the reason; in fact, the strict application of logical processes tends rather to shake than to confirm the belief in the external world; but the qualities of matter are directly and immediately recognized by our minds, and we then go on to shape the information we have thus acquired into a definite notion of the objects Dr. Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology, § 790: 1853. As to the first [a property of the retina], any luminous impression on the retina at once excites the perception of outness. It is impossible to say to what point this outness is relative. C. M. Ingleby, On the Psychology of the Senses, Externality, § 12: 1864. It appears, then, that the retina affords the perception of outness of any impression made upon it, but the distance perceived is equivocal.—Ibid. § 14. Any luminous impression on the retina at once excites the perception of outness. It is impossible to say to what point this outness is relative.-Id., Introduction to Metaphysics, Externality, b. i. § 12, p. 10: 1864. Outnumber. v. a. Exceed in number. The ladies came in so great a body to the opera, that they outnumbered the enemy.-Addison, Spec tator. Outpárish. s. walls. Parish not lying within the In the greater outparishes many of the poorer parishioners, through neglect, do perish for want of some heedful eye to overlook them.-Graunt, Observations on the Bills of Mortality. Oútpart. s. Part remote from the centre or main body. He is appointed to supply the bishop's jurisdiction and other judicial offices in the outparts of his diocese.-Ayliffe, Parergon Juris Canonici. Outpoíse. v. a. Outweigh. If your parts of virtue and your infirmities were cast into a balance, I know the first would much outpoise the other.-Howell, Letters, i. 5, 11. Oútporch. 8. 2. Open violence; tumultuous mischief. To fly the vengeance for his outrage due. Spenser. He has been known to commit outrages, Shakespear, Timon of Athens, iii. 5. Uncharitably with me have you dealt, And shamefully my hopes by you are butcher'd; My charity is outrage. Id., Richard III. i. 3. Used in the following extract for mere commotion, without any ill import, contrary to the universal use of writers. See with what outrage from the frosty north, The early valiant Swede draws forth his wings In battailous array. A. Philips. Outrage. v. a. Injure violently or contumeliously; insult roughly and tumultuously. Ah heavens! that do this hideous act behold, And heavenly virgin thus outraged see; How can the vengeance just so long withhold! Spenser. The news put divers young bloods into such a fury, as the English embassadors were not without peril to be outraged.—Bacon, History of the Reign of Henry VII. Base and insolent minds outrage men, when they have hope of doing it without a return.-Bishop Atterbury. This interview outrages all decency; she forgets her modesty, and betrays her virtue, by giving too long an audience.-Broome. Oútrage. v. n. Commit exorbitancies. Rare. Three or four great ones in court will outrage in apparel, huge hose, monstrous hats, and garish colours. Ascham. Outrágious. adj. [Fr. outrageux.] 1. Violent; furious; raging; exorbitant; tumultuous; turbulent. Tyrannye is seygnorye vyolent and oultrageous.- As she went her tongue did walk, In foul reproach and terms of vile despight, To heap more vengeance on that wretched wight. Spenser. They view'd the vast immeasurable abyss, Outrageous as a sea, dark, wasteful, wild. Milton, Paradise Lost, vii. 211. When he knew his rival freed and gone, He swells with wrath; he makes outragious moan: He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground; The hollow tow'r with clamours rings around. Dryden, Palamon and Arcite, i. 414. [It should, I think, be written outrageous; but the custom seems otherwise. (Dr. Johnson.) So far from custom being otherwise, I find the ancient form of the word to be with -eous, and not -ious. Milton writes it both ways; in the passage cited, outrageous. See also Outragiously, and Outragiousness, where the termination of -eous is abundantly shown. Our old lexicography has also this form.-Todd.] 2. Excessive; passing reason or decency. The outragious decking of temples and churches with gold and silver.-Book of Homilies, Sermon against Idolatry, pt. i. My characters of Antony and Cleopatra, though they are favourable to them, have nothing of outragious panegyrick.-Dryden, Translation of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting. That people will have colour of employment given them, by which they will poll and spoil so outragiously, as the very enemy cannot do worse.-Spenser, View of the State of Ireland. In labour of her grief outrageously distract. Drayton, Polyolbion, song vi. Let lust burn never so outrageously for the present, yet age will in time chill those heats.-South, Sermons. I am not one of those who think that the people are never in the wrong: they have been so, frequently and outrageously, both in other countries and in this,-Burke, On the Cause of the present Discontents. Excessively. Dispende not too outrageously, nor be not too scarce, so that thou be not bounde to thy tresour. Have therin attempraunce, and mesure, whiche in all thynges is prouffy table.-Lord Rivers, Dictes and Sayings, sign. B. vii. Outrágiousness. s. Attribute suggested by Outragious; fury; violence. Outrageousness is not enduryng.-Lord Rivers, Dictes and Sayings, sign. F. viii. It would bridle the outragiousness of the flesh.