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town with New Ulm, a village situated in Bavaria on the opposite side of the Danube. The cathedral of Ulm, built between 1377 and 1488, is a fine specimen of Gothic architecture and German art in the middle ages. It is 485 feet long, 200 feet broad, and 150 feet high, and the western tower 220 feet. It contains several valuable monuments and works of art, including stained glass windows, paintings, carved work, and a remarkably fine organ. There are several other churches, a museum, a library, many charitable institutions, a theatre, and a palace in which one of the princes of Würtemberg resides. Linen goods, brass ware, leather, paper, &c., are manufactured.-Ulm was for many years an imperial free city, and its wealth became proverbial; but its prosperity has been much injured by its military importance, its possession having been contested in nearly all the great German wars. It surrendered to Napoleon, Oct. 17, 1805, when 24,000 Austrian troops under Gen. Mack were made prisoners. It is at present garrisoned by the troops of Würtemberg, Bavaria, and Austria.

ULPIAN (DOMITIUS ULPIANUS), a Roman jurist, assassinated at Rome, A. D. 228. He was of Tyrian origin, and during the reigns of Septimius Severus and Caracalla was engaged in writing juristical works. When Elagabalus ascended the throne in 217 he was banished, but on the accession of Alexander Severus in 222 he became one of the chief advisers of that monarch, who made him Scriniorum magister, consiliarius, and præfectus annona. He also held the office of prætorian prefect. He was killed by the soldiers in the presence of the emperor and his mother. Ulpian was one of the most distinguished of the Roman jurists, and from his works, which were very numerous, a much larger proportion of excerpts was taken by the compilers of the Digest in the time of Justinian than from any other legal writer.

ULRICI, HERMANN, a German philosopher and critic, born in Pförten, Lower Lusatia, March 23, 1806. He was educated at Halle and Berlin, and practised law for a time, but after the death of his father in 1829 devoted himself to the study of history, poetry, and art. In 1834 he was made extraordinary professor in the university of Halle, which position he still holds. Among his works are: Charakteristik der antiken Historiographie (Berlin, 1833); Geschichte der Hellenischen Dichtkunst (2 vols., Berlin, 1835); Ueber Shakspeare's dramatische Kunst (Halle, 1839), in which he advances the idea that the object of the poet was the maintenance of a religious theory, Christian in its character with a Protestant tendency; Ueber Princip und Methode der Hegel'schen Philosophie (1841); Das Grundprincip der Philosophie (2 vols., Leipsic, 1845-'6), &c.

ULSTER, a S. E. co. of New York, bounded E. by the Hudson river, and drained by the Esopus, Rondout, and Wallkill creeks; area, 1,204 sq. m.; pop. in 1860, 76,379. The surface is broken by the Catskill and Shawan

gunk ridges, and the soil is generally best adapted to grazing. The productions in 1855 were 20,185 bushels of wheat, 278,105 of oats, 242,229 of Indian corn, 70,676 of buckwheat, 134,539 of potatoes, 397,754 of apples, 64,795 tons of hay, and 1,669,631 lbs. of butter. There were 2 forges, 5 furnaces, 2 cotton and 4 woollen factories, 4 paper mills, 11 wintergreen distilleries, 5 grist mills, 95 saw mills, 30 tanneries, 100 churches, 7 newspaper offices, and in 1858 25,556 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore, limestone, slate, and marl are found, and there are indications of the existence of coal, lead, plumbago, and alum. The Delaware and Hudson canal passes through the county. Capital, Kingston.

