civilization in which he does not partake, and everyone finds his appropriate place and work in the service of the common good. If we are Christians in more than name, we must believe that such a society is possible, nay, that it is what man was made for, and what certainly will yet be realized in the world. And the service of truth for us Christians must be to do our part in bringing about this ideal by making ourselves and others, as far as we can, fit to be citizens in such a kingdom of God upon earth; a kingdom which, far off as it seems, is the desire of all nations, the earnest expectation and object for which all good men now strive, and in the past have been striving, and which perhaps is nearer to us than we think." Faith is this ideal which may be said to be the very core of the apostle Paul's ethical teaching, is the incentive and motive-power for the making of individuals and for the transformation of all forms of social life. It begins in time, but it will have its consummation in eternity, of which every stage in the progressive evolution of man is a prophecy and promise. All things are tending towards this goal, and
"Step by step since time began
We see the steady gain of man.”
The manifold resources and labours of the world, the various gifts of civilization, the arts and sciences, thought and enterprise, industry and education, all the efforts for the social and spiritual salvation of mankind-are working together for this great end, the building up of the body of Christ. "The one increasing purpose" of the ages will be consummated when "we all come in the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God unto a full-grown man, unto the measure of the stature of the
1 Edw. Caird, Lay Sermons, p. 42.
fulness of Christ." In the furtherance of this end each individual must take his part according to his station and gifts; and across the centuries there comes to all of us the echo of the apostle's final message to the Church of Corinth as the sum of all his ethical counsel: "Finally, brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace; and the God of love and peace shall be with you." 1
Absoluteness of ideal, 114.
Abstinence, see Temperance, 121.
Accountability of man, 60, 80, 82.
Actions indifferent, determinate,
and permissible, 231.
Adam, disobedience of, 82, 90.
Adaptability of Paul, 39.
Adultery and divorce, 294.
Aestheticism and art, 320.
Affirmation and renunciation, 121,
235 f.
Alexander, 46; Conquest of, 124.
Alexandrian theology, 36 ff.
Almsgiving, 249, 274; Wordsworth
on, 275.
Altruism, 121, 258 ff.
Ambition, proper, 255.
Amiable virtues, 186 ff.; Lecky
on, 119.
Amusement, 255. See Recreation.
Ancestral influences on Paul, 29 ff.
Apologetic element in Epistles, 7.
Aratus, 41.
Aristotle, Definition of ethics, 17,
96; Expert' of, 105; The
'mean' of, 118; Limited view of,
124; Highest good, 155; Life, as
growth, 198; Life, social, 258.
Art, Paul's relation to, 320;
Renan's criticism, 320; Greek
view of life, 235; Goethe, 235.
Asceticism, 21, 85; of Rome, 115,
239; Browning quoted, 240;
Paul opposed to, 121, 245-6, 311.
Athens, 47, 320.
Atonement, doctrine of, 136.
Aubertin, 48, note.
Augustine, 80, 86, 269; View of
state, 316; On worth of indi-
vidual, 324.
Baptism, aid to life, 222, 341.
See Sacraments.
Barnabas, 279, 184, where for
'Silas' read 'Barnabas.'
Baring-Gould, Life of Paul,' 253.
Baur, 39, 58.
Beneficence, 248-9, 274-5.
Benevolence and goodness, 273.
Bernard, St., 225, 363.
Beyschlag, 58.
Bible, see Scripture.
Blessedness, 103, 159, 160, 161.
Body, 64, 75; Hellenistic theory
of, 74 ff.; No disparagement of,
85; Bodily organism, 239, 240;
Bodily exercise, 254, 363.
Bousset, 119.
Bradley, 258.
Bravery, see Courage.
Brotherhood, 54, 110, 324 f., 346.
Brotherly love, nature and ground
of, 260 ff.; Its limits, 262;
Manifestations, 263 ff.
Bruce, A. B., quoted, 58, 74, 76,
77, 145, 147, 200, 343.
Bruce, W. S., 284, 296, 308-9.
Browning quoted, 150, 161, 168,
194, 201, 208, 211, 213, 214, 216,
240, 362.
Buddha, -ism-Withdrawal of self,
122; Motives, 155, 356.
Bussell, F. W., quoted, 328.
Caird, E., 8, 42, 365.
Calling, life a, 165 ff., 255, 341.
Cardinal virtues, 179 ff.
Categorical imperative, 114.
Celibacy, 242, 246, 287.
Celsus, 304.
Character, constituents of, 175,
354, 358.
Characteristics of ideal, 113, 352,
357.
Charity, see Love.
Chastity, 208, 243, 245.
Child, Children-Duties of, 296 ff.;
Meagre reference to, 297.
Christ, and Paul, 5, 8 ff.; and
Adam, 82; A possible, in man,
90; as ideal, 104; Pattern, 105;
Power, 107; Principle, 109; as
Creator, 129, 135, 141; as
Sacrifice, 137; and Spirit, 139;
Head of body, 141; Sanctions
of, 159; Earthly life of, 176;
Equality in, 283, 347; Imitation
of, 108, 171; Sufferings of, 216;
Supremacy of, 330; The ulti-
mate, 353, 357, 364; Value of
God, 333.