— Book of Homilies, Sermon on the Passion, p. ii. Virgil, more discreet than Homer, has contented himself with the partiality of his deities, without bringing them to the outragiousness of blows,Dryden. Outráze. v. a. Root out entirely. Yet shall the axe of justice hew him down, And level with the root his lofty crown: No eye shall his outrazed impression view, Nor mortal know where such a glory grew. Sandys, Paraphrase of Job. Outré. adj. [Fr.] Extravagant; overstrained: (condemned by Todd as a most affected and needless introduction of modern times'). As Dr. South was a severe satirist, we must make some allowance for this description, which he has made somewhat outré to answer his purpose.Granger, Biographical History, p. 217: 2d ed. 1775. Although this panegyric be somewhat outré, I am willing to subscribe to it.-Dr. Geddes, Letter to the Bishop of London: 1787. Outreách. v. u. Go beyond. This usage is derived from so many descents of ages, that the cause and author outreach remembrance.-Carew. Our forefathers could never dream so high a crime as parricide, whereas this outreaches that fact, and exceeds the regular distinctions of murder.—Sir T. Browne. Outreáson. v. a. Excel in reasoning; reason beyond. They step forth men of another spirit, great linguists, powerful disputants, able to cope with the Jewish Sanhedrim, to baffle their profoundest Rabbies, and to outreason the very Athenians.-South, Sermons, vii. 35. Outréckon. v. a. Exceed in assumed computation. The Egyptian priests pretended an exact chronology for some myriads of years; and the Chaldeans and Assyrians far outreckon them.-Bishop Pearson, Exposition of the Creed, art. i. Outreígn. v. a. Reign through the whole of. In wretched prison long he did remaine, Till they outreigned had their utmost date. Spenser, Faerie Queen, ii. 10, 45. Outride. v. a. Pass by in riding. It boots not to persuade your majesty to betake yourself to your chariot, to outride the shower.Bishop Hall, Way of Peace, dedication. If you will send me to the farthest sea Dryden. Outride. v. n. Travel about on horseback, or in a vehicle. By distance of place being rendered incapable of paying our respects to him, I am become a suitor to you to constitute an outriding lion, or (if you please) a jackall or two, to receive and remit our homage in a more particular manner than is hitherto provided. -Addison, Guardian, no. 118. The security with which he chose to prosecute OUTR even this favourite, and, in ordinary case, somewhat dangerous amusement, as well as the rest of his equipage, marked King James. No attendant was within sight; indeed, it was often a nice strain of flattery to permit the sovereign to suppose he had outridden and distanced all the rest of the chase.Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel. Outrider. s. 1. Suinmoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. 2. One who travels about on horseback or in a vehicle. There is needful to be an outrider, or riding surveyor, whose business should be to visit the ports and fleets.-Maydman, Naval Speculations, p. 119: 1691. Outrigger. s. Boat of which the rowlocks lie beyond the side: (applied to certain canoes in which a platform or some like outlying work lies beyond the sides). Mr. Blaxland... says, "That the canoes of the Papua, or woolly-haired race, are always single, with outriggers; those of the straight-haired Polynesians generally double. The canoes of the Solomon Islands have elevated prows and sterns, inlaid with mother-of-pearl, carrying from forty to sixty men; but being of very frail construction, and the planks very thin, they only ventured in calm weather so much as ten miles from land. The paddles are five feet long; on the north shore of New Guinea he has seen canoes ornamented by large heads at the bow and stern, From these countries the canoes of the woolly-haired races degenerate towards the east, till at New Caledonia they are only fit for the quiet water inside the reefs; and the people of Erroo manga and Tanna have no canoes whatever.... On the north-east coast of Australia, which the islanders frequently traverse for very considerable distances, and which I am almost inclined to suspect they have in some places colonized, canoes forined of hollow trees, with outriggers, were met with. At Rockingham Bay, in lat. 18°, these were no longer to be seen, but very fairly-formed bark canoes were found.-Jukes, Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. Fly, vol. ii. ch. ix. 2. Completely. By degrees accomplish'd in the beast, She neigh'd outright, and all the steed exprest. Addison, Translation from Ovid, Metamorphoses, b. ii. Outríval. v. a. Surpass in excellence. There have been finer things spoken of Augustus than of any other man, all the wits of his age having tried to outrival one another upon that subject.Addison, Guardian, no. 138. Oútroad. s. Excursion. Rare. He set horsemen and footmen, to the end that, issuing out, they might make outroads upon the ways of Judea.-1 Maccabees, xv. 41. Outroár. v. a. Exceed in roaring. Rare. O that I were Outrun the constable. Exceed one's income; | 3. Superficial appearance. get into debt. Outrúsh. v. n. Rush out. Kare. Forthwith out-rushed a gust, which backward bore Outsaíl. v. a. Leave behind in sailing. Beaumont and Fletcher, Wit without Money. Oútscape. s. Escape. Rare. It past Our powres to lift aside a log so vast, As barr'd all outscape. Chapman. JOUTRIDER OUTSKIP You shall find his vanities forespent Were but the outside of the Roman Brutus, Covering discretion with a coat of folly. Shakespear, Henry V. ii. 4. The ornaments of conversation, and the outside of fashionable manners, will come in their due time. -Locke. Created beings see nothing but our outside, and can therefore only frame a judgment of us from our exterior actions.-Addison, Spectator. Turn from the vagrant Arab and the agricultural Briton to a nation existing in a high state of artificial civilisation; the Chinese proverbs frequently allude to magnificent buildings. Affecting a more solemn exterior than all other nations, a favourite proverb with them is, 'A grave and majestic outside is, as it were, the palace of the soul.'