white, ale and beer and all, in one pot, you shall | Púritanism. s. System of puritan doctrine make a drink neither easy to be known, nor yet wholesome for the body.' The English language, however, it may be observed, had even already become too thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for this doctrine of purism to be admitted to the letter.-Craik, History of English Literature, vol. i. p. 413.

tiously nice in the use of words; one who aims at the exclusive use of vernacular words.

We must apply certainly to English, in which you are no purist.-Lord Chesterfield, Letters.

I go no farther, but leave you to yourselves; and, if it be possible, unto more charitable conceits of those that deserve no other imputation, but They are no puritans:' which God in goodness keep out of this church and state, as dangerous as popery, for anything I am able to discern. The only difference being, popery is for tyranny; puritanism for anarchy: popery is [the] original of superstition: puritanism the high-way unto profaneness: both alike enemies unto piety.-Bishop Mountagu, Appeal to Cæsar, p. 321: 1625.

A serious and unpartial examination of the grounds, as well of popery as puritanism, according to that measure of understanding God hath afforded me.-I. Walton. Púritanize. v. n. Affect puritanism, or puritanic strictness.

M. Perkins in his problem, though he fain would puritanize it and so goeth on, yet confesseth that the fathers used to arm themselves against the devil with the sign of the cross.-Bishop Mountagu, Appeal to Cæsar, p. 270.

Púrity. s.

1.

Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. Is it the purity of a linen vesture, which some so fear would defile the purity of the priest?-Holyday. The nymphs Melissan...

Pour streams select, and purity of waters.

Mr. Fox was so nervously apprehensive of sliding into some colloquial incorrectness, of debasing his style by a mixture of parliamentary slang, that he ran into the opposite error, and purified his vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to any purist. 'Ciceronem Allobroga dixit.' He would not allow Addison, Bolingbroke, or Middleton to be a sufficient authority for an expression. He declared that he would use no word which was not to be found in Dryden.... In spite of all our admiration for Mr. Fox, we cannot but think that his extreme attention to the petty niceties of language was hardly worthy of so manly and so capacious an understanding. There were purists of this kind at Rome; and their fastidiousness was censured by Horace, with that perfect good sense and good taste which characterize all his writings. There were purists of this kind at the time of the revival of letters; and the two greatest scholars of that time raised their voices, the one from within, the other from without the Alps, against a scrupulosity so unreasonable. -Macaulay, Critical and Historical Essays, Sir J. Mackintosh's History of the Revolution. Púritan. s. Member of a division of the early English Protestants who, in doctrine and discipline, removed themselves further from the Church of Rome than did the reformers whose doctrines are represented by the Articles and Liturgy of the Church of England; aiming at, or affecting, according as they were mentioned by friends or foes, a greater purity of practice 3. Chastity; freedom from contamination of and worship.

It is to be seen by Camden's 'Annals,' that when the recusants first forebore coming to church, about that time did this party begin to be known by the name of puritans.-Thorndike, Discourse of Forbearance, &c. p. 8.

I believe there are men that would be puritans, but not any that are!-Felltham, Resolves, i. 5.

From these disorders we must pass to those people called puritans, who being now numerous, and observing their private meetings in Oxford, [there] were not wanting certain scholars that made it their recreation to scoff at and jeer them.... They imitated them in their whining tones, with the lifting up of eyes; in their antick actions; and left nothing undone, whereby they might make them ridiculous. -A. Wood, Annals of the University of Oxford in 1632.

The schism which the papists on the one hand, and the superstition which the puritans on the other, lay to our charge, are very justly chargeable upon themselves.-Bishop Sanderson. Púritan. adj. Of, or belonging to, puritans.

We shall in our sermons take occasion now and then, where it may be pertinent, to discover the

weakness of the puritan principles and tenents to the people.-Bishop Sanderson, Cases of Conscience, p. 192.

Puritánic. adj. Relating to puritans.

Too dark a stole

Was o'er religion's decent features drawn
By puritanic zeal.

Mason, English Garden, b. iv. Then,' said Varney,' 'he must have his lawyers-deep subtle pioneers.... And he must have physicians who can spice a cup or a caudle-And he must have his cabalists, like Dee and Allan, for conjuring up the devil-And he must have ruffling swordsmen.... And above all, without prejudice to others, he must have such godly, innocent, puritanic souls as thou, honest Anthony, who defy Satan, and do his work at the same time.'-Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth, ch. v.

The slight she-slips of loyal blood,
And others, passing praise,
Strait-laced, but all too full in bud,

For puritanic stays. Tennyson, The Talking Oak. Puritánical. adj. Same as preceding.

Such guides set over the several congregations will misteach them, by instilling into them puritanical and superstitious principles, that they may the more securely exercise their presbyterian tyranny.-I. Walton.

2.

Prior, Second Hymn of Callimachus. The inspired air does likewise often communicate to the lungs unwholesome vapours, and many hurtful effluvia, which mingling with the blood, corrupt its purity.-Sir R. Blackmore.

From the body's purity, the mind Receives a secret aid. Thomson, Seasons, Summer. Freedom from guilt; innocence.

Death sets us safely on shore in our long-expected Canaan, where there are no temptations, no danger of falling, but eternal purity and immortal joys secure our innocence and happiness for ever.-Archbishop Wake, Preparation for Death.

Every thing about her resembles the purity of her soul, and she is always clean without, because she is always pure within.-Law.

sexes.

Could I come to her with any detection in my hand, I could drive her then from the ward of her purity, her reputation, and her marriage-vow. — Shakespear, Merry Wives of Windsor, ii. 2. Sudden arose

Ianthe's soul; it stood

All beautiful in naked purity, The perfect semblance of its bodily frame. Shelley, Queen Mab. "Tis said that a lion will turn and flee From a maid in the pride of her purity. Byron, The Siege of Corinth. The world hath not another (Tho' all her fairest forms are types of thee, And thou of God in thy great charity) Of such a finished chastened purity.

