What was that snaky-headed Gorgon shield That wise Minerva wore, unconquer'd virgin, Wherewith she freez'd her foes to congeal'd

stone,

But rigid looks of chaste austerity,

And noble grace, that dash'd brute violence With sudden adoration and blank awe? Milton. This prince kept the government, and yet lived in this convent with all the rigour and austerity of a capuchin. Addison.

2. Cruelty; harsh discipline.

Let not austerity breed servile fear; No wanton sound offend her virgin ear. Roscom. AUSTRAL adj.[australis,Lat.] Southern; as, the austral signs.

To AUSTRALIZE. v. n. [from auster, the south wind, Lat.] To tend toward the south.

Steel and good iron discover a verticity, or polar faculty; whereby they do septentriate at one extreme, and australize at another.

Brown's Vulgar Errours. A'USTRINE. adj. [from austrinus, Lat.] Southern; southernly. AUTHENTICAL. adj. [from authentick.] Not fictitious; being what it seems. Of statutes made before time of memory, we have no authentical records, but only transcripts. Hale.

AUTHENTICALLY. adv. [from authentical.] After an authentick manner; with all the circumstances requisite to procure authority.

This point is dubious, and not yet authentically decided. Brown's Vulgar Errours. Conscience never commands or forbids any thing authentically, but there is some law of God which commands or forbids it first. South. AUTHENTICALNESS. n.s. [from authentical.] The quality of being authentick; genuineness; authority.

Nothing can be more pleasant than to see virtuosos about a cabinet of medals, descanting upon the value, rarity, and authenticalness of the several pieces. Addison. AUTHENTICITY. n. s. [from authentick.] Authority; genuineness; the being authentick. AUTHENTICK. adj. [authenticus, Lat.] That has every thing requisite to give it authority; as, an authentick register. It is used in opposition to any thing by which authority is destroyed, as authentick, not counterfeit. It is never used of persons. Genuine; not fictitious. Thou art wont his great authentick will Interpreter through highest heav'n to bring.

Milton.

That law, the author and observer whereof is one only God to be blessed for ever. Hooker. The author of that which causeth another thing to be, is author of that thing also which thereby is caused. Hooker. I'll never

Be such a gosling to obey instinct; but stand
As if a man was author of himself,
And knew no other kin. Shakspeare's Coriolanus.
Thou art my father, thou my author, thou
My being gav'st me; whom should I obey
But thee?
Milton's Paradise Lost.

But Faunus came from Picus, Picus drew
His birth from Saturn, if records be true.
Thus king Latinus, in the third degree,
Had Saturn author of his family.

Dryden.

That which is the strength of their amity, shall prove the immediate author of their vari Shakspeare Now while the tortur'd savage turns around, And flings about his foam, impatient of the wound;

The wound's great author close at hand provokes Plis rage. Dryden's Fables. From his loins New authors of dissension spring; from him Two branches, that in hosting long contend For sov'reign sway. Philips 3. The first writer of any thing; distinct from the translator or compiler.

4.

To stand upon every point in particulars, delongeth the first author of the story.2 Maccabees. An author has the choice of his own thoughts and words, which a translator has not." Dryden, A writer in general.

Yet their own authors faithfully affirm That the land Salike lies in Germany. Shaksp AUTHORITATIVE. adj. [from authority.] 1. Having due authority.

2. Having an air of authority; positive.

I dare not give them the authoritative title of aphorisms, which yet may make a reasonable moral prognostick. Wotton.

The mock authoritative manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of the other. Swift's Exam AUTHORITATIVELY. adv. [from autho ritative.]

1. In an authoritative manner; with a show of authority.

2. With due authority.

No law foreign binds in England, till it be received, and authoritatively engrafted, into the law of England. Hale. AUTHORITATIVENESS. n. s. [from authoritative.] An acting by authority; authoritative appearance. Dict AUTHOʻRITY. n. s. [auctoritas, Lat.] 1, Legal power.

Idle old man,

That still would manage those authorities That he hath given away! Shaksp. King Lear. Adam's sovereignty, that by virtue of being proprietor of the whole world, he had any authe rity over men, could not have been inherited by any of his children.

2. Influence; credit.

Locke

Power arising from strength, is always in those

If law, authority, and pow'r deny not, It will go hard with poor Antonio.

Locke.

Shaksp. But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. 1 Timothy. 4. Support; justification; countenance. Dost thou expect th' authority of their voices, Whose silent wills condemn thee? Ben Jonson. 5. Testimony.

Something I have heard of this, which I would be glad to find by so sweet an authority confirmed. Sidney.

We use authorities in things that need not, and introduce the testimony of ancient writers, to confirm things evidently believed. Brown.