ULSTER, the northernmost of the four provinces of Ireland, bounded W. and N. by the Atlantic ocean, E. by the North channel and Irish sea, S. E. by the province of Leinster, and S. W. by that of Connaught, and comprised between lat. 53° 45′ and 55° 25' N., and long. 5° 25' and 8° 50′ W.; area, 8,527 sq. m.; pop. in 1861, 1,910,408, nearly Protestants. It is divided into the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone. The coasts are generally rugged and indented by numerous fine bays and harbors, the chief of which are Carlingford bay, Dundrum bay, Strangford lough, Belfast lough, Lough Larne, Lough Foyle, Lough Swilly, Mulroy bay, Sheep Haven, and Donegal bay. The principal rivers are the Erne, Foyle, Bann, and Lagan. A considerable part of the surface is mountainous, and two chains traverse the province from E. to W., the highest peaks being in the counties of Donegal and Down; Erigal in the former and Slieve Donard in the latter are respectively 2,460 and 2,796 feet high. Between these ranges there is an extensive tract of undulating ground, near the central part of which is situated Lough Neagh. The other largest lakes are Upper and Lower Lough Erne, Loughs Melvin, Shulin, Oughter, Derg, Esk, and Veagh. Ulster is the seat of the Irish linen manufacture, and about of the population of the province derive subsistence from it. Cotton is extensively manufactured about Belfast. Internal communication is facilitated by means of several railways and canals, and numerous excellent roads.-Ulster was partly conquered and held as an earldom under Henry II. by John de Courcy, from whom it was transferred to Hugh de Lacy; and by descent from him, through the De Burgh and Mortimer families, the title was merged in the crown of England under Edward IV. Numerous insurrections having occurred, in the reign of James I. means were adopted for forming settlements of English and Scotch emigrants, called in history the plantation of Ulster. It was intended by confiscation to break up the power of the native chiefs and drive them and their followers into Connaught; but a few of the Irish were allowed to remain. The grantees were termed "un

dertakers." Lots of 1,000 to 2,000 acres were conferred upon condition of their being settled by Scotch or English tenants; but the "Irish servitors" had the choice of taking either English or Irish tenants. Some of the trading companies and the corporation of the city of London obtained large grants, from which circumstance the prefix of London was placed before the town and county of Derry. A large proportion of the colonists were Scotch, and so many of their peculiarities have been transferred to the people of Ulster that in other parts of Ireland they are called Scotsmen. ULTRAMARINE (Lat. ultra, beyond, and marinus, marine), a beautiful blue pigment, so named from the foreign sources from which it was originally obtained. It was formerly known only as a product of the mineral lapis lazuli, also called ultramarine. (See LAPIS LAZULI.) From the analysis of this mineral chemists were led to produce the same compound artificially, and its manufacture is now carried on upon a large scale in Germany, The substance is mainly a silicate of soda and alumina, containing the sulphurets of iron and sodium. According to one method, it is produced by grinding together equal parts of silica, sulphur, and carbonate of soda, by which a bluish green mass is obtained. This is ignited in the air, and various finishing processes are applied to the bluish powder. The product is extremely cheap compared with the real ultramarine, and is inferior to it as a pigment. The ordinary sorts are largely used in calico printing, color printing, and dyeing, in paper staining, and in the manufacture of sealing wax; and their use is rapidly increasing. The best artificial ultramarine, prepared only for the use of artists, is a much more expensive material, owing to the great number and variety of processes required in its manufacture. The principal ultramarine factory is that of Messrs. Zeltner and Heyne at Nuremberg; the buildings are said to cover 7 acres; the central one has 24 sides, is 136 feet in diameter, and contains 96 furnaces. There are beside various mills with numerous steam engines, extensive washing apparatus, long ranges of drying rooms, and store rooms for 5,000 or 6,000 cwt. of artificial ultramarine. The works usually give employment to about 200 persons. ULTRAMONTANISM (Lat. ultra montes, beyond the mountains), a name applied to that view of the papal prerogatives in the Roman Catholic church which claims for the pope the absolute right of issuing obligatory decrees on points of doctrine or ecclesiastical discipline, without being bound to the assent of acumen ical councils, national churches, bishops, or secular governments. The term originated in France, where those holding such views of the papal power were charged by their opponents with sacrificing the rights of the bishops, nations, and councils, and with placing the centre of Catholicism, to an undue extent, "beyond the mountains," at Rome. The ultramontane

system nowhere met with a greater resistance than in France, where in 1682 a national council of bishops opposed to it the liberties of the Gallican church. In Germany it was especially opposed by Febronius (Bishop Hontheim), and the convention of the archbishops of Mentz, Treves, Cologne, and Saltzburg, at Ems, in 1785. The secular governments endeavored to have the papal rights with regard to the Catholics of their countries determined by concor dats or special conventions. The effort to secure by means of such conventions the largest possible extent of papal rights is also commonÎy designated as ultramontanism.