Chrysostom, 269, 292.
Church, 111, 112, 221, 343.
Clark, W. N., 144.
Clarke, W. H., 261.
Cleanthes, 41.
Comfort, 275.
Communism, 248, 347.
Comprehensiveness of Paul's ideal,
Darwin, 71; Influence of, on
theory of State, 308.
Death, as result of sin of Adam,
83; Paul's attitude to, 349;
Life by, 236; of Christ, 136-7.
Democracy, 323.
Denney, Professor, 332.
Determinism of Stoicism, 42; Paul
no determinist, 144.
Development, in Pauline writings,
20; of conscience, 71; of faith,
152; of history, 324, 365; of
new life, 198 ff.
Devotion to God, 232. See Love
and Service.
Dickson, Flesh and Spirit,' 66,
74, 79.
Diderot, on passion, 119.
Discipline, of life, 212; Means of,
214; of Paul, 217; of children,
299, 341.
Divine, in Stoicism, 42; imma-
nence, 49; in man's conscience,
70, 72; in man, 89. Divine will,
element
in faith, 153; love, 157;
-calling, 165; Sonship, 168.
Sanctification, — in origin, 205;
aids to spiritual culture,
212; Word, 220; Marriage,
divine institution, 286; State,
310, 314; Christ, 331-333. See
God.
Dods, Marcus, 247, 267, 290.
Dogmatics and ethics, 2; of Paul,
6, 18.
Döllinger, 'Hyppolitus and Cal-
listus,' 295.
Dubose, 82, 89, 110.
Duty, Duties, 229 ff.; Relation to
virtues, 229; for duty's sake,
229; Distinctions of, 231; Per-
sonal, 233; Love motive of all,
233; Kant on, 232; of work,
350; of contentment, 255; of
veracity, 267; Conflict of, 269;
Wordsworth's ode to, 230; to
others, 258 ff.; of family, 284 ff.;
of woman as to adornment, 292;
of Reverence, 293; of husband
and wife, 293; of parents and
children, 296; of masters and
servants, 300; to State, 307; to
Church, 343 ff.
Dynamic of new life, 126 ff.; on
divine side, 130; on human side,
142 ff.; Power, 353, 356.
Economic questions, 319, 321;
Harnack on, 357, 359.
Edification, 275.
Education of Paul, 27 ff.; Pales-
tinian, 36; Greco-Roman en-
vironment, 38 ff.; of children,
297, 299; Entrusted to slaves,
304.
Epictetus, 42, 125.
Episcopus, Marriage of, 295.
Epistles of Paul, Authority of, 19;
Chronology of, 20; Development
of, 21.
Equality, in regard to slaves, 305;
of men and women in Christ,
290; Idea of, root of modern
democracy, 323.
Ernesti, 314.
Ethics, of Synoptics, 4; of Christ
and Paul, 8 ff.; Definition of, 17;
of Old Testament, 32 ff.; of
Stoics, 42; Ideal, 96 ff.; Motives,
154; Virtues, 174; Duties, 229;
of Body, 239; of Marriage, 242,
286; of Work, 218, 250; Veracity,
268; of War, 269; of Slavery,
21, 300; of Recreation, 252; of
Revolt, 319; Ultimate of, 352 ff.;
Idealism and Dynamic in, 356;
and Dogmatics, 364.
Evil, Antithesis of good and, 32;
Stoic view of, 45; Greek view
of flesh, 74; Paul's view, 78.
Example, of Christ, 105 ff.; Limits
of, 107; 'Imitatio Christi,' 108;
Kant's view, 108; as motive,
171; Paul's, 132, 172; Influence
of, 276; Schleiermacher and
Rothe on, 277.
'Expositor' papers on ethical
teaching cited, 62.
Fairbairn, A. M., 1, 2.
Faith, 11; as dynamic, 146; Mean-
ing of, 147; Intellectual assent,
147; Moral trust, 148; Justifica-
tion of, 149; Moral energy, 150;
as virtue, 193; Connected with
love and hope, 195; Browning
quoted, 194; Free active prin-
ciple, 151; of whole man, 152;
Growing power, 152; and works,
152; and Holy Spirit, 153; and
Repentance, 144; in God, 339-
40, 350.
Family, life and duties, 284 ff.
Farrar, 39, 48.
Fellowship with God, 136; with
Christ, 153; Emblem of mar-
riage, 294, 344, 347, 353.
Fichte, 71, 193, 269, 277.
Flesh, 64, 73 ff.,
81;
of, 85, 243. See Body.
Fleury, 48.
Folly, foolishness, 181, 182.
Forbearance, 279.
Force, 129. See Dynamic and
Power.
Forgiveness, 190-1-3, 281.
Fornication, 243, 289, 294.
Forsyth, P. T., The Person and
Place of Jesus Christ,' 333.
Fortitude or courage, 183.
Freedom, 52, 53; and Sin, 80, 82;
and Destiny, 84; and Determin-
ism, 144; and Grace, 142, 143,
326.
Free-will, Problem of, 131, 142.
Fruit, suggestive of growth, 202;
of spirit, 119, 178.
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