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christianity to save episcopacy-AND create ten thousand infidels-RATHER than give up one useless ceremony.

Finish-BY enlarging on Baron Montesquieu's concession" That the protestant religion is more "favourable to a spirit of LIBERTY than the catho"lick."-Observe-THAT despotism is the desideratum of most princes.-THAT popery is highly fitted to serve their views. -THAT they have protected popery for this-AND not for religious reasons. -THAT they have persecuted nonconformists for their religious sentiments, merely because they supposed them to include something injurious to arbitrary power. -THAT an army of hireling priests is a very convenient machine of government.That our own history too well shews what they can do BY shewing what they have done―UNDER the Stuarts.-THAT-SO much episcopacy in a state-so much despotism-is a certain truth. -THAT universal-EQUAL-liberty is incompatible with prelacy.- THAT the nonconformists' principles of government are those of the best statesmen.-THAT to inculcate them in the church is the best preservative of the state-AND that attempts to reform is allowing on the episcopalian side a great part of what we affirm.

LECTURE VIII.

The State of Religion during the Civil Wars, and the Protectorate.

CHARLES, chagrined at the unpliableness of his parliament, fled-AND resolved in council to pass no more bills-To pawn the crown jewels for ready money-To purchase arms and ammunition -To employ the pope's nuncio to hire foreign troops to enslave his own subjects.—THIS obliged the parliament to secure magazines-To provide for the national safety-To get command of the navy AND the militia-AND to form alliance with

the Scotch.

THE nation petitioned parliament for redress of grievances THE parliament the king—BUT he full of duplicity-AND inflexibility-DENIED OR deceived them-in all-RAISED forces-PROVIDED arms-AND began a war.-THE parliament abolished episcopacy---RAISED an army-AND defended their rights.

THE parliament thought the civil magistracy might set up what religion they thought most conducive to the good of the state.-THEY, therefore, reformed universities—AND cathedrals-ENFOR CED the Sabbath-SUPPRESSED publick diversions

ORDAINED fasts-AND religious exercises-AND a great reformation of manners followed.-THE king's army remarkably profane-THAT of the parliament very sober.-CHARLES published procla

mations THE puritan clergy refused to read them

AND the king's soldiers plundered them for their refusal.THE episcopal clergy refused to obey parliament orders-AND they also were plundered in their turn-GOOD and bad were involved in the publick calamity.-THIS produced committees for scandalous ministers-PLUNDERED ministers-- &c. -RESTRAINTS of the press, &c.

THE parliament called the assembly of divines— -To reform the church-AND invited the Scots to assist them-THE Scots agreed on condition of their establishing presbyterian church government -AND for that purpose swearing to the solemn league and covenant-WHICH was accordingly subscribed by both houses-THE clergy--AND laityAND imposed on most episcopalians—BUT not on some, who were supposed free from arbitrary principles.

THE assembly addressed AND were approved by foreign churches-THEY ordained ministersTHE parliament nominated to livings AND ejected their enemies from livings-AND universities.— THE assembly published a directory instead of the old liturgy AND the parliament put down Christliturgy—AND mas AND other festivals-TRIED and executed Laud AND tried various measures for accommo

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dation with the king,

THE king was in arms for arbitrary powerTHE cavaliers for the episcopal church-THE Scots for covenant uniformity--BUT Cromwell possessed the art of overpowering all by becoming the pa

tron of all, who wished for civil and religious liberty -AND managed all with indefatigable address.

The unhappy Charles was an incorrigible tyrant—AND deserved to die—BUT they, who put him to death, had no constitutional right to do so. -NO religious party was the cause of his deathALL remonstrated against it-AND he fell a sacrifice to military power-By the hands of a few desperate officers-AND their dependents-wHo were of various religious denominations.

CROMWELL was an astonishing man-HIS capacity was uncommon-HIS address infinite-HIS courage undaunted-HIS principles of government just and liberal-HIS religion doubtful.-HE possessed all the qualifications of a chief magistrate -EXCEPT that of free popular election to govern. HE was an uniform patron of religious liberty

NECESSITY-NOT equity governed some of his actions against his principles.-SOME peculiar maxims rendered his conduct inconsistent.

CROMWELL and his army petition for toleration-QUARREL with the parliament―FORCIBLY dissolve it-ASSUME the government-CALL the little parliament-A council of officers make him protector HE calls another parliament- DISSOLVES them-TOLERATES all except papists and royalists-KEEPS them under for civil reasons-MODELS parliaments UNIVERSITIES-ARMYNAVY-FOREIGN treaties AND all branches of government so as to render himself necessary to all.-PROJECTS an union of all the reformed.INTENDS to restore monarchy-AND unite it with

universal liberty-To wear a crown-AND transmit it to his family-BUT death prevented the execution of his plan.

Finish-BY distinguishing first principles of government FROM social contracts for the preservation of them-ORDINARY obedience to established courses of law- FROM extraordinary recourses to first principles, when social contracts are in danger of dissolution.

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