-I. Disraeli, Curiosities of Literature, Philosophy of Proverbs. The utmost. Barbarous. ་ Two hundred load upon an acre, they reckon the outside of what is to be laid.--Mortimer, Husbandry. Bear down or confront by 5. Person; external man. He strives in his little world of man t'outscorn The to and fro conflicting wind and rain. Shakespear, King Lear, iii. 1. Outséll. v. a. 1. 2. Exceed in the price for which a thing is sold; sell at a higher rate than another. It would soon improve to such a height as to outsell our neighbours, and thereby advance the proportion of our exported commodities. - Sir W. Temple. Gain a higher price. She stripp'd it from her arm-I see her yetHer pretty action did outsell her gift, And yet enrich'd it too; she gave it me, and said She prized it once. Shakespear, Cymbeline, ii. 4. Oútset. s. Opening; beginning. These masters, at least in the outset of their strains, were careful to preserve air.-Mason, Essays historical and critical on English Church Musick, p. 140. Outshine. v. a. 1. Emit lustre. By Shakspeare's, Jonson's, Fletcher's lines, Sir J. Denham, On the Death of Cowley. Beauty and greatness are so eminently joined in your royal highness, that it were not easy for any but a poet to determine which of them outshines the other.-Dryden. Homer does not only outshine all other poets in the variety, but also in the novelty of his characters. -Addison, We should see such as would outshine the rebellious part of their fellow-subjects, as much in their gallantry as in their cause.-Id., Freeholder. Such accounts are a tribute due to the memory of those only who have outshone the rest of the world by their rank as well as their virtues.-Bishop Atterbury. Happy you!... Whose charms as far all other nymphs outshine, As others' gardens are excell'd by thine. Pope, Vertumnus and Pomona, Outshoot. v. a. Since none, not ev'n our kings, approach their 1. Exceed in shooting. temples With any mark of war's destructive rage; But sacrifice unarm'd. Outrún. v. a. "Rowe, Ambitious Stepmother. 1. Leave behind in running. By giving the house of Lancaster leave to breathe, It will outrun you, father, in the end. Shakespear, Henry VI. Part III. i. 2. This advantage age from youth hath won, The forward youth Will learn to outshoot you in your proper bow. Dryden. 2. Shoot beyond. Men are resolved never to outshoot their forefathers' mark; but write one after another, and so the dance goes round in a circle.-Norris. Outshút. v. a. Exclude. Rare. He outshuts my prayer. 6. Fortune forbid, my outside have not charm'd her Shakespear, Twelfth Night, ii. 2. Your outside promiseth as much as can be expected from a gentleman.-Bacon. What admir'st thou, what transports thee so? An outside fair, no doubt, and worthy well Thy cherishing and thy love. Milton, Paradise Lost, viii. 567. Outer side; part not inclosed. I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the outside.-Spectator. If I should seem now and then to trifle upon the road, or should sometimes put on a fool's cap with a bell to it, for a moment or two as we pass along.don't fly off,-but rather courteously give me credit for a little more wisdom than appears upon my outside-and as we jog on, either laugh with me, or at me, or in short, do anything, - only keep your temper. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vol. i. ch. vi. You might have rumpled and crumpled, and doubled and creased, and fretted and fridged the outside of them all to pieces;-in short, you might have played the very devil with them, and at the same time, not one of the insides of them would have been one button the worse for all you had done to them.-Ibid., vol. iii. ch. iv. 'Perhaps he lives here, and is calling to me. I never thought of that. Can I open the door from the outside, I wonder. Yes, to be sure I can.'Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xxxvi. Tom Pinch's sister was governess in a family, a lofty family; perhaps the wealthiest brass and copper founders' family known to mankind. They lived at Camberwell; in a house so big and fierce, that its mere outside, like the outside of a giant's castle, struck terror into vulgar minds, and made bold persons quail. There was a great front gate; with a great bell, whose handle was in itself a note of admiration; and a great lodge; which being close to the house, rather spoilt the look-out certainly, but made the look-in tremendous.-Ibid., ch. ix. Used adjectivally. Now mind,' said a thin sharp voice in the dark. 'I and my son go inside, because the roof is full, but you agree only to charge us outside prices. It's quite understood that we won't pay more. Is it?' All right, sir,' replied the guard. Is there anybody inside now?' inquired the voice. Three passengers,' returned the guard. Then I ask the three passengers to witness this bargain, if they will be so good,' said the voice. My boy, I think we may safely get in.' In pursuance of which opinion, two people took their seats in the vehicle, which was solemnly licensed by Act of Parliament to carry any six persons who could be got in at the door. "That was lucky!' whispered the old man, when they moved on again. And a great stroke of policy in you to observe it. He, he, he! We couldn't have gone outside. I should have died of the rheumatism.'Ibid., ch. viii. Outsín. v. a. Sin beyond another. If upon that presumption we go on, we may outsin that season of grace and repentance, and become hardened therein. - Killingleck, Sermons, p. 229; 1730. Sit beyond the time of any Donne, Divine Poems, ch. iii. Outsít. v. a. Superficies; surface; external part. At once [she] invaded him with all her charms, Hold an arrow in a flame for the space of ten pulses, and when it cometh forth, those parts which were on the outsides of the flame are blacked and turned into a coal.-Bacon. 3 F thing; sit longer than another. He that prolongs his meals, and sacrifices his time, as well as his other conveniences, to his luxury, how quickly does he outsit his pleasure!-South, Sermons. Qútskin. 8. Surface. Rare. And those who cannot penetrate beyond outskíp. v. a. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Coronation, v. 1. (Rich.) Avoid by flight. Thou lost thyself, child Drusus, when thou thought'st Thou could'st outskip my vengeance, or outstand The power I had to crush thee into air. 401 B. Jonson, Sejanus OUTSKIRT OUTWARDS Oútskirt. S. OUTS Suburb; outpart. It [the plague] appeared to be only in the outskirts of the town, and in the most obscure alleys. -Lord Clarendon, Life, ii. 476. Outsleep. v. a. Sleep beyond. Lovers, to bed; 'tis almost fairy time: I fear we shall outsleep the coming morn. Shakespear, Midsummer-Night's Dream, v. 1, Outsoár. v. a. Soar beyond. Let them clog their wings with the remembrance of those who have outsoared them, not in vain opinion, but true worth.-Dr. H. More, Government of the Tongue, § 9. Outsoúnd. v. a. Exceed in sound. The hammers and melody of the instruments might outsound the din within him.-Hammond, Works, iv. 634. Outspeák. v. a. Speak something beyond; exceed. Rich stuffs and ornaments of household Shakespear, Henry VIII. iii. 2. Outspeéd. v. a. Outstrip in speed or velocity. Say, rushed the bold eagle exultingly forth The death-shot of foemen outspeeding he rode, Outspín. v. a. Ofttimes when Giles doth finde Let's teach ourselves that honourable stop Shakespear, Othello, ii. 3. With sails outspread we fly. Outspread. v. a. Outspring. v. n. Originate. As that there comen is to Tyrians court, Eneas, one outsprong of Trojan blood, To whom fair Dido would herself be wed. Pope. He got the start of them in point of obedience, and thereby out-stript them at length in point of knowledge.-South, Sermons. With such array Harpalice bestrode Her Thracian courser, and outstripp'd the rapid flood. Dryden, Translation of the Eneid, i. 441. Not so with Oates's party; and the time they lost in unfastening the gate, which none of them chose to leap, enabled Dick to put additional space betwixt them. It did not, however, appear to be his intention altogether to outstrip his pursuers; the chase seemned to give him excitement, which he was willing to prolong, as much as was consistent with his safety.-W. H. Ainsworth, Rookwood, b. iv. ch. iv. Outsubtle. v. a. Exceed in subtlety. Kare. The devil I think Cannot out-subtile thee. Outswear. v. a. Beaumont and Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2. (Rich.) Overpower by swearing. We shall have old swearing, But we'll outface them, and outswear them too. Shakespear, Merchant of Venice, iv. 2. Outsweát. v. a. Work out laboriously. Out upon't, caveat emptor; let the fool out-sweat it, that thinks he has got a catch on't.-Beaumont and Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. (Rich.) Outsweéten. v. a. Excel in sweetness. Thou shalt not lack The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose; nor The azured harebell, like thy veins; no, nor The leaf of eglantine, which, not to slander, Out-sweeten'd not thy breath. Shakespear, Cymbeline, iv. 2. Outswéll, v. a. Overflow. A sad text in a sadder time; in which the rivers of Babylon swelled not so high with inundation of water in the letter, as the waters in the metaphor, outswelling and breaking down their banks, have overflown both our church and state. - - Hewyt, Sermon, p. 185: 1658. = Outtálk. v. a. [the t doubled in sound as Surrey, Virgile, Eneis, b. iv. (Rich.) Outthrów. v. a. [the t double.] Eject. Cutstand. v. a. Outstáre. v. a. Face down; browbeat; outface with effrontery. I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, Shakespear, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. Milton, Paradise Lost, x. 851. A mountain, at whose verdant feet If thou wilt out-strip death, go cross the seas, And live with Richmond from the reach of hell. Shakespear, Richard III. iv. 1. Do not smile at me, that I boast her off; For thou shalt find she will out-strip all praise, And make it halt behind her. Id., Tempest, iv. 1. Thou both their graces in thyself hast more Out-stript than they did, all that went before. B. Jonson. My soul, more earnestly released, Will out-strip hers: as bullets flown before A later bullet may o'ertake, the powder being more. Donne. Spenser, Faerie Queen, iv. 2, 1. (Rich.) Outtongue. v. a. [the t double.] Bear down by noise. Let him do his spite, My services which I have done the signiory Shall outtongue his complaints. Shakespear, Othello, i. 2. Outtóp. v. a. [the t double.] Overtop; make of less importance; obscure. The treasurer began then to outtop me; and appeared to my thoughts likely enough, by his daring and boldness, in time to do as much to your grace.-Lord Keeper Williams, Letter, Cabala, p. 94: frages. Shakespear. Coriolanus, i. 6. Oh what may man within him hide, Though angel on the outward side! Id., Measure for Measure, iii. 1. His calls and invitations of us to that repentance, not only outward, in the ministry of the word, out also inward, by the motions of the spirit.-Whole Duty of Man. He took a low'ring leave: but who can tell What outward hate might inward love conceal? Dryden, Theodore and Honoria, 325. If this were ever his in outward being, Or but his own true love's projected shade, Now that at length by certain proof he knows That, whether real or a magic show, Whate'er it was, it is no longer so; Though heart be lonesome, hope laid low, Yet, lady, deem him not unblést; The certainty that struck hope dead Hath left contentment in her stead: And that is next to best! Coleridge. No wonder, when there is this contrast between the outward and the inward, that painful collisions come of it.-George Eliot (signature), The Mill on the Floss, b. iii. ch. v. Extrinsic; adventitious. Princes have their titles for their glories, An outward honour, for an inward toil. Shakespear, Richard III. i. 4. Part in peace, and having mourn'd your sin For outward Eden lost, find paradise within. Dryden, State of Innocence. 4. Foreign, not intestine. 5. It was intended to raise an outward war to join with some sedition within doors.-Sir J. Hayward. Tending to the outparts. The fire will force its outward way, Or, in the prison pent, consume the prey. 6. In Theology. spiritual. Dryden. Carnal; corporeal; not When the soul being inwardly moved to lift itself up by prayer, the outward man is surprized in some other posture; God will rather look to the inward motions of the mind, than to the outward form of the body.-Duppa. We may also pray against temporal punishments, that is, any outward affliction, but this with submission to God's will, according to the example of Christ.-Dr. H. More, Whole Duty of Man. Outward. s. External form. I do not think Shakespear, Cymbeline, i. 1. Outward. adv. Outwards; to foreign parts: (as A ship outward bound'). Oútwardly. adv. 1. Externally: (opposed to inwardly). Outvillain. v. a. Exceed in villany. Rare. 2. He hath outvillain'd villainy so far, that the rarity redeems him.-Shakespear, All's well that ends well, iv. 3. Outvoice. v. a. Outroar; exceed in cla- The English beach sea. That which inwardly each man should be, the church outwardly ought to testify.-Hooker, Ecclesiastical Polity. Grieved with disgrace, remaining in their fears: Yet th' inward touch their wounded honour hears. In appearance, not sincerely. Many wicked men are often touched with some inward reverence for that goodness which they cannot be persuaded to practise; nay, which they outwardly seem to despise.-Bishop Sprat. Oútwards, adv. Towards the outer parts. Do not black bodies conceive heat more easily from light than those of other colours do, by reason that the light falling on them is not reflected outwards, but enters the bodies, and is often reflected and refracted within them until it be stifled and lost-Sir I. Newton, On Opticks. To live, and to encrease his race, himself outwears. Donne, Progress of the Soul. 2. Pass tediously. By the stream, if I the night out-wear, Pope, Translation of the Odyssey, v. 601. 3. Last longer than something else. Outweéd. v. a. Extirpate as a weed. Wrath is a fire, and jealousy a weed: The sparks soon quench, the springing weed outweed. Spenser. Outweép. v. a. Exceed in weeping. Meanwhile he sadly suffers in their grief, Outweigh. v. a. These instruments require so much strength for the supporting of the weight to be moved, as may be equal unto it, besides that other super-added power whereby it is outweighed and moved.-Bishop Wilkins, Mathematical Magick. I tell you, my friend, that, were all my former sins doubled in weight and in dye, such a villany would have outglared and outweighed them all.-Sir W. Scott, The Pirate, ch. xxx. 2. Preponderate; excel in value or influence. If any think brave death out-weighs bad life, Let him express his disposition. Shakespear, Coriolanus, i. 6. All your care is for your prince I see, Your truth to him out-weighs your love to me. Dryden, Indian Emperor, ii. 2. Whenever he finds the hardship of his slavery out-weigh the value of his life, it is in his power, by resisting the will of his master, to draw on himself the death he desires.-Locke. The marriage of the clergy is attended with the poverty of some of them, which is balanced and outweighed by many single advantages.-Bishop Atterbury. Outwell. v. a. Pour out. Rare. As when old father Nilus gins to swell, With timely pride about the Ægyptian vale, His fattie waves do fertile slime outwell, And overflow each plain and lowly dale. Spenser. Oútwent. v. a. Outgo, to which word it is complementary in the past tense. See Wend. For frank, well ordered and continual hospitality, he outwent all shew of competence.--Carew. While you practised the rudiments of war, you outwent all other captains; and have since found none but yourself alone to surpass.-Dryden. Many knew him and ran afoot thither out of all cities, and outwent them, and came together unto him.-Mark, vi. 33. Outwin. v. a. Get out of. Rare. It is a darksome delve far under ground. Spenser, Faerie Queen, iv. 1, 20. Outwind. v. a. Extricate; unloose. Rare. Outwing. v. a. When shalt thou once outwind Young, Night Thoughts, night ix. Outwit. v. a. Cheat; overcome by stratagem. The truer hearted any man is, the more liable he is to be imposed on; and then the world calls it out-witting a man, when he is only out-knaved.Sir R. L'Estrange. Justice forbids defrauding, or going beyond our brother in any manner, when we can overreach and outwit him in the same.-Kettlewell. After the death of Crassus, Pompey found himself out-witted by Cesar and broke with him.Dryden. Nothing is more equal in justice, and indeed more natural in the direct consequence of effects and OUZE causes, than for men wickedly wise to out-wit themselves; and for such as wrestle with Providence, to trip up their own heels.-South, Sermons. He was deeply learned, without possessing useful knowledge; sagacious in many individual cases, without having real wisdom; ... a lover of negotiations, in which he was always outwitted; and one who feared war, where conquest might have been easy.-Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel. Outwórk, Verb of which Outwrought is the past participle. Oútwork. s. Parts of a fortification next the enemy; any work raised outwardly to fortify or defend. Take care of our out-work, the navy royal, which are the walls of the kingdom; and every great ship is an impregnable fort; and our many safe and commodious ports as the redoubts to secure them.Bacon. When the soul is beaten from its first station, and the mounds and outworks of virtue are once broken down, it becomes quite another thing from what it was before.-South, Sermons, ii. 369. Death hath taken in the out-works, Sir J. Denham, The Sophy. = Outzány. v. a. Exceed in buffoonery. Rare. The thrush replies, the mavis descant plays, Shakespear, Midsummer-Night's Dream, a. Preceded by ring. Turdus torquatus. The ring ouzel is a summer visitor to the British Islands, and its migrations are thus decidedly opposite as to season to those of the fieldfare and redwing which visit us in winter.... In its appearance the ring ouzel resembles the blackbird; but it frequents wild and hilly uncultivated tracts of country rather than those which are enclosed and inhabited. They fly rapidly, are shy and difficult of approach, | unless you are near their nest, when they become bold and clamorous, endeavouring by various arts to entice the intruder to follow them away from 3 F 2 treasured eggs or young.-Yarrell, History of British Birds. In traversing the hills in summer and early autumn, one sometimes, though rarely, comes upon a pair of ring-ouzels, or perhaps a small scattered flock, in a corry or on a rocky declivity; but the number thus seen in the course of a protracted ramble is small. By the end of August, however, when the berries of the mountain-ash assume a bright red colour, great numbers of these birds are to be seen feeding upon them in the glens. In the Birch-wood at Inverenzie, near this place, was a rowan-tree covered with berries, to which the ringouzels were resorting. They emit, on being disturbed or alarmed, a kind of scream, followed by a series of chucks, not very unlike that of the wheatear, but much louder. On this account, and because they are often found in places where juniper, called aiten, is abundant, they are in all this district called aiten-chackarts. The wheatears, which are common enough, are called steen-chackarts.-W. Macgillivray, Natural History of Deeside and Braemur, ch. xxiii. p. 200: 1855. b. Preceded by water. aquaticus. Dipper; Cinclus Considerable interest is attached to the natural history of the dipper or water ouzel from the diversity of opinions that exist even to the present time in reference not only to its power of diving, which is believed by some to be accomplished without any perceivable muscular effort, but that it can also walk at the bottom when under water with the same ease that other birds walk on dry land.-Yarrell, History of British Birds. óval. adj. [Lat. ovalis, from ovum = egg.] Having the character of an egg: (generally in respect to its shape or outline). The mouth is low and narrow, but, after having entered pretty far in the grotto, opens itself on both sides in an oval figure of an hundred yards.-Addison, Travels in Italy. Mercurius, nearest to the central sun, óval. s. Sir R. Blackmore. Oval object; oval outline. A triangle is that which has three angles, or an oval is that which has the shape of an egg.-Watts, Logick. Ovárian. adj. Connected with, relating to, constituted by, an ovary. Perhaps the most correct general statement on the subject would be this: that there is a periodic return of ovarian excitement which tends to the maturation and extrusion of ovules.-Dr. Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology, § 697: 1853. Ovárious. adj. Consisting of eggs. Rare. He to the rocks Dire clinging, gathers his ovarious food. Thomson. ovárium. s. [Lat.] In Anatomy. Receptacles for eggs. See Ovum and Ovule. In Animal Physiology. a. The essential part of the female generative system is that in which the ova are prepared; the other organs are merely accessory, and are not to be found in a large proportion of the animal kingdom. In many of the lower animals the ovaria and testes are so extremely like each other that the difference between them can scarcely be distinguished; and the same is true regarding the conditions of these organs in man, at an early period of development. In many of the lower orders the ovarium consists of a loose tissue containing many cells in which the ova are formed, and from which they escape by the rupture of the cell-walls. In the higher animals, as in the human female, the tissue of the ovarium is more compact, forming what is known as the stroma; and the ova except when they are approaching maturity, can only be distinguished in the interstices of this by the aid of a high magnifying power. Dr. Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology, § 962: 1853. Growths normally recurring in certain places at certain intervals, are accompanied by local formations of blood-vessels. The periodic maturation of ova among the Mammalia supplies an instance. Through the stroma of an ovarium are distributed innumerable minute vesicles, which, in their early stages, are microscopic. Of these, severally con tained in their minute ovi-sacs, any one may develop the determining cause being probably some slight excess of nutrition. When the development is becoming rapid, the capillaries of the neighbouring stroma increase and form a plexus on the walls of the ovi-sac. Now since there is no typical distribution of the developing ova; and since the increase of an ovum to a certain size precedes the increase of vascularity round it; we can scarcely help concluding that the setting up of currents towards the point of growth determines the formation of the blood-vessels. It may be that having once commenced, this local vascular structure completes itself in a typical manner; but it seems clear that this greater development of blood-vessels around the growing orum is initiated by the draught towards it.