Having been so hardy as to undertake a charge against the philosophy of the schools, I was liable to have been overborne by a torrent of authorities. Glanville's Scepsis. 6. Weight of testimony; credibility; cogency of evidence.

They consider the main consent of all the churches in the whole world, witnessing the sacred authority of scriptures, ever sithence the first publication thereof, even till this present day and hour. Hooker. AUTHORIZATION. n. s. [from authorize.] Establishment by authority.

The obligation of laws arises not from their matter, but from their admission and reception, and authorization in this kingdom. Hale. To AUTHORIZE. v. a. [autoriser, Fr.] 1. To give authority to any person.

Making herself an impudent suitor, authorizing herself very much, with making us see that all favour and power depended upon her. Sidney. Deaf to complaints, they wait upon the ill, Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden. 2. To make any thing legal.

Yourself first made that title which I claim, First bid me love, and authoriz'd my flame.

rent stuff, seasoned with twang and tautology, pass for rhetorick. South. AUTO'CRASY. n. 5. [dvrangáren, from dur self, and x, power.] Inde pendent power; supremacy. AUTOGRAPHICAL. adj. from autography.] Of one's own writing. AUTO'GRAPHY, n. s.

Dict.

Dict.

[droppason, from múros, and spipw, to write.] A particular person's own writing; or the original of a treatise, in opposition to a copy. AUTOMATICAL. adj. [from automaton.] Belonging to an automaton; having the AUTOMATON. n. s. [avróμarov.] In the power of moving itself.

plural, automata. A machine that hath the power of motion within itself, and which stands in need of no foreign assistance. Quincy.

For it is greater to understand the art whereby the Almighty governs the motions of the great automator, than to have learned the intrigues of policy. Glanville's Scepsis. The particular circumstances for which the automata of this kind are most eminent, may be reduced to four. Wilkins.. AUTO'MATOUS adj. [from automaton.] Having in itself the power of motion. Clocks, or automatous organs, whereby we distinguish of time, have no mention in ancient writers. Brown's Vulgar Errours. AUTONOMY. n. s. [ durovoμía.] The living according to one's mind and prescription. Dict.

A'UTOPSY. n. s. [durofía.] Ocular demonstration; seeing a thing one's self. Quincy. In those that have forked tails, autopsy convinceth us, that it hath this use. Ray on Creation. AUTO'PTICAL. adj. [from autopsy.] Perceived by one's own eyes. AUTO'PTICALLY. adv. [from autoptical.] By means of one's own eyes.

Were this true, it would autoptically silence that dispute.

Brown. That the galaxy is a meteor, was the account of Aristotle; but the telescope hath autoptically confuted it and he, who is not Pyrrhonian enough to the disbelief of his senses, may see that it is no exhalation. Glanville's Scepsis. A'UTUMN. n. s. [autumnus, Lat.] The season of the year between summer and winter, beginning astronomically at the equinox, and ending at the solstice; popularly, autumn comprises August, September, and October.

For I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder, when the clouds in autumn crack. Shakspeare

I would not be over confident, till he hath passed a spring or autumn. Wiseman's Surgery. The starving brood, Void of sufficient sustenance, will yield A slender autumn.

Philips. Autumn nodding o'er the yellow plain, Comes jovial on."

Thomson.

AUTUMNAL. adj. [from autumn.] Belonging to autumn; produced in autumn.

No spring or summer's beauty hath such grace, As I have seen in one autumndi face. Деливе

Thou shalt not long

Rule in the clouds; like an autumnal star,
Or lightning, thou shalt fall.

Milton. Bind now up your autumnal flowers, to prevent sudden gusts, which will prostrate all. Evelyn. Not the fair fruit that on yon branches glows With that ripe red th' autumpal sun bestows.

Pope. AVULSION. . . [avulsio, Lat.] The act of pulling one thing from another. Spare not the little offsprings they grow Redundant: but the thronging clusters thin By kind avulsion. Philips.

The pressure of any ambient fluid can be no intelligible cause of the cohesion of matter; though such a pressure may hinder the avulsion of two polished superficies one from another, in Locke. a line perpendicular to them. AUXE'SIS. n. s. [Latin.] An increasing; an exornation, when, for amplification, a more grave and magnificent word is put instead of the proper word. Smith. AUXILIAR. n.s. [from auxilium, Lat.] AUXILIARY. Helper; assistant; confederate.

In the strength of that power, he might, without the auxiliaries of any further influence, have determined his will to a full choice of God.

South There are, indeed, asort of underling auxiliaries to the difficulty of a work, called commentators and criticks. Pope. AUXILIAR. adj. [from auxilium, Lat.] AUXILIARY. J Assistant; helping; