Commission Officers of the Navy of the United States are divided into the following rank and denominations: Commodores, commanding squadrons. Captains, commanding frigates and vessels of 20 guns. Masters Commandant, commanding sloops-Lieuten ants. Commodores are to wear their broad pendants at all times on board the ship they command. The order of precedence and command in a ship is as follows: 1. Captain or Commander. 2. Lieutenants, agreeably to the date or number of their commissions. 3. Masters. 4. Master's Mate. 5. Boatswain. 6. Gunnner. 7. Carpenter. 8. Midshipmen. SALUTES.-When the President shall visit a ship of the United States Navy, he is to be saluted with 21 guns. Vice President, 19 guns. Heads of Departments, Governors of states and territories, and Foreign Ministers, 17 guns. Major Generals, 15 guns. Brigadier Generals, 13 guns. The Fourth of July, and the anniversary of Washington's birth day are to be celebrated by salutes of 17 guns. United States' ships of war are not to strike their topsails, nor take in their flags, in any part of the world, to any foreign ship or ships, unless such foreign ship or ships shall have first struck, or shall at the same time strike their flags and topsails to the ships of the United States; nor are they within the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, to salute any foreign ships whatever. Commanders rank with Brigadier Generals. Masters Commandant rank with Majors. Lieutenant in the navy rank with Captains in the army. UNITED STATES ARMY. According to Official Reports, the United States Regular Army in January, 1840, amounted to 12,577. The principal organization is as follows: The total non-commisioned officers, musicians and privates are 11,804. 18 26 172 208 There are two great Military Divisions, divided by a line commencing at the mouth of the Mississippi-following up the river to Cassville, in Wisconsin Territory, thence north to the boundary line between the United States and Canada. All west of that line is called the WESTERN DIVISION, all east of it the EASTERN DIVISION. The total number of the militia of the United states is about 1,400,000. The militia comprises all able-bodied white males from 18 to 45; and when called into actual service, they receive the same pay as the regular army. POST OFFICE. The following table exhibits the general condition of the Post Office Department, at different periods from 1790 to 1839, inclusive. The extent of mail transportation stated in the above table, is exclusive of the distance it is carried by steam boats and other vessels. The business is conducted in the Post Master General's office, by himself, his three assistants, and fifty-six clerks and messengers, whose aggregate salaries amount to $79,000. And in the Auditor's office, by himself and fifty-two clerks and messengers, whose aggregate salaries amount to 64,980. The communications received in the different offices, excluding the Auditor's office, amount to a daily average of about 900 for the working days, equal to 281,700 a year; the communications sent, to about 500 daily, equal to 156,500 a year; and the cases actually decided by the Post Master General, to 50 daily, equal to 15,650 a year. 64 VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS-STATISTICS OF THE PRESS. Value of Foreign Coin in money of the United States. Number of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals, published in the United States on Of the above, 116 are published daily; 14 tri-weekly; 39 semi-weekly; 991 once a week. The remainder are issued semi-monthly, monthly and quarterly-principally magazines and reviews. Many of the daily papers issue tri-weeklies, semi-weeklies, and weeklies. Thirty-eight are in the German language, four in the French, and one in the Spanish. Several of the New Orleans papers are printed in French and English. Hunt's Magazine. PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY OFFICERS, FOREIGN MINISTERS, &c., OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH DATES OF APPOINTMENT, SALARIES, AND PLACES OF RESIDENCE. Presidents. Salary, $25,000. George Washington, (Va.,) 1789 to 1797. James Madison, (Va.,) 1809 to 1817. James Monroe, (Va.,) 1817 to 1825. Vice Presidents. Salary, $5,000. John Adams, (Mass.) John C. Calhoun, (S. C.) Secretaries of State. Salary, $6,000. Thomas Jefferson, (Va.,) Sept. 26, 1789. James Monroe, (Va.,) Nov. 25, 1811. Secretaries of the Treasury. Salary, $6,000. Alex. Hamilton, (N. Y.,) Sept. 11, 1789. Secretaries of War. Henry Knox, (Mass.,) Sept. 12, 1789. Richard Rush, (Pa.,) Mar. 7, 1825. Levi Woodbury, (N. H.,) 1834. Salary, $6,000. W. H. Crawford, (Ga.,) Mar. 2, 1815. J. C. Calhoun, (S. C.,) Dec. 16, 1817. Joel R. Poinsett, (S. C.,) 1837. Secretaries of the Navy. Salary, $6,000. [The Navy Department was not established until the year 1798.] George Cabot, (Mass.,) May 3, 1798, (de- Benjamin W. Crowninshield, (Mass.,) Dec. clined.) Benjamin Stoddart, (Md.,) May 21, 1798. Benjamin Stoddart, (continued in office.) 19, 1814. S. Thompson, (N. Y.,) Nov. 30, 1818. Post-Masters General. Salary, $6,000. S. Osgood, (Mass.,) Sept. 26, 1789. Chief Justices. John Jay, (N. Y.,) Sept. 26, 1789. Associate Justices, J. Rutledge, (S. C.,) Sept. 26, 1789. 1806. Thomas Todd, (Va.,) March 2, 1807. R. J. Meigs, (Ohio,) 1814 to 1823. Salary, $5,000. John Marshall, (Va.,) Jan. 27, 1801. Roger B. Taney, (Md.) Judge Taney was nominated 28th Dec., 1835, confirmed by the Senate, March 15, 1836. Salary, $4,500. Levi Lincoln, (Mass.,) Jan. 3, 1811, (declined the appointment.) John Q. Adams, (Mass.,) Feb. 22, 1811, (declined the appointment.) Gabriel Duvall, (Md.,) Nov. 18, 1811. Attorneys General. Salary, $3,500. E. Randolph, Va., Sept. 26, 1789. Wm. Bradford, Pa., Jan. 27, 1794. Charles Lee, Va., Dec. 10, 1795. Levi Lincoln, Mass., Mar. 5, 1801. J. Breckenridge, Ky., Dec. 23, 1805. C. A. Rodney, Del., Jan. 20, 1807. Wm. Pinckney, Md., Dec. 11, 1811. Richard Rush, Pa., Feb. 10, 1814. Speakers of House of Representatives. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pa., 1st Congress, 1789. Henry Clay, Ky., 16th Con., 1819. James K. Polk, Tenn., 24th Con., 1835. MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. SALARY, $9,000. OUTFIT, $9,000. Envoys and Ministers Plenipotentiary. Thomas Pinckney, S. C., to England, Jan. 12, 1792. |