ULYSSES, or ODYSSEUS (Gr. Odvoσevs), one of the most distinguished of the Greek leaders at the siege of Troy. According to the Homeric account, he was the son of Laertes and Anticlea, and married Penelope, the daughter of Icarius, by whom he had a son named Telemachus. Ruling in Ithaca, it was with great difficulty that he could be induced to join the expedition against Troy. According to one form of the legend, he simulated insanity to avoid taking part; but the shrewdness of Palamedes exposed the deception by placing in the furrow where Ulysses was ploughing his infant son Telemachus. The falsity of his madness being thus disclosed, he joined the Gre cian fleet at Aulis with 12 ships, and when the expedition had reached Tenedos was sent with Menelaus to Troy to demand Helen and the stolen property. The mission was unsuccessful. In the 10 years' war he was distinguished for his prowess as a warrior, but far more for his eloquence, sagacity, and inexhaustible resources under difficulties. After the death of Achilles his armor was offered as a prize to the greatest warrior in the Greek army, and Ulysses and Ajax became rivals for the honor, the former proving successful. By his contrivance the Palladium was carried away from Troy by stealth, and he was one of the heroes concealed in the wooden horse which the Trojans incau tiously introduced into the city. His 10 years' wanderings after the close of the siege, which form the subject of the Odyssey, are still more celebrated. After various adventures he was thrown upon the coasts of the Lotophagi, where his companions, having eaten of the lo tus, wished to remain. He however succeeded in inducing them to depart, sailed to the island of the Cyclops, and with 12 of his followers entered the cave of Polyphemus, who devoured 6 of his companions. In order to save himself and the rest, Ulysses, managing to make the giant drunk with wine, put out his one eye with a burning pole, and then tying himself and his companions under the bodies of the sheep, when these were let out of the cave they were carried out with them. Polyphemus implored his father Neptune to visit Ulysses with his vengeance, and the remainder of his voyage was constantly disturbed by the enmity of the god of the sea. Reaching the island of Eolus, Ulysses was presented by that deity on his de

parture with a bag containing the winds that were to bring him home; but his followers opened the bag without his knowledge, the winds escaped, and the vessels were driven back to the island, where the angry Æolus refused any further assistance. After 6 days he reached the country of the cannibal Læstrygones, from which he escaped with only one ship. Thence he sailed to Exa, inhabited by the sorceress Circe, who changed part of his followers into swine. Through the aid of Mercury he was enabled to overcome her spells, and his companions resumed their human shape. Circe now treated them kindly, and by her advice Ulysses descended into Hades to consult the seer Tiresias. The prophet assured him that every thing would yet turn out right if the herds of Helios in Trinacria should be left unharmed. Returning to Exa, he was carried to the island of the sirens, but by filling the ears of his companions with wax and tying himself to the mast he passed them in safety. Going between Scylla and Charybdis, the former devoured 6 of his followers. Coming to Trinacria, he was compelled by his companions, much against his will, to land. There they were detained by storms, and while he was sleeping some of the finest of the cattle of Helios, which they had sworn not to touch, were killed and eaten by his followers. As soon as they were again on the open sea, another storm arose, and the vessel was destroyed by Jupiter with a stroke of lightning, all on board being drowned with the exception of Ulysses. He was carried to the island of Ogygia, inhabited by the nymph Calypso, who promised him immortality and eternal youth if he would marry and remain with her. But he longed to revisit his native land, and after a stay of 8 years embarked on a raft, and reached Scheria, from which place he was sent to Ithaca in a ship, having been absent 20 years. He found his wife beset by suitors (see PENELOPE), made his appearance first as a swineherd, and then disclosed himself to his son Telemachus, and by the assistance of the goddess Minerva, whose special favorite he was, succeeded in killing the suitors and the faithless servants. Of the latter years of his life and of the manner of his death there are different accounts. In one, his son Telegonus by Circe, being sent to look for his father, and being shipwrecked on Ithaca and beginning to plunder for the sake of obtaining food, was attacked by Ulysses and Telemachus, and in the contest that followed Telegonus slew his own father.

UMBER. See PAINTS, vol. xii. p. 678. UMBRE, a wading bird of the heron family, and genus scopus (Briss.). The bill is longer than the head, elevated at the base, compressed laterally, keeled above and below, and a little bent at the point; the nostrils prolonged in a furrow; 3d and 4th quills equal and longest; tail short and even; tarsi longer than middle toe and scaled; front toes united by membrane to first phalanx, the hind one resting wholly on

the ground; claws short and slightly curved. The only described species, the tufted umbre (S. umbretta, Gmel.), is 20 inches long, with a bill of 3; the color is a uniform umber brown, the wings and tail barred with darker; the male has an occipital crest about 4 inches long, of loose feathers. It is a native of Africa, but its habits are not well ascertained.