Tennyson, Isabel.

Purl. s. [?] Liquor so called: (commoner thirty years ago than now. Then it was a mixture of beer and gin heated. In the previous edition it is explained as a ' medicated malt liquor in which wormwood and aromatics are infused ').

Purl. s. [from Italian, pirlare = twist; pirlo =top.] Fall head over heels; fall; throw from a horse. Slang.

Purl. s. [from purfle.] Embroidered and puckered border.

Himself came in next after a triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched with purl and pearl.-Sir P. Sidney.

The jagging of pinks is like the inequality of oak leaves; but they seldom have any small purls.Bacon.

Purl. v. a. broidery.

Decorate with fringe or em

When was old Sherwood's head more quaintly curl'd, Or nature's cradle more enchased and purl'd? B. Jonson. The officious wind her loose hayre curles, The dewe her happy linen purles. Lovelace, Lucasta, p. 147. Purl. v. n. Rise or appear in undulations; curl.

From his lips did fly Thin winding breath, which purl'd up to the sky. Shakespear, Rape of Lucrece. [Swedish, porla = simmer, murmur, bubble,] Murmur; flow with a gentle noise.

Puritánically. adv. In a puritanical man-Purl. v. n. ner; after the manner of the puritans.

I mean not puritanically.—Sir M. Sandys, Essays, p. 162: 1634.

VOL. II.

4 Q

So I have seen the little purls of a spring sweat through the bottom of a bank, and intenerate the stubborn pavement, till it hath made it fit for the impression of a child's foot.-Jeremy Taylor, Sermons, p. 204: 1651.

Púrlieu. s. [see extract.] Grounds on the borders of a forest; border; inclosure; district.

In the purlieus of this forest stands
A sheepcote, fenced about with olive trees.

Shakespear, As you like it, iv. 3. In Henry III.'s time the Charta de Foresta [was] established; so that there was much land disafforested, which hath been called pourlieus ever since.-Howell, Letters, iv. 16.

Purlieu, or purlue, from the Fr. pur, purus, and lieu, locus, [is] all that ground near a forest, which, being added to the ancient forests by King Henry II., Richard I., and King John, was afterwards disafforested and severed by the Charta de Foresta, and the perambulations and grants thereon, by Henry III. So that it became... pure and free from the laws and ordinances of the forest.... As Manwood and Crompton call it pourallee, we may derive it from pur, purus, and allee, ambulatio, because he who walketh or courseth within that circuit is not liable to the laws and penalties incurred by those who hunt within the forest precincts; but pourallee is said to be properly the perambulation by which the purlieu is disafforested. Purlieu-men [are] those who have ground within the purlieu, and being able to dispend forty shillings a-year freehold: who, on these two points, are licensed to hunt in their own purlieus.... Owners of grounds within the purlieu by disafforestation, may fell timber, convert pastures into arable, &c., inclose them with any kind of inclosure; erect edifices, and dispose of them as if they had never been afforested.... If the purlieu-man chase the beast with greyhounds, and they fly towards the forest for safety, he may pursue them to the bounds of the forest; and if he then do his endeavour to call back and take off his dogs from the pursuit, although the dogs follow the chase in the forest, and kill the king's deer there, this is no offence, so as he enter not into the forest, nor meddle with the deer so killed; and if the dogs fasten on the deer before he recover the forest, and the deer drag the dogs into the forest, in such case the purlieu-man may follow his dogs and take the deer.-Jacob, Law Dictionary. A place of bliss In the pourlieus of heaven.

Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 833. Such civil matters fall within the purlieus of religion.-Sir R. L'Estrange.

To understand all the purlieus of this place, and to illustrate this subject, 1 must venture myself into the haunts of beauty and gallantry.-Spectator.

He may be left to rot among thieves in some stinking jail, merely for mistaking the purlieus of the law.-Swift.

A party next of glittering dames, Thrown round the purlieus of St. James, Came early out. Id., Cadenus and Vanessa. All the electioneering rips that swarm in the purlieus of political clubs during an impending dissolution of Parliament, were... .... nibbling at their dainty morsel.-B. Disraeli, Coningsby, b. v. ch. iii.

Purling. part. adj. Curling

The moon will look red as blood; the sun will shed his light like purling brimstone.-Sir T. Herbert, Relation of some Years' Travels into Africa and the Great Asia, p. 53.

Púrling, verbal abs. Gentle noise of a stream.

Tones are not so apt to procure sleep, as some other sounds; as the wind, the purling of water, and humming of bees.- Bacon, Natural and Experimental History.

Our purlings wait upon the spring. Púrling. part. adj.

B. Jonson, Masques. Murmuring.

Instruments that have returns, as trumpets; or flexions, as cornets; or are drawn up, and put from, as sacbuts, have a purling sound; but the recorder or flute, that have none of these inequalities, give a clear sound.-Bacon.

All fish from sea or shore, Freshet, or purling brook, or shell or fin. Milton, Paradise Regained, ii. 832. My flow'ry theme, A painted mistress, or a purling stream. Pope, Epistle to Arbuthnot. Púrlins. s. In Architecture. Pieces of timber that lie across the rafters on the inside, to keep them from sinking in the middle of their length.

Purlins... are locally called side timbers and side wavers.-Gwilt, Encyclopædia of Architecture. Purloín. v. a. [N.Fr. purloigner, from Lat. prolongo I lengthen, remove to a dis

665

tance, make away with; Fr. loin = far.] Steal; take by theft.

He that brave steed there finding ready dight,
Purloin'd both steed and spear, and ran away full
light.
Spenser.

The Arismaspian by stealth
Had, from his wakeful custody, purloin'd
The guarded gold. Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 945.
[They] not content like felons to purloin,
Add treason to it, and debase the coin.