-Herbert Spencer, Principles of Biology, ch. viii. 403 b. In Vegetable Physiology. The parts which compose the innermost whorl or whorls, are termed carpels; ... and when they are not united together, each is also considered as a pistil.' This pistil, whether simple or compound, consists essentially of an ovarium' or 'germen,' containing the young seed or 'ovules;' and of a 'stigma, or glandular summit, which is either seated immediately upon the ovarium, or on a sort of stalk, called the style,' interposed between them. The construction of the compound pistil will be more readily understood, by considering the manner in which the carpels themselves may be supposed to originate. Each carpel is an organ, analogous to a leaf folded inwards upon its midrib, so as to bring the edges into contact, which cohere and form the placenta,' and upon this the ovules are produced. In general, the carpels may be likened to a sessile leaf; but in a few cases they are furnished with a support analogous to the petiole. When two or more carpels are placed closely in contact, and adhere together by their sides, the compound ovarium will contain two or more 'cells.' And if the styles and stigmas also cohere, the pistil will assume the appearance of a simple organ, although, in fact, compounded of two or more carpels. Henslow, Principles of Descriptive and Physiological Botany, § 100. óvary. s. Same as Ovarium. The ovary or part where the white involveth it, is in the second region of the matrix, which is somewhat long and inverted.-Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errours. óvate. adj. Of an oval figure; marked ovally. Two rows on each side of the belly consist of larger scales, ovate and imbricate.-Russell, Account of Indian Serpents, p. 7. Ovátion. S. [Lat. ovatio, -onis.] Lesser triumph among the Romans allowed to those commanders who had won a victory without much bloodshed, or defeated some less formidable enemy. His ovation being the prime of his strength; his noise and report of his victories being the only means to persuade the reader that he hath obtained them. Hammond, Works, ii. 167. Ovation was allow'd For conquest purchased without blood. óven. s. [A.S. ofen.] Arched cavity heated with fire to bake bread. He loudly bray'd, that like was never 4. 5. 6. Over whose heads those arrows fly Of sad distrust and jealousy. Across; from side to side: (as, leaped over the brook'). Come o'er the bourne, Bessy, to me; She dares not come over to thee. Waller. He Shakespear, King Lear, iii. 6, song. Certain lakes and pits, such as that of Avernus, poison birds which fly over them.-Bacon, Natural and Experimental History. The geese fly o'er the barn, the bees in arms All the world over, those that received not the commands of Christ, and his doctrines of purity and perseverance, were signally destroyed.-Hammond. Upon. Wise governours have as great a watch over fames, as they have of the actions and designs.-Bacon, Angelick quires Sung heavenly anthems of his victory Over temptation and the tempter proud. Milton, Paradise Regained, iv. 593. 7. Before (only used in the expression 'over night'). On their intended journey to proceed, 8. It is in all senses written by contraction o'er. over. adv. 1. Above the top. 2. Spenser. 3. Here's yet in the word hereafter, the kneading, the making of the cake, the heat of the oven, and the baking.-Shakespear, Troilus and Cressida, i. 1. Bats have been found in ovens and other hollow close places, matted one upon another; and there: fore it is likely that they sleep in the winter, and eat nothing.-Bacon. óver. s. [German üfer = bank, shore.] Found only in geographical names, as the preposition; the two, however, are wholly dif ferent words. See extract. Orer hath a double signification in the names of places, according to the different situations of them. If the place be upon or near a river, it comes from the Saxon ofre, a brink or bank: but if there is in the neighbourhood another of the same name, distinguished by the addition of nether, then over is from the Gothic ufar, above.--Gibson, Camden. óver. prep. [A.S. ofer.] 1. Above, with respect to excellence or dignity. How happy some o'er other some can be! Shakespear, Midsummer-Night's Dream, i. 1. Dryden, Translation of the Eneid, viii. 776. The commentary which attends this poem will have one advantage orer most commentaries, that it is not made upon conjectures.-Pope. It will afford field enough for a divine to enlarge on, by shewing the advantages which the Christian world has over the heathen.-Swift. 2. Above, with regard to rule or authority: (opposed to under). The church has over her bishops, able to silence the factious, no less by their preaching than by their authority.-South, Sermons. Captain, yourself are the fittest to live and reign, not over, but next and immediately under the people.-Dryden, Don Sebastian, iv. 3. 3. Above in place: (opposed to below). He was more than over shoes in love. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom.Luke, vi. 38. More than a quantity assigned. Even here likewise the laws of nature and reason be of necessary use; yet somewhat over and besides them is necessary, namely human and positive law. Hooker, Ecclesiastical Polity. When they had mete it, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack.-Exodus, xvi. 18. The ordinary soldiers having all their pay, and a month's pay over, were sent into their countries. -Sir J. Hayward. The eastern people determined their digit by the breadth of barley-corns, six making a digit, and twenty-four a hand's breadth: a small matter over or under.-Arbuthnot. From side to side. The fan of an Indian king, made of the feathers of a peacock's tail, composed into a round form, bound together with a circular rim, above a foot over.-Grew. From one to another. This golden cluster the herald delivereth to the Tirsan, who delivereth it over to that son that he had chosen.-Bacon. From a country beyond the sea. It hath a white berry, but is not brought over with the coral.-Bacon, Natural and Experimental History. They brought new customs and new vices o'er Taught us more arts than honest men require. A. Philips. On the surface. The first came out red all over, like an hairy gar ment.-Genesis, xxv. 25. Past. Soliman pausing upon the matter, the heat of his fury being something over, suffered himself to be intreated.-Knolles, History of the Turks. Meditate and ruminate well upon the effects of anger, how it troubles man's life; and the best time to do this, is to look back upon anger when the fit is thoroughly over.-Bacon, Essays, Of Anger. What the garden choicest bears To sit and taste, till this meridian heat Be over, and the sun more cool decline. Milton, Paradise Lost, v. 368. The act of stealing was soon over, and cannot be undone, and for it the sinner is only answerable to God or his vicegerent.-Jeremy Taylor, Rule and Exercise of holy Living. He will, as soon as his first surprize is over, begin to wonder how such a favour came to be bestowed on him.-Bishop Atterbury. There youths and nymphs in consort gay, Shahi hail the rising, close the parting day; With me, alas! with me those joys are o'er, For me the vernal garlands bloom no more. Pope, Imitations of Horace, b. iv. ode i. Throughout; completely. Have you read o'er the letters that I sent you? Shakespear, Henry IV. Part II. iii. 1. Let them argue over all the topicks of divine goodness and human weakness, yet how trifling must be their plea!-South, Sermons. OVER 9. With repetition; another time. He o'er and o'er divides him, "Twixt his unkindness and his kindness. Shakespear, Winter's Tale, iv. 3. Sitting or standing still confined to roar, In the same verse, the same rules o'er and o'er. C. Dryden, Translation of Juvenal, vii. 204. He cramm'd his pockets with the precious store, Harte. And every night review'd it o'er and o'er. 10. Extraordinary; in a great degree. The word symbol should not seem to be over difficult.-Baker. Over and above. Besides; beyond what was first supposed or immediately intended. Moses took the redemption money of them that were over and above.-Numbers, iii. 49. He gathered a great mass of treasure, and gained over and above the good will and esteem of all people wherever he came.-Sir R. L'Estrange. Over again. Repeated. Thou, my Hector, art thyself alone O kill not all my kindred o'er again, Dryden, Parting of Hector and Ardromache. When children forget, or do an action aukwardly, make them do it over and over again, till they are perfect.-Locke. If this miracle of Christ's rising from the dead be not sufficient to convince a resolved libertine, neither would the rising of one now from the dead be sufficient for that purpose; since it would only be tne doing that over again which hath been done already.-Bishop Atterbury. The most learned will never find occasion to act over again what is fabled of Alexander the Great, that when he had conquered the eastern world, he wept for want of more worlds to conquer.-Watts. As her childhood advanced, the readiness with which she seized, and the tenacity wherewith she detained, the playthings of Triptolemus, besides a desire to bite, pinch, and scratch, on slight, or no provocation, were all considered by attentive observers as proofs, that Miss Baby would prove her mother over again.'-Sir W. Scott, The Pirate, ch. v. Over against. Opposite; regarding in front. In Ticinum is a church with windows only from above. It reporteth the voice thirteen times, if you stand by the close end of the wall, over against the door.-Bacon. I visit his picture, and place myself over against it whole hours together.-Addison, Spectator. Over against this church stands a large hospital, erected by a shoemaker.-Id., Travels in Italy. Give over. Cease from. Throw over. Betray. 'Our fellows are in a sort of fright about this Jamaica bill,' said Mr. Egerton, in an undertone, as if he were afraid a passer-by might hear him. Don't say anything about it, but there's a screw loose.'The deuce! But how do you mean? They say the Rads are going to throw us over.'-'Talk, talk. They have threatened this half-a-dozen times. Smoke, sir; it will end in smoke.'-B. Disraeli, Sybil, b. iv. ch. i. Over the left. Quite different; completely opposite. Slang. Even at the recent period in question, the Chuzzlewits were connected by a bend sinister, or kind of heraldic over-the-left, with some unknown noble and illustrious house.-Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. i. In Composition it has a great variety of significations; it is arbitrarily prefixed to nouns, adjectives, or other parts of speech in a sense equivalent to more than enough; too much. Devilish Macbeth, Shakespear, Macbeth, iv. 3. St. Hierom reporteth, that he saw a satyr; but the truth hereof I will not rashly impugn, or overboldly affirm.-Peacham. These overbusy spirits, whose labour is their only reward, hunt a shadow and chase the wind.-Dr. H. More, Decay of Christian Piety. If the ferment of the breast be vigorous, an overfermentation in the part produceth a phlegmon.Wiseman, Surgery. |