family, has been transferred to the crowded manufac tory.1
The probable consequences of these things are among the most important questions that can occupy the moralist or the philanthropist, but they do not fall within the province of the historian. That the pursuits and education of women will be considerably altered, that these alterations will bring with them some modifications of the type of character, and that the prevailing moral notions concerning the relations of the sexes will be subjected in many quarters to a severe and hostile criticism, may safely be predicted. Many wild theories will doubtless be propounded. Some real ethical changes may perhaps be effected, but these, if I mistake not, can only be within definite and narrow limits. He who will seriously reflect upon our clear perceptions of the difference between purity and impurity, upon the laws that govern our affections, and upon the interests of the children who are born, may easily convince himself that in this, as in all other spheres, there are certain eternal moral landmarks which never can be removed.
The results of this change have been treated by Miss Parkes, in her truly admirable little book called Essays on Woman's Work, better than by any other writer with whom I am acquainted.
BORTION, diversities of judgment respecting, i. 94. tory of the practice of, ii. 22, 26 Abraham the Hermit, St., ii. 117 Acacius, his ransom of Persian slaves, ii. 77
Adultery, laws concerning, ii. 331
Eschylus, his views of human nature, i. 206. His violation of dramatic probabilities, 241
Affections, the, all forms of self-love, according to some Utilitarians, i. 9. Subjugation of the, to the reason, taught by the Stoics, &c., 186, 197. Considered by the Stoics as a disease, 198. Evil consequences of the sup- pression of the affections, 201. Cul- tivated by the eclectic school of philo- sophy, 255
Africa, sacrifices of children to Saturn
in, ii. 33. Effect of the conquest of Genseric of, 87
Agapæ, or love feasts, of the Christians, how regarded by the pagans, i. 441; ii. 85. Excesses of the, and their suppression, 159
Agnes, St., legend of, ii. 338 Agricultural pursuits, history of the decline of, in Italy, i. 281. Efforts to relieve the agriculturists, 283 Albigenses, their slow suicides, ii. 53 Alexander the Great: effect of his ca- reer on Greek cosmopolitanism, i. 242 Alexandria, foundation of, i. 242. Effect
of the increasing importance of, on Roman thought, 338. The Decian persecution at, 480. Excesses of the Christian sects of, ii. 208, 209, note Alexis, St., his legend, ii. 341 Alimentus, Cincius, his work written in Greek, i. 243
Almsgiving, effects of indiscriminate, ii.
Angelo, Michael, in what he failed, ii. 384
Anglo-Saxon nations, their virtues and vices, i. 160, 161
Animals, lower, Egyptian worship of, defended by an Egyptian priest, 174, note. Humanity to animals probably first advocated by Plutarch, 258. Ani- mals employed in the arena at Rome, 297. Instances of kindness to, 306, 307. Legends of the connection of the saints and the animal world, ii. 171. Pagan legends of the intelligence of animals, 171, 172. Legislative pro- tection of them, 172. Views as to the souls of animals, 172. Moral
duty of kindness to animals taught by pagans, 176. Legends in the lives of the saints in connection with animals, 179. Progress in modern times of humanity to animals, 182 Antigonus of Socho, his doctrine of vir- tue, i. 192, note
Antioch, charities of, ii. 86. Its ex- treme vice and asceticism, 162 Antisthenes, his scepticism, i. 170 Antoninus, the philosopher, his predic- tion, i. 453
Antoninus the Pious, his death-bed, i. 218. His leniency towards the Chris- tians, 466, 467. Forged letter of, 467, note. His charity, ii. 82 Antony, St., his flight into the desert,
ii. 109. His mode of life, 117. His dislike to knowledge, 123. Legend of his visit to Paul the hermit, 166, 167 Aphrodite, the Greek ideal of the ce- lestial and earthly, i. 109 Apollonius of Tyana, his conversation
with an Egyptian priest respecting the Greek and Egyptian modes of worshipping the deity, i. 174, note. Miracles attributed to him, 395. His humanity to animals, ii. 175 Apollonius, the merchant, his dispensary for monks, ii. 86
Apuleius, his condemnation of suicide, i. 224. His disquisition on the doc- trine of dæmons, 343. Practical form of his philosophy, 349. Miracles at- tributed to him, 396. His defence of tooth-powder, ii. 157
Archytas of Tarentum, his speech on the evils of sensuality, i. 211, note Argos, story of the sons of the priestess of Juno at, i. 217
Arians, their charges against the Catho- lics, i. 444, note
Aristides, his gentleness, i. 240 Aristocracy of Rome, effects of the de- struction of the power of the, on the cosmopolitan spirit of the Romans, i. 245
Aristotle, his admission of the practice of abortion, i. 94. Emphasis with which he dwelt upon the utility of virtue, 129. His patriotism, 211. His condemnation of suicide, 224. His opinions as to the duties of Greeks to barbarians, 241
Arius, death of, ii. 208
Arnobius, his notice of the miracles of Christ, i. 399
Arrian, his humanity to animals, ii. 176 Arsenius, St., his penances, ii. 114, 122,
note. His anxiety to avoid distrac- tions, 133, note
Ascetics, estimate of the, of the dread- ful nature of a sin, i. 117. Decline of asceticism and evanescence of the moral notions of which it was the ex- pression, 117. Condition of society to which it belongs, 136. Decline of the ascetic and saintly qualities with civilisation, 136. Causes of the as- cetic movement, ii. 108. Rapid ex- tension of the movement, 110-112. Astounding penances attributed to the saints of the desert, 114-116. Mise- ries and joys of the hermit life, 120, et seq. Dislike of the monks to know- ledge, 123. Their hallucinations, 124. Relations of female devotees with the anchorites, 127, 128. Ascetic life, ways in which the ascetic mode of life affected both the ideal type and realised condition of morals, 130, et seq. Extreme animosity of the as- cetics to everything pagan, 145. De- cline of the civic virtues caused by asceticism, 148. Moral effects of as- ceticism on self-sacrifice, 164. Moral beauty of some of the legends of the ascetics, 166. Legends of the connee- tion between the saints and the animal world, 171. Practical form of asceticism in the West, 188. In- fluence of asceticism on chastity, 338, 339. And on marriage, 339. And on the estimate of women, 356
Asia Minor, destruction of the churches of, ii. 15
Asella, story of her asceticism, ii. 141 Aspasia, the Athenian courtesan, ii.
Asses, feast of, ii. 184
Association, Hartley's doctrine of, i. 23. Enlargement of the Utilitarian school by the doctrine, 23. Trace of it amongst the ancients, 23. Locke's phrase 'association of ideas,' 23. The doctrine closely anticipated by Hut- cheson, 23. Gay's principles, 24. Expansion and elaboration of Hart- ley's great work, 25. Illustrations of the system of association, 26-30. The theory, how far selfish, 31. The essen- tial and characteristic feature of con- science wholly unaccounted for by the association of ideas, 68
Astrology, belief in, rapidly gaining ground in the time of the elder Pliny, i. 179, and note
Atticus, his suicide, i. 226, and note
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