Sir J. Denham, On Mr. John Fletcher's Works.
When did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin,
As thou whole Eth'redge dost transfuse to thine?
Dryden, Macflecnoe, 183.
Your butler purloins your liquor, and the brewer
sells your hog-wash.-Arbuthnot, History of John
Bull.

Prometheus once this chain purloin'd,
Dissolved, and into money coin'd.

Purloín. v. n. Act as a thief.

Swift.

Púrples. s. pl.

Not purloining, but shewing all good fidelity.Titus, ii. 10.

Purloiner. s.

One who purloins; one who steals clandestinely.

It may seem hard, to see publick purloiners sit upon the lives of the little ones, that go to the gallows.-Sir R. L'Estrange. Purloining. verbal abs. purloins; theft.

Act of one who

I must require you to use diligence in presenting specially those purloinings, and embezzlements, which are of plate, vessels, or whatsoever within the king's house.-Bacon, Charge at the Session of the Verge.

Púrparty. s. In Law. Share; part in division. See second extract.

Each of the coparceners had an entire county allotted for her purparty.-Sir J. Davies, Discourse on the State of Ireland.

Pourparty [is] that part or share of an estate, first held in common by parceners, which is by partition allotted to them. Thus it is contrary to pro indiviso. For to make pourparty is to divide the lands which fall to parceners, which, before partition, they held jointly and pro indiviso.-Jacob, Law Dictionary. Púrple. adj. [Lat. purpureus.]

1. Red tinctured with blue: (among the an-
cients considered as the noblest, and as the
regal colour; whether their purple was the
same with ours, is not fully known).
The poop was beaten gold,
Purple the sails, and so perfumed, that
The winds were love-sick with 'em.

Shakespear, Antony and Cleopatra, ii. 2.
You violets, that first appear,
By your pure purple mantles known;
What are you when the rose is blown?

Sir H. Wotton. A small oval plate, cut off a flinty pebble, and polished, is prettily variegated with a pale grey, blue, yellow, and purple.-Woodward, On Fossils.

2. Blood-stained. Rhetorical.

I view a field of blood,

And Tyber rolling with a purple flood.

With gore.

Their mangled limbs

Dryden.

Crashing at once, death dyes the purple seas Thomson, Seasons, Summer. Púrple. s. Purple colour; purple dress.

O'er his lucid arms

A vest of military purple flowed
Livelier than Meliboean, or the grain
Of Sarra, worn by kings and heroes old.

Milton, Paradise Lost, xi. 240. May be it has been sometimes thought harsh in those who were born in purple to look into abuses with a stricter eye than their predecessors; but elected kings are presumed to come upon the foot of reformation.-Sir W. Davenant.

The last abbot was Cardinal Sfondrati, who was advanced to the purple about two years before his death.-Addison, Travels in Italy.

Cardinal de Tencin had been recommended to the purple by the Chevalier de St. George, and was seemingly attached to the Stuart family.-Smollett, History of England, b. ii. ch. viii. (Ord MS.)

Purple of cassius is a vitrifiable pigment, which stains glass and porcelain of a beautiful red or purple colour. Its preparation has been deemed a process of such nicety, as to be liable to fail in the most experienced hands.... The proper pigment can be obtained only by adding to a neutral muriate of gold a mixture of the protochloride and perchloride of tin. Everything depends upon this intermediate state of the tin.-Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines.

Púrple. v. a. Make red; colour with purple.
Whilst your purple hands do reek and smoak,
Fulfil your pleasure.
Shakespear, Julius Cæsar, iii. 1.
Cruel and suddain, hast thou since
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
Not alone, while thou
Visit'st my slumbers nightly; or when morn
Purples the east. Milton, Paradise Lost, vii. 28.
666

Donne.

1. See Purpura.

2.

God punysheth full sore with grete sikenesse,
As pockes, pestylence, purple, and axes.
Hycke-Scorner.
With long. Popular and local name for a
flower, so named in the extract.

Crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them. Shakespear, Hamlet, iv. 7. (Nares by H. and W.) Mr. Dyce seems to admit that two flowers are here confounded, the long purple being the Orchis mascula, and dead-men's-fingers the Orchis pyramidalis, or palustris. Mr. Wise raises the number to three. The grosser name for Orchis mascula is dogstones; of the Orchis morio, foolstones; and so on through the greater part of the genus; stone translating the Greek ooys. But the true long purple is more likely to be the Arum maculatum (lords-and-ladies, cuckoo flower, cuckoo-pintel, cuckoo-pint, &c.), than any orchis at all.

Púrplish. adj. Somewhat purple.

I could change the colour, and make it purplish. -Boyle. Púrport. s. [N.Fr.] Design; tendency of a writing or discourse.

That Plato intended nothing less, is evident from the whole scope and purport of that dialogue.Norris.

Yet, hadst thou thro' enduring pain,
Linked month to month with such a chain
Of knitted purport, all were vain.

2. Discourse.

PURP

Obsolete.

She in merry sort

Them gan to bord, and purpose diversly.

Púrpose. s.

1. Intention; design.

2.

Spenser, Faerie Queen.

He quit the house of purpose, that their punish

ment

Might have the freer course.

Shakespear, King Lear, iv. 2.
Change this purpose,

Which being so horrible, so bloody, must
Lead on to some foul issue.

Id., Winter's Tale, ii. 3. He with troops of horsemen beset the passages of purpose, that when the army should set forward, he might in the streights, fit for his purpose, set upon them.-Knolles, History of the Turks.

And I persuade me God had not permitted
His strength again to grow, were not his purpose
To use him further yet.

Milton, Samson Agonistes, 1497. That kind of certainty which doth not admit of any doubt may serve us as well to all intents and purposes as that which is infallible.-Bishop Wilkins.

St. Austin hath laid down a rule to this very purpose.-Bishop Burnet.

They who are desirous of a name in painting, should read and make observations of such things as they find for their purpose.-Dryden, Transiation of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting.

