family, has been transferred to the crowded manufac tory.1
The probable consequences of these things are among the most important questions that can occupy the moralist or the philanthropist, but they do not fall within the province of the historian. That the pursuits and education of women will be considerably altered, that these alterations will bring with them some modifications of the type of character, and that the prevailing moral notions concerning the relations of the sexes will be subjected in many quarters to a severe and hostile criticism, may safely be predicted. Many wild theories will doubtless be propounded. Some real ethical changes may perhaps be effected, but these, if I mistake not, can only be within definite and narrow limits. He who will seriously reflect upon our clear perceptions of the difference between purity and impurity, upon the laws that govern our affections, and upon the interests of the children who are born, may easily convince himself that in this, as in all other spheres, there are certain eternal moral landmarks which never can be removed.
The results of this change have been treated by Miss Parkes, in her truly admirable little book called Essays on Woman's Work, better than by any other writer with whom I am acquainted.
BORTION, diversities of
judgment respecting, i. 94.
tory of the practice of, ii. 22, 26
Abraham the Hermit, St., ii. 117
Acacius, his ransom of Persian slaves,
ii. 77
Adultery, laws concerning, ii. 331
Eschylus, his views of human nature,
i. 206. His violation of dramatic
probabilities, 241
Affections, the, all forms of self-love,
according to some Utilitarians, i. 9.
Subjugation of the, to the reason,
taught by the Stoics, &c., 186, 197.
Considered by the Stoics as a disease,
198. Evil consequences of the sup-
pression of the affections, 201. Cul-
tivated by the eclectic school of philo-
sophy, 255
Africa, sacrifices of children to Saturn
in, ii. 33. Effect of the conquest of
Genseric of, 87
Agapæ, or love feasts, of the Christians,
how regarded by the pagans, i. 441;
ii. 85. Excesses of the, and their
suppression, 159
Agnes, St., legend of, ii. 338
Agricultural pursuits, history of the
decline of, in Italy, i. 281. Efforts
to relieve the agriculturists, 283
Albigenses, their slow suicides, ii. 53
Alexander the Great: effect of his ca-
reer on Greek cosmopolitanism, i. 242
Alexandria, foundation of, i. 242. Effect
of the increasing importance of, on
Roman thought, 338. The Decian
persecution at, 480. Excesses of the
Christian sects of, ii. 208, 209, note
Alexis, St., his legend, ii. 341
Alimentus, Cincius, his work written
in Greek, i. 243
Almsgiving, effects of indiscriminate, ii.
Angelo, Michael, in what he failed, ii.
384
Anglo-Saxon nations, their virtues and
vices, i. 160, 161
Animals, lower, Egyptian worship of,
defended by an Egyptian priest, 174,
note. Humanity to animals probably
first advocated by Plutarch, 258. Ani-
mals employed in the arena at Rome,
297. Instances of kindness to, 306,
307. Legends of the connection of the
saints and the animal world, ii. 171.
Pagan legends of the intelligence of
animals, 171, 172. Legislative pro-
tection of them, 172. Views as to
the souls of animals, 172. Moral
duty of kindness to animals taught
by pagans, 176. Legends in the lives
of the saints in connection with
animals, 179. Progress in modern
times of humanity to animals, 182
Antigonus of Socho, his doctrine of vir-
tue, i. 192, note
Antioch, charities of, ii. 86. Its ex-
treme vice and asceticism, 162
Antisthenes, his scepticism, i. 170
Antoninus, the philosopher, his predic-
tion, i. 453
Antoninus the Pious, his death-bed, i.
218. His leniency towards the Chris-
tians, 466, 467. Forged letter of,
467, note. His charity, ii. 82
Antony, St., his flight into the desert,
ii. 109. His mode of life, 117. His
dislike to knowledge, 123. Legend of
his visit to Paul the hermit, 166, 167
Aphrodite, the Greek ideal of the ce-
lestial and earthly, i. 109
Apollonius of Tyana, his conversation
with an Egyptian priest respecting
the Greek and Egyptian modes of
worshipping the deity, i. 174, note.
Miracles attributed to him, 395. His
humanity to animals, ii. 175
Apollonius, the merchant, his dispensary
for monks, ii. 86
Apuleius, his condemnation of suicide, i.
224. His disquisition on the doc-
trine of dæmons, 343. Practical form
of his philosophy, 349. Miracles at-
tributed to him, 396. His defence of
tooth-powder, ii. 157
Archytas of Tarentum, his speech on the
evils of sensuality, i. 211, note
Argos, story of the sons of the priestess
of Juno at, i. 217
Arians, their charges against the Catho-
lics, i. 444, note
Aristides, his gentleness, i. 240
Aristocracy of Rome, effects of the de-
struction of the power of the, on the
cosmopolitan spirit of the Romans, i.
245
Aristotle, his admission of the practice
of abortion, i. 94. Emphasis with
which he dwelt upon the utility of
virtue, 129. His patriotism, 211.
His condemnation of suicide, 224.
His opinions as to the duties of Greeks
to barbarians, 241
Arius, death of, ii. 208
Arnobius, his notice of the miracles of
Christ, i. 399
Arrian, his humanity to animals, ii. 176
Arsenius, St., his penances, ii. 114, 122,
note. His anxiety to avoid distrac-
tions, 133, note
Ascetics, estimate of the, of the dread-
ful nature of a sin, i. 117. Decline
of asceticism and evanescence of the
moral notions of which it was the ex-
pression, 117. Condition of society
to which it belongs, 136. Decline of
the ascetic and saintly qualities with
civilisation, 136. Causes of the as-
cetic movement, ii. 108. Rapid ex-
tension of the movement, 110-112.
Astounding penances attributed to the
saints of the desert, 114-116. Mise-
ries and joys of the hermit life, 120,
et seq. Dislike of the monks to know-
ledge, 123. Their hallucinations, 124.
Relations of female devotees with the
anchorites, 127, 128. Ascetic life,
ways in which the ascetic mode of
life affected both the ideal type and
realised condition of morals, 130, et
seq. Extreme animosity of the as-
cetics to everything pagan, 145. De-
cline of the civic virtues caused by
asceticism, 148. Moral effects of as-
ceticism on self-sacrifice, 164. Moral
beauty of some of the legends of the
ascetics, 166. Legends of the connee-
tion between the saints and the
animal world, 171. Practical form
of asceticism in the West, 188. In-
fluence of asceticism on chastity, 338,
339. And on marriage, 339. And on
the estimate of women, 356
Asia Minor, destruction of the churches
of, ii. 15
Asella, story of her asceticism, ii. 141
Aspasia, the Athenian courtesan, ii.
Asses, feast of, ii. 184
Association, Hartley's doctrine of, i. 23.
Enlargement of the Utilitarian school
by the doctrine, 23. Trace of it
amongst the ancients, 23. Locke's
phrase 'association of ideas,' 23. The
doctrine closely anticipated by Hut-
cheson, 23. Gay's principles, 24.
Expansion and elaboration of Hart-
ley's great work, 25. Illustrations of
the system of association, 26-30. The
theory, how far selfish, 31. The essen-
tial and characteristic feature of con-
science wholly unaccounted for by the
association of ideas, 68
Astrology, belief in, rapidly gaining
ground in the time of the elder Pliny,
i. 179, and note
Atticus, his suicide, i. 226, and note
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