UMBREIT, FRIEDRICH WILHELM KARL, & German Protestant theologian, born at Sonneborn, Gotha, April 11, 1795, died in Heidelberg, June 11, 1860. He studied theology and the oriental languages at the university of Göttingen, especially under Eichhorn, and made himself favorably known as early as 1816 by a prize essay, Commentatio Historiam Emirorum-al-Omrah ex Abulfeda exhibens (Göttingen, 1816). He became in 1818 Privatdocent at the university of Göttingen, in 1823 ordinary professor of philosophy, and in 1829 ordinary professor of theology. He is the author of a number of valuable exegetical works on the Old Testament, in which he endeavored to blend a strictly philological mode of interpretation with the theological and aesthetic. His works of this class are: Lied der Liebe (Göttingen, 1820); Uebersetzung und Auslegung des Buches Hiob (Heidelberg, 1824); Commentar über die Sprüche Salomos (Heidelberg, 1826); Christliche Erbauung aus dem Psalter (Hamburg, 1885); Grundtöne des Alten Testaments (Heidelberg, 1843); and Commentar über die Propheten des Alten Testaments (4 vols., Hamburg, 1841-'6), his principal work. He was also, with his friend Dr. Ullmann, editor of the Studien und Kritiken, the principal theological quarterly of Protestant Germany.

UMBRELLA (Lat. umbella, a little shadow, an umbrella, from umbra, a shade), a folding shade or screen carried over the head, as a protection from the rain or the sun. When of small size and used by ladies only as a sunshade, it is called a parasol (Ital. parare, to ward off, and sole, the sun). The French call what we term umbrella parapluie, thus designating its use as a defence against rain. Umbrellas are made of a light jointed frame covered with silk, cotton, or alpaca, which can be expanded at pleasure or brought down snugly around the central stick. This stick is the foundation of the frame, and is furnished at its lower end with a proper handle for supporting it, and at the upper end with a metallic ring around which are hinged the upper ends of the light ribs, most commonly of whalebone, to which a cover is attached. Near the middle of each rib is hinged a slender metallic rod or stretcher, the lower ends of which all meet in a ring that slides from the handle up sufficiently far to spread out the ribs to the required extent. Modern improvements in umbrellas consist in the use of steel for the ribs, and of superior kinds of iron, japanned to protect it from rust, for the stretchers, and in the perfection of the joints. A substitute for whalebone in the ribs of umbrellas has recently been introduced in

England, in strips of second growth white oak, selected from buts not more than 6 feet from the ground. When perfectly straight and free from knots and curls, the wood is made, by a proper method of curing, superior to whalebone in tenacity and in resuming a straight condition after being bent and exposed to the weather. For the ribs of cheap umbrellas rattan is largely used. Vulcanized India rubber has been employed for all portions of the frame. Advantage has also been taken of the combined strength and lightness of hollow tubes to apply this principle to the sticks, ribs, and stretchers of umbrellas; and for making them more portable, the handles have been formed of tubes sliding one within another like a telescope, while the ribs formed of steel are furnished with a folding hinge or joint.-Umbrellas were used in eastern countries in ancient times, and were originally designed for sunshades only. They are seen represented upon old chinaware, and are figured upon ancient carvings at Persepolis. Niebuhr describes the princes of southern Arabia as returning from a mosque preceded by a retinue of soldiers, and with attendants at the side of each carrying a large umbrella. Those used by the Chinese, Japanese, and Siamese are made with a light frame of bamboo and covered with oiled and varnished paper, and differ from ours in presenting a surface nearly flat instead of sloping when spread out. The umbrellas of the Siamese kings are said to be made with several separate circles, one above another, while others are only permitted to use them with a single circle. Some of those used by eastern dignitaries are so large as to require several persons to carry them. The ancient Greeks and Romans had umbrellas, which appear from the paintings on vases to have been very much like those of the present time; they were used chiefly as a protection against the sun, and by ladies only. Among the Greeks it was customary for female slaves to carry the parasol over the heads of the ladies; and among the Romans parasols were common presents to ladies, and to hold them over their heads was one of the common attentions of lovers. Umbrellas were introduced into Europe at a comparatively recent period, and it is not yet 100 years that they have been in general use in England. Jonas Hanway, the philanthropist, is said to have been the first man who commonly carried one in the streets, and this at a time when their use was considered a mark of great effeminacy. They were at first kept only in the halls of houses of the first class, and were used for holding over persons as they stepped to their carriages.--In the United States the manufacture of umbrellas is in many places an important branch of industry. In Philadelphia it is said to employ directly about 1,500 persons, and the annual product of the sales is from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000. Machinery of a novel design has been applied to the production of some of the parts, and, as

in the manufacture of guns, each piece is made with mathematical accuracy, and with such advantage that in one of the establishments (that of Wright brothers and co.) as many as 2,200 umbrellas and parasols are produced daily by the labor of only 450 hands. The annual consumption of silks and cottons for covering these is said to be full 1,000,000 yards, of rattan 200,000 lbs., of whalebone over 100,000 lbs., and of horn, bone, ivory, and other materials for ornamental mountings, about 75 tons. In Frankford, near Philadelphia, are establishments devoted to the manufacture of metal mountings, tips, &c. The handles are also produced in the separate works of the ivory and bone turners and carvers; and the carvings are equal to any of the same kind of work done in Europe.

UMBRELLA (Lam.), a genus of gasteropod mollusks, so called from the resemblance of the flattened shell to an umbrella. The animal has a very large tuberculated foot, deeply notched in front; the shell is small, merely covering the most important organs. The U. umbellata (Lam.), the Chinese umbrella shell, is a native of the Indian ocean.

UMBRELLA BIRD, the popular name of a singular South American bird, placed by the latest authors among the chatterers (ampelida), sub-family gymnoderinæ or fruit birds, and ge nus cephalopterus (Geoffr.). The bill is stout, long, flattened, gradually curved, with the tip notched and slightly hooked; wings moderate, rather pointed, with the 3d quill longest; tail short and rounded; toes long and slender, with curved claws. The C. ornatus (Geoffr.) is about as large as a crow, glossy black, with violet, blue, and metallic reflections on the crest and pectoral appendage. The head of the male is surmounted by a large crest of 50 to 80 feathers springing from over the nostrils, the lower half a white stiff shaft, and terminating each in a tuft of black hair-like feathers spreading in all directions, but principally forward it arises from a contractile skin on the top of the head, and when erected almost hides the bill from view; it is 5 inches in length and about 4 wide, somewhat resembling a beautiful blue umbrella, whence the above name. The skin of the neck is very loose, and from it grows a cylindrical fleshy process, about as thick as a goose quill, 1 inches long, from which extends a tuft of imbricated feathers, bordered with metallic blue, and hanging down several inches. It is found in the islands of the great South American rivers, feeding princi pally on fruits, ejecting the stones when present from the mouth; it is arboreal in habit, and utters a very loud and deep note, which has gained for it from the tribes of the Rio Negro the name of piper bird.-The arapunga or bell bird (procnia alba, Thunb.) is about 12 inches long and pure white; it has a singular cylin drical fleshy appendage, with a few small feathers, arising from the base of the bill; the mouth is very wide, enabling it to swallow large ber

ries and fruits; the voice resembles the tolling of a bell, and may be heard, according to Waterton, nearly 3 miles, and during the heat of the day, when most other birds are silent; it is a native of the forests of tropical South America.

UMBRIA, a country of ancient Italy, bounded N. by Cisalpine Gaul, E. and S. by the Adriatic, Picenum, and the territory of the Sabines, and W. by the Tiber, separating it from Etruria. Its principal cities were Ariminum (now Rimini), Pisaurum (Pesaro), Fanum Fortunæ (Fano), Mevania (Bevagna), Tuder (Todi), Narnia (Narni), and Spoletium (Spoleto). Its W. part was occupied by the Apennines; the E. stretched out toward the coast in fertile plains. Beside the Tiber, the principal rivers were the Rubicon, Ariminus (Marecchia), Pisaurus (Foglia), Metaurus (Metauro), and Esis (Esino), all flowing into the Adriatic, and the Nar (Nera), an affluent of the Tiber. The inhabitants, the Umbri, were one of the most ancient races of the peninsula, and at an early period became the most powerful people of central Italy. Etruria was originally in their possession. The Romans overcame them in 307 B. C.-The name Umbria has been revived in modern times to designate a portion of what was recently the Papal States, comprised chiefly in the delegations of Spoleto and Perugia.

UMPQÙA, a W. co. of Oregon, bounded W. by the Pacific ocean and drained by the Umpqua and Kowes rivers; area over 1,500 sq. m.; pop. in 1860, 1,250. The surface is hilly or undulating, and the soil is very fertile, producing wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, and other grains in great abundance. Capital, Umpqua City.

UMRITSIR. See AMRITSEER.
UNAU. See SLOTH.

UNCAS, a North American Indian, sachem of the Mohegan tribe in Connecticut, died about 1680, at a great age. He was originally a war chief of the Pequot nation, but in 1634 revolted from the Pequot sachem Sassacus, obtained the support of the English settlers, and so acquired dominion over the Mohegan territory. In May, 1637, he joined the English in the war against the Pequots, and proved a valuable auxiliary, receiving for his services another portion of the Pequot lands. Many of the Pequots were shielded by him from the vengeance of the English when the war was over, and for this he was for a time in partial disgrace with the authorities; but he was soon received again into so great favor with the whites that several attempts were made by different Indians to assassinate him. There was then in existence an agreement to refer all quarrels to the English. Uncas accordingly complained to them, and they joined him in a war that ended in the death of the powerful Narraganset sachem Miantonomoh, at whose instigation it was thought the attempts had been made. In 1648 the Mohawks, Pocomtocks, and other tribes made war against Uncas with but little success.

He was besieged in 1657 in his stronghold on the Connecticut by the Narraganset chief Pessacus, and nearly starved out; but he was relieved at almost the last moment by Ensign Leffingwell, who took in to him at night a canoe laden with supplies. For this act it is said that Uncas gave to Leffingwell a deed for all the land upon which the town of Norwich now stands, though that chief afterward sold it to a company. A council of commissioners of the united colonies, held at Boston in 1654, heard a great many complaints of the rapacity and injustice of Uncas, and ordered that he "be duly reproved, and seriously informed that the English cannot own or protect him in any unlawful, much less treacherous and outrageous courses." He was characterized in 1674 as "an old and wicked, wilful man, a drunkard, and otherwise very vicious; who hath always been an opposer and underminer of praying to God." He was the ally of the English in all the wars against the Indians during his life, though in King Philip's war he was too old to be of much active service.

UNGUICULATA, and UNGULATA, terms originally applied by Ray to mammals, according as they possessed claws or hoofs, though Aristotle, centuries before, had made a similar division of quadrupeds, placing among unguiculates the monkeys, bats, carnivora, and rodents, and among the ungulates the pachyderms, ruminants, and solipeds (horse). Ray placed among unguiculates the camel, elephant, and edentates, as well as those above mentioned; Linnæus followed Ray in his division of quadrupeds. This system has been variously modified by Cuvier, Swainson, Oken, C. L. Bonaparte, and Owen, the last restricting the unguiculates to the monkeys and carnivora, and the ungulates to the omnivora, ruminants, solipeds, and pachyderms. (See MAMMALIA, vol. xi. p. 125.)

UNICORN, a fabulous animal resembling a horse, with a single horn issuing from the middle of the forehead, well known as the animal which with the lion supports the coat of arms of England. The unicorn of the Bible was undoubtedly the rhinoceros; the sea unicorn is the narwhal. In Smith's "Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa," under rhinoceros keitlou, is an allusion to ndzoo-dzoo, probably a species of rhinoceros, described as about the size of a horse, very fleet, strong, and fierce, with a single horn projecting from the forehead, which comes near the usual figures of the unicorn of fable; it is met with near the tropic of Capricorn and in the country to the north of Mozambique. According to Van Zach, there is in N. Africa a ruminant of the antelope family, with a single long and straight horn upon the forehead; this may be the rhinoceros above referred to, or it may be a mutilated or entirely imaginary animal.

UNIOLA, a genus of North American grasses found on the sea coast from Long island, N. Y., to Virginia and southward. They have tough perennial roots, from the creeping rootstocks

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