I do this on purpose to give you a more sensible impression of the imperfection of your knowledge.Watts.

Where men err against this method, it is usually on purpose, and to shew their learning.-Swift.

With immeasurable confused outlooks and purposes, with no clear purpose but this of still trying to do his Majesty a service, Bouillé waits; struggling what he can to keep his district loyal, his troops faithful, his garrisons furnished.-Carlyle, French Revolution, pt. ii. b. ii. ch. i.

Effect; consequence; end desired.

To small purpose had the council of Jerusalem been assembled, if once their determination being set down, men might afterwards have defended their former opinions.-Hooker, Ecclesiastical Polity.

The ground will be like a wood, which keepeth out the sun, and so continueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose that year.-Bacon, Natural and Experimental History.

Such first principles will serve us to very little purpose, and we shall be as much at a loss with as without them, if they may, by any human power, such as is the will of our teachers, or opinions of our companions, be altered or lost in us.-Locke.

He that would relish success to purpose should keep his passion cool and his expectation low.Collier, Essays, On Desire.

What the Romans have done is not worth notice having had little occasion to make use of this art, and what they have of it to purpose being borrowed from Aristotle.-Baker.

Conversation.

Rowe.

They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter, which little purported, but words Rank'd in right learned phrase.

Obsolete.

tion.

Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2, 197.

Have an intention; have a design.

I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress. -Psalms, xvii. 3.

This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth.-Isaiah, xiv. 26.

Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem. -Acts, xix. 21.

The Christian captains. purposing to retire home, placed on each side of the army four ranks of waggons. Knolles, History of the Turks.

Doubling my crime, I promise and deceive, Purpose to slay, whilst swearing to forgive. Prior, Solomon, iii. 486.

PURP

The place of justice is hallowed; and therefore not only the bench, but the foot-pace and precincts, and purprise, ought to be preserved without corruption.-Bacon, Essays. Púrpura. s. In Medicine.

Hemorrhagic

malady so called. See Scurvy.

The malady which is best known by the appellation of purpura, or the purples, and which usually, though it must be confessed very incorrectly, is ranked among cutaneous disorders... is strictly a hæmorrhage.-Sir T. Watson, Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic, lect. xc. Purpúreal. adj. [Lat. purpureus.] Purple. Rhetorical.

Bursting from the Fairy's form,
Spread a purpureal halo round the scene,
Yet with an undulating motion,
Swayed to her outline gracefully.

Shelley, Queen Mab. Purr. s. Gentle noise made by a cat.

Here is a pur of fortune's, sir, or of fortune's cat (but not a musk-cat) that has fallen into the unclean fish-pond of her displeasure.-Shakespear, All's well that ends well, v. 2. Purr. v. n.

pleasure.

Purr. v. a.

Murmur as a cat or leopard in

Signify by purring.

Her coat that with the tortoise vies,
Her ears of jet, and emerald eyes,

She saw; and purr'd applause.

Gray, Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat. Orestes burst out laughing, in spite of himself. The sleek Chaldee smiled and purred in return. The secretary purred delighted approval. C. Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. xxiii.

Púrre. s. [?] Native bird akin to the snipes and sandpipers so called; Tringa variabilis; dunlin.

The Sandpiper, called the Dunlin, was long considered to be distinct from that called Purre, though in reality these names referred only to the summer and winter appearance of the same bird.Farrell, History of British Birds.

Púrring. part. adj. Making the noise of a cat that purrs.

An envious cat from place to place,
Unseen, attends his silent pace:

She saw that, if his trade went on,
The purring race must be undone;

So secretly removes his baits,
And every stratagem defeats.

Gay, Fables, The Ratcatcher and Cats. Purse. s. [Fr. bourse.] Small bag in which money is contained.

She bears the purse too; she is a region in Guiana, all gold and bounty.-Shakespear, Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 3.

Shall the son of England prove a thief, and take purses?-Id., Henry IV. Part I. ii. 4.

He sent certain of the chief prisoners, richly apparelled, with their purses full of money, into the city.-Knolles, History of the Turks.

I will give him the thousand pieces, and, to his great surprise, present him with another purse of the same value.-Addison.

PURS

trampled: but Money-bag of Mammon is a still worse, while it lasts. Properly, indeed, it is the worst and basest of all banners and symbols of dominion among men; and indeed is possible only in a time of general Atheism, and Unbelief in anything save in brute Force and Sensualism; pride of birth, pride of office, any known kind of pride being a degree better than purse-pride. Carlyle, The French Revolution, pt. iii. b. iii. ch. i. Púrseproud. adj. Insolent from money.

The second are purse-proud: as St. Austin wittily [saith,] Pride is in the purse as the worm in the apple.-Bishop Hall, Fall of Pride.

Plumed Conceit himself surveying ;
Folly with her shadow playing;
Purseproud, elbowing Insolence!

Grainger, Ode on Solitude. Púrser. s. Paymaster of a ship.

Fled with the rest,

PURPURA PURTENANCE

And falling from a hill, he was so bruised
That the pursuers took him.

Shakespear, Henry IV. Part I. v. 5.
His swift pursuers from heaven's gates discern
The advantage, and descending tread us down
Thus drooping. Milton, Paradise Lost, i. 326.
Like a declining statesman left forlorn,
To his friends' pity and pursuers' scorn.
Sir J. Denham, Cooper's Hill.
b. As one who endeavours to attain an ob-
ject.

Is not all this to dictate magisterially? A thing very unpleasing to the ingenuous and free pursuers of rational knowledge. Worthington, Letters to Hartlib, ep. xv: 1661.

Our pursuer soon came up and joined us with all the familiarity of an old acquaintance.-Goldsmith, Essays, X. Pursuit. s. [Fr. poursuite.]

Pursúance. s. Pursuit; whence movement in the same direction, with something else; accordance.

