here, pays the sum of 5000l. to the subsistence of our own people.

This account takes the return upon 100 cloths exported to Turkey, and makes them pay 50001. to the subsistence of our people; but we have heretofore exported annually two hundred times as many cloths for Turkey, and received for about half that quantity of cloth, the same kind of returns in raw silk for our own consumption; and consequently, our own consumption of Turkey silk paid for the subsistence of our people the sum of 500,000l. per annum, besides what is paid by the other half of that trade.

But if the consumption of 5000l. value of Turkey silk manufactured pays 500l. to the landed interest, for the wool that is exported to Turkey in manufacture, then the annual consumption of 500,000l. value of that silk must pay 50,000l. per annum to the landed interest.

And yet this is not all that the landed interest might receive annually by means of this half-part of the Turkey trade; the crown and the subjects, who receive nine times as much for customs and labour, pay, perhaps, a ninth part of what they receive to the landed interest for cloaths and provisions, by which means the consumption of Turkey silk manufactured in England, either directly or indirectly, pays a fifth part of its whole value to the landed interest; that is, it pays directly one tenth part of the value of the silk by the woollen manufacture exported, and as much more by enabling the people to purchase necessary cloaths and pro

visions, of which as much more is paid to the lan ded interest.

Now what a condition would the lands be in if it were not for this trade? The poor must come to the parish and the lands for a maintenance. The heavier the rates, the less the tenants can afford to pay the landlord, consequently his land is not worth so much.

G. You mentioned consumption, Sir?

P. Consumption is an article of most amazing magnitude, and it is greatest in things of least value, because they lie within every body's reach. It renders the most inconsiderable articles of great consequence first to private œconomy, then to commerce, and last to policy. The materials of one ox set a thousand people to work. The butcher, the tanner, the horner, the tallow-chandler are only heads of several classes of tradesmen and artists, who manufacture the different materials in ten thousand different fashions, and all productive, because cheapness tempts consumption. Of beeves, London consumes at least one hundred thousand a year, and of calves double the number: of butter sixteen millions of pounds, of cheese twenty one millions, of milk forty millions of pints, and four hundred thousand a year, it is said, the metropolis pays for eggs.

G. The more a nation consumes of these articles the more can the owners of them afford to expend in articles of convenience and elegance.

P. Hence circulation of money, which is that to

the prosperity of a nation, which the motion of the blood is to the health of the human body.

G. May not too great rapidity of motion destroy the machine, which motion in some degree is necessary to preserve? Ought not trade to have its natural course?

P. Certainly; and hence the necessity of that encouragement of trade in the governing power in a state on which its prosperity depends. It should neither be neglected, obstructed, or clogged, nor should it be attenuated and diverted, and forced : but it should be eyed, its natural motions and directions humoured and eased, and it should be more cherished for its indirect but real profusion of general profit, than for any immediate farthing advantages to a few individuals, for the sake of a few taxes, to carry on a few measures, of no consequence to the world, and of general loss to the

state.

G. What may one suppose the God of nature to have formed Britain for, dominion, or trade?

P. Trade. The whole island is a fine field that wants nothing but cultivating, and if cultivated would overflow with plenty. Holland is a little shop; Britain is a large warehouse, and might manufacture for half the world: but they are industrious while we are idle, and their children make playthings for ours to break. We say the religion of the Dutch is to get money. Do you know what the Dutch say our religion is ?

G. No.

P. Bragging and fighting.

G. My uncle says, the twenty-seventh chapter of Ezekiel was written by a Dutchman, or by a man under Dutch prejudices, wailing and lamenting as if all was lost, when nothing was gone except TRADE.

WEDNESDAY.

EMIGRATIO N.

P. GEORGE!

G. Sir!

P. Suppose you were to toss puss into the fire! G. Why then she would spring out again.

P. Suppose you should try a less degree of heat, and only scald her with a spoonful out of the spout of the tea-pot?

G. She would scamper away.

P. I'll tell you the reason; she is a brute beast, and neither understands greek nor latin, nor the admirable frame of our excellent constitution, the best constitution in the world, George!

G. The cat, all cat as she is, understands selfpreservation, and though she has taken no degree, she has the philosophy of feeling, and knows fire will dissolve the frame of her own constitution.

P. Learnedly spoken! Now turn it into latin. G. I comprehend you, Sir. To shift quarters is to emigrate; and the natives of one country never emigrate to another freely till they feel themselves hurt.

P. Indeed there is a strong attachment to one's native spot, as if one grew out of the soil.

Z