He being in pursuance of the imperial army, the next morning in a sudden fog that fell, the cavalry on both sides being engaged, he was killed in the midst of the troops.-Howell, Letters, b. i. letter vi. (Ord MS.)

Pursúant. adj. or adv. In accordance with.

My master, pursuant to the advice of his friend, carried me in a box the next market-day to the neighbouring town. - Swift, Gulliver's Travels, pt. ii. ch. ii.

They gave six hundred and seventy thousand pounds for enabling his majesty to make good his engagement with the king of Prussia pursuant to a new convention between him and that monarch.Smollett, History of England, b. iii. ch. xii. (Ord MS.)

Pursué. v. a. [Fr. poursuivre; pres. part. poursuivant; pass. part. poursuit; Lat. persequor, from sequor = I follow.] Persecute. Obsolete.

1.

2.

3.

When Abraham heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued.-Genesis, xiv. 14.

This means they long proposed, but little gain'd, Yet after much pursuit, at length obtained. Dryden.

He has annexed a secret pleasure to the idea of anything that is new or uncommon, that he might encourage us in the pursuit after knowledge, and engage us to search into the wonders of his creation. -Addison.

The will, free from the determination of such desires, is left to the pursuit of nearer satisfactions, and to the removal of those uneasinesses it feels in its longings after them.-Locke. Prosecution; continuance of endeavour.

He concluded with sighs and tears, to conjure them, that they would no more press him to give his consent to a thing so contrary to his reason, the execution whereof would break his heart, and that they would give over further pursuit of it.-Lord Clarendon, History of the Grand Rebellion. Púrsuivant. s. State messenger;

[Fr.]

attendant on the heralds.

How oft do they with golden pinions cleave The flitting skies, like flying pursuivant. Spenser. These grey locks, the pursuivants of death... Argue the end of Edmund Mortimer.

Shakespear, Henry VI. Part I. ii. 5. Send out a pursuivant at arms To Stanley's regiment, bid him bring his power Before sun-rising. Id., Richard III. v. 3. For helmets, crests, mantles, and supporters, I leave the reader to Edmond Bolton, Gerard Leigh, John Ferne, and John Guillim Portismouth, pursuivants of arms, who have diligently laboured in armory.-Camden, Remains.

The pursuivants came next, in number more, And like the heralds each his scutcheon bore.

Dryden, The Flower and the Leaf, 250. 'Pursuivant, we grant the conference.'-Sir W. Scott, The Monastery, ch. xxxvi.

He had no time for remarks, being placed in a boat with the pursuivant and two yeomen of the guard, and rowed up the river as fast as the arms of six stout watermen could pull against the tide.-Id., Fortunes of Nigel, ch. xxvii.

pursues;

It is the same injustice and fraud that it would be in any steward to purse up that money for his private benefit, which was entrusted to him for the maintenance of the family.-Whole Duty of Man, sunday xiii.

2. Rob; take purses.

I'll purse; if that raise me not, I'll bet at bowling alleys.-Beaumont and Fletcher, Scornful Lady, i. 1. (Nares by H. and W.)

3. Contract as a purse.

Thou cried'st,

As righteousness tendeth to life; so he that pursueth evil, pursueth it to his own death.-Proverbs, xii. 19. Insatiate to pursue

Dryden.

Vain war with heaven. Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 8. I will pursue This ancient story, whether false or true. When men pursue their thoughts of space, they stop at the confines of body, as if space were there at an end.-Locke.

A splendid vassalage. Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 249. We happiness pursue; we fly from pain; Yet the pursuit, and yet the flight is vain. Prior, Solomon, iii. 627. What nature has deny'd, fools will pursue, As apes are ever walking upon two. Young, Love of Fame, ii. 173. Pursué. v. n. Go on; proceed.

I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chymists should not consider.-Boyle. One who pursues. Pursúer. s. 4Q 2

pursuivant, real or figurative. Rare.

This Dr. Baker was in the beginning of the rebellion pursevanted and imprisoned, and at length deprived of his spiritualities.-Wood, Fasti Oxonienses, 226. (Ord MS.) Púrsy. adj.

[Fr. poussif; Lat. pulsivus = puffing, panting, broken-winded.] Shortbreathed and fat.

In the fatness of these pursy times,
Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,

Yea courb and woo for leave to do it good.

Shakespear, Hamlet, iii. 4.
Now breathless wrong
Shall sit and pant in your great chairs of ease,
And pursy insolence shall break his wind
With fear and horrid fright.

Id., Timon of Athens, v. 5.
An hostess dowager,
Grown fat and pursy by retail
Of pots of beer and bottled ale.

Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1, 1044.

Púrtenance. s. [Fr. appartenance.] That which pertains, or belongs, to anything; its chief special application is, by butchers, to certain of the internal viscera of oxen, sheep, and pigs, which are sold along with the head; the analogues of the giblets in poultry; more especially still, it serves as a name for the pluck, lights, or lungs.

Roast the lamb with fire, his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof,-Exodus, xii. 9. 667

What though from outmost land and sea purveyed, For him, each rarer tributary life Bleeds not.

Thomson, Seasons, Summer.

Pus. s. [see Purulent.] Matter of a well- 4. Force one's way in business or society. digested sore or abscess; corruption (in popular medical phraseology).

Acrid substances break the vessels, and produce an ichor instead of laudable pus.-Arbuthnot. Under certain circumstances the yellow, cream-like fluid called pus is formed.... It has this analogy with the blood, that it consists of corpuscles diffused through a clear liquid, which both in its sensible and its chemical qualities appears to be identical with serum.... The formation of pussuppuration-is a fourth event of inflammation. Pus is an opaque, smooth, yellowish fluid, of the consistence of cream, and having little or no smell. I speak now of well-formed, or what is called good healthy pus; what the old writers spoke of as 'pus laudabile.' This has been thought an absurd epithet; but it serves as well as any other to express what was meant; viz. that kind of pus which accompanies benign forms of inflammation, and indicates that all is going on regularly, and promises a fortunate ending; pus, in short, the appearance of which was to be commended. It is certainly not more absurd than the term healthy pus.-Sir T. Watson, Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic, lectt. ix. and x.

Push. v. u. [Fr. pousser; from Lat. pulso = I knock, beat, drive.]

1.

Purveýance. s.

1. Provision; procurement of victuals or provender.

Whence mounting up, they find purveyance meet Of all, that royal prince's court became. Spenser. 2. Exaction of provisions for the king's followers.

Some lands be more changeable than others; as for their lying near to the borders, or because of great and continual purveyances that are made upon them.-Bacon.

The profitable prerogative of purveyance, or preemption, was a right enjoyed by the crown of buying up provisions, and other necessaries, by the intervention of the king's purveyors, for the use of his royal household, at an appraised valuation in preference to all others, and even without consent of the owner; and also, of forcibly impressing the carriages and horses of the subject, to do the king's business on the public roads, in the conveyance of timber, baggage, and the like, however inconvenient to the proprietor, upon paying him a settled price. -Jacob, Law Dictionary.

Purveyor. s. One who purveys. 1. By victuals.

The purveyors or victuallers are much to be condemned, as not a little faulty in that behalf.-Sir W. Raleigh.

And winged purveyors his sharp hunger fed
With frugal scraps of flesh, and maslin bread.

2. Procurer; pimp.

3.

4.

5.

Harte.

6.

7.

These women are such cunning purveyors!
Mark where their appetites have once been pleased,
The same resemblance in a younger lover,
Lies brooding in their fancies the same pleasures.
Dryden and Lee, Edipus, i. 1.
The stranger, ravished at his good fortune, is in-
troduced to some imaginary title; for this purveyor
has her representatives of some of the finest ladies.
-Addison.

3. Officer who exacted provision for the king's followers.

The name of purveyor was so odious in times past, that by stat. 36. Edw III. the heinous name of pur veyor was changed into buyer.-Jacob, Law Dietionary.

Púrview. s. [Fr. pourveu] Proviso; providing clause.

These are profanations within the purview of several statutes; and those you are to present.Bacon, Charge at the Session of the Verge.

Though the petition expresses only treason and 668

Strike with a thrust.

If the ox shall push a man-servant or a maidservant, [the owner] shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.Exodus, xxi. 32.

Force or drive by impulse.

Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet.-Job, xxx. 12.

Force not by a quick blow, but by continued violence.

Through thee will we push down our enemies.Psalms, xliv. 5.

Shew your mended faiths,

To push destruction and perpetual shame
Out of the weak door of our fainting land.

Shakespear, King John, v. 7.
Waters forcing way,

Sidelong had push'd a mountain from his seat,
Half sunk with all his pines.

Milton, Paradise Lost, vi. 196. This terrible scene. . . might have proved dangerous, if Cornelius had not been pushed out of the room.-Arbuthnot. Press forward.

He forewarns his care

With rules to push his fortune or to bear. Dryden. With such impudence did he push this matter, that when he heard the cries of above a million of people begging for their bread, he termed it the clamours of faction.-Addison.

Arts and sciences, in one and the same century, have arrived at great perfection, and no wonder. since every age has a kind of universal genius, which inclines those that live in it to some particular studies, the work then being pushed on by many hands, must go forward.-Dryden.

Roscius deceased, each high aspiring play'r Pushed all his interest for the vacant chair.

Churchill, The Rosciad.

The argument may even be pushed farther: it may be held that if laws be passed totally incompatible in principle with the distinct spiritual existence of the Church, still she must submit to them until it has become evident that they impair in practice her essential powers.-Gladstone, The State in its Relations with the Church, ch. vi. § 34. Urge; drive.

Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honour to the actor.-Addison, Spectator.

Enforce; drive to a conclusion.

We are pushed for an answer, and are forced at last freely to confess, that the corruptions of the administration were intolerable.-Swift. Importune; teaze. Push. v. n.

1. Make a thrust.

2.

None shall dare

With shortened sword to stab in closer war,
Nor push with biting point, but strike at length.
Dryden, Palamon and Arcite, iii. 508.

A calf will so manage his head, as though he would push with his horns even before they shoot. -Ray.

Lambs, though they never saw the actions of their species, push with their foreheads, before the budding of a horn.-Addison. Make an effort.

War seem'd asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides resolv'd to push, we tried our strength. Dryden, Translation from Ovid, Contention of Ajax and Ulysses.

(For example see under Pushing, part. adj.) Push. s.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Thrust; act of striking with a pointed instrument.

Ne might his corse be harmed
With dint of sword or push of pointed spear.

Spenser.

They, like resolute men, stood in the face of the breach, receiving them with deadly shot and push of pike, in such furious manner, that the Turks began to retire.-Knolles, History of the Turks. Impulse; force impressed.

So great was the puissance of his push, That from his saddle quite he did him bear.

Spenser.

Jove was not more pleased With infant nature, when his spacious hand Had rounded this huge ball of earth and seas To give it the first push, and see it roll Along the vast abyss.

Addison, Guardian,

I dropped my newspaper.... It was exactly under the feet of one of the Frenchmen; I asked him with the greatest civility, to move: he made no reply. I could not, for the life of me, refrain from giving him a slight, very slight push; the next moment he moved in good earnest; the whole party sprang up as he set the example.-Lord Lytton, Pelham, ch. xiii. Assault; attack.

He gave his countenance against his name,
To laugh with gibing boys, and stand the push
Of every beardless vain comparative.

Shakespear, Henry IV. Part I. iii. 2. When such a resistance is made, these bold talkers will draw in their horns, when their fierce and feeble pushes against truth are repeiled with pushing and confidence.-Watts.

Forcible onset; strong effort.

A sudden push gives them the overthrow: Ride, ride, Messala. Shakespear, Julius Cæsar, v. 2. We have beaten the French from all their advanced posts, and driven them into their last entrenchments: one vigorous push, one general assault will force the enemy to cry out for quarter.-Addison. Exigence; trial; extremity.

There's time enough for that;

Lest they desire, upon this push, to trouble

Your joys with like relation. Id., Winter's Tale, v.3. 'Tis common to talk of dying for a friend; but when it comes to the push, 'tis no more than talk.Sir R. L'Estrange.

The question we would put, is not whether the sacrament of the mass be as truly propitiatory, as those under the law? but whether it be as truly a sacrifice? if so, then it is a true proper sacrifice, and is not only commemorative or representative, as we are told at a push.-Bishop Atterbury.

Push. s. [?] In Medicine. Pimple; small boil; boil.

It was a proverb amongst the Grecians, that he that was praised to his hurt should have a push rise upon his nose; as we say that a blister will rise upon one's tongue that tells a lie.-Bacon, Essays, Of Praise.

There is a very common, and a very teasing pustular disease of the skin, usually called a boil, in some parts of England a push, and by the learned Furunculus.-Sir T. Watson, Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic, lect. xc. Push-a-pike. s. ? Pushpin.

Since only those at kick and cuff
Are beat that cry We 've had enough;'
But when at push-a-pike we play
With beauty, who shall win the day?
Hudibras Redivivus: 1709. (Nares by
H. and W.)

Púshing. part. adj. Forcing one's way.

[A woman] cannot push at the bar, or in the church, or in business.. Pushing is a feature peculiarly characteristic of the English....salon. There are three periods in the career of a pushing woman.-Saturday Review, May 2, 1868: art. Pushing Women.

| Púshing. verbal abs. Act of forcing one's way, in society or business.

(For example see under preceding entry.)

Púshpin. S. Game so called; putpin; Spillikens.

Men, that have wandering thoughts at the voice of wisdom out of the mouth of a philosopher, deserve as well to be whipt as boys for playing at pushpin, when they should be learning.-Sir R. L'Estrange.

PUSI

Pusillanímity. s. [Fr. pusillanimité; Lat. pusillus = little + animus = mind.] Meanness of spirit.

The property of your excellent sherris is the warming of the blood, which, before cold and settled, left the liver white and pale, the badge of pusillanimity and cowardice.-Shakespear, Henry IV. Part II. iv. 3.

The Chinese sail where they will; which sheweth that their law of keeping out strangers is a law of pusillanimity and fear.-Bacon, New Atlantis.

It is obvious to distinguish between an act of courage and an act of rashness, an act of pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility.South, Sermons.

Pusillánimous. adj. Meanspirited.

An argument fit for great and mighty princes. that neither by overmeasuring their forces they lose themselves in vain enterprizes; nor, on the other side, by undervaluing them, descend to fearful and pusillanimous counsels.-Bacon, Essays, Of the true Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates.

He became pusillanimous, and was easily ruffled with every little passion within; supine, and as openly exposed to any temptation from without.Woodward, Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth.

What greater instance can there be of a weak pusillanimous temper than for a man to pass his whole life in opposition to his own sentiments? Spectator. Pusillánimously. adv. In a pusillanimous manner; with pusillanimity.

The rebels, pusillanimously opposing that new torrent of destruction, gaze a while.-Sir T. Herbert, Relation of some Years' Travels into Africa and the Great Asia, p. 86,

Puss. s.

1. Term by which a cat is called; vocative term for that animal (though by no means the vocative case of cat).

A young fellow, in love with a cat, made it his humble suit to Venus to turn puss into a woman. Sir R. L'Estrange.

Let puss practise what nature teaches.-Watts.

2. Hare.

Poor honest puss,

It grieves my heart to see thee thus;

Be comforted, relief is near,

For all your friends are in the rear.

Gay, Fables, The Hare and many Friends. She was no sooner gone than I was summoned by the bell to my lady's chamber, where I found her sitting squat on her hams on the floor, in the manner of puss when she listens to the outcries of her pursuers.-Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxxix.

'Hark ye, fellow,' he continued, addressing Wayland, thou shalt not give puss a hint to steal away -we must catch her in her form.'-Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth, ch. xxix.

Puss-in-a-corner.

Game so called.

I will permit my son to play at apodidrascinda, which can be no other than our puss in a corner.— Arbuthnot and Pope.

Pústular. adj. Having the character of, constituted by, proceeding from, a pustule.

Cancer-cells having begun to be deposited at a particular place, continue to be deposited at that place. Tubercular matter, making its appearance at particular points, collects more and more round those points. And similarly in numerous pustular diseases.-Herbert Spencer, Inductions of Biology. (For another example see Push, s. in Medicine.) Pústulate. v. a. Form into pustules or blisters.

Besides the blains pustulated to afflict his [Job's] body, the devil not only instigated his wife to grieve his mind, but disturbed his imagination likewise to terrify his conscience.-Stackhouse, History of the Bible.

Pústule. s. [Lat. pustula.] Cutaneous eruption (like pimples, boils, and the eruption of small-pox) containing pus.

The blood turning acrimonious, corrodes the vessels, producing hemorrhages, pustules red, black, and gangrenous.-Arbuthnot.

PUT

brought up to Lord Albermarle, who was playing a game of put with his Grace the Duke of Portland; at that time put was a most fashionable game; but games are like garments, as they become old they are cast off, and handed down to the servants.Marryat, Snarleyyow, vol. iii. ch. xiii.

Put. v. a. [?]

1.

2.

3.

4.

Lay or reposit in any place.

God planted a garden,... and there he put the man whom he had formed.-Genesis, ii. 8.

Thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth.-Exodus, iv. 15.

If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard shall he make restitution. -Ibid., xxii. 5.

In these he put two weights. Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 1002. Feed land with beasts and horses, and after both put in sheep.-Mortimer, Husbandry. Place in any situation.

When he had put them all out, he taketh the father and the mother of the damsel, and them that were with him, and entereth in where the damsel was lying.-Mark, v. 40. Four speedy cherubims Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 516. Place in any state or condition.

And he took of the stones of that place and put them for his pillows.-Genesis, xxviii. 11.

He put them all together into ward three days.Ibid., xli. 17.

She shall be his wife... he may not put her away all his days.-Deuteronomy, xxii. 29.

13.

Put me in a surety with thee.-Job, xvii. 3.
He hath put my brethren far from me.-Ibid., xix.

As we were allowed of God to be put in trust with the gospel, even so we speak, not as pleasing men, but God.-1 Thessalonians, ii. 4.

They shall ride upon horses, every one put in array like a man to the battle against thee.-Jeremiah, 1. 42.

Before we will lay by our just borne arms, We'll put thee down, 'gainst whom these arms we bear,

Or add a royal number to the dead.

Shakespear, King John, ii. 2. This question ask'd puts me in doubt. Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 888. So nature prompts; so soon we go astray, When old experience puts us in the way. Men may put government into what hands they please.-Locke.

Dryden.

He that has any doubt of his tenets, received without examination, ought to put himself wholly into this state of ignorance, and throwing wholly by all his former notions, examine them with a perfect indifference.-Id.

Declaring by word or action a sedate, settled design upon another man's life, puts him in a state of war with him.-Id.

As for the time of putting the rams to the ewes, you must consider at what time your grass will maintain them.-Mortimer, Husbandry.

If without any provocation gentlemen will fall upon one, in an affair wherein his interest and reputation are embarked, they cannot complain of being put into the number of his enemies.-Pope. Repose.

How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen ? -2 Kings, xviii. 24.

[God] was entreated of them, because they put their trust in him.-1 Chronicles, v. 20.

5. Trust; give up: (as, 'He put himself into the pursuer's hands').

Rejoice before the Lord thy God in all that thou puttest thine hands unto.-Deuteronomy, xii. 18. He will take your menservants, and your maidservants, and your goodliest young men, and asses, and put them to his work.-1 Samuel, viii. 16.

No man having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.-Luke,

ix. 62.

Chymical operations are excellent tools in the hands of a natural philosopher, and are by him applicable to many nobler uses than they are wont to be put to in laboratories.-Boyle.

The avarice of their relations put them to painting, as more gainful than any other art.-Dryden, Translation of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting.

The great difference in the notions of mankind, is from the different use they put their faculties to.Locke.

A sinew cracked seldom recovers its former strength, or the memory of it leaves a lasting caution in the man, not to put the part quickly again to robust employment.-Locke.

I expect an offspring, docile and tractable in whatever we put them to.-Tatler.

Use any action by which the place or state of anything is changed.

If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour's goods.-Exodus, xxii. 8.

I do but keep the peace: put up thy sword. Shakespear, Romeo and Juliet, i. 1. Put up your sword; if this young gentleman' Have done offence, I take the fault on me.

Id., Twelfth Night, iii. 4. Whatsoever cannot be digested by the stomach, is by the stomach put up by vomit, or put down to the guts.-Bacon.

It puts a man from all employment, and makes a man's discourses tedious.-Jeremy Taylor, Rule and Exercises of Holy Living.

A nimble fencer will put in a thrust so quick, that the foil will be in your bosom, when you thought it a yard off.-Sir K. Digby.

Instead of making apologies, I will send it with my hearty prayers, that those few directions I have here put together may be truly useful to you.Archbishop Wake.

A man, not having the power of his own life, cannot put himself under the absolute arbitrary power of another to take it.-Locke.

He will know the truth of these maxims upon the first occasion that shall make him put together those ideas, and observe whether they agree or disagree.Id.

When you cannot get dinner ready, put the clock back.-Swift, Advice to Servants, Directions to the Cook.

Cause; produce.

There is great variety in men's understanding; and their natural constitutions put so wide a difference between some men, that industry would never be able to master.-Locke.

Comprise; consign to writing.

The Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing.-2 Chronicles, xxxvi. 22.

Add: (with to).

Whatsoever God doeth it shall be for ever; nothing can be put to it, nor anything taken from it. -Ecclesiastes, iii. 14.

Place in a reckoning.

If we will rightly estimate things, we shall find, that most of them are wholly to be put on the account of labour.-Locke.

That such a temporary life, as we now have is better than no being, is evident by the high value we put upon it ourselves.-Id.

Reduce to any state.

And five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight.Leviticus, xxvi. 8.

So is the will of God, that with well-doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men.-1 Peter, ii. 15.

Marcellus and Flavius, for pulling scarfs off Cæsar's images, are put to silence.-Shakespear, Julius Caesar, i. 2.

This dishonours you no more, Than to take in a town with gentle words, Which else would put you to your fortune. Id., Coriolanus, iii. 2. The Turks were in every place put to the worst, and lay by heaps slain.-Knolles, History of the Turks.

This scrupulous way would make us deny our senses; for there is scarcely anything but puts our reason to a stand.-Collier.

Some modern authors, observing what straits they have been put to to find out water for Noah's flood, say, Noah's flood was not universal, but a national inundation.-Burnet.

We see the miserable shifts some men are put to, when that which was founded upon and supported by idolatry is become the sanctuary of atheism.Bentley.

14. Oblige; urge.

Those that put their bodies to endure in health, may, in most sicknesses, be cured only with diet and tendering.-Bacon.

The discourse I mentioned was written to a private friend, who put me upon that task.-Boyle.

When the wisest council of men have with the greatest prudence made laws, yet frequent emergencies happen which they did not foresee, and therefore they are put upon repeals and supplements of such their laws; but Almighty God, by one simple foresight, foresaw all events, and could therefore fit laws proportionate to the things he made.-Sir M. Hale.

We are put to prove things, which can hardly be made plainer.-Archbishop Tillotson.

Where the loss can be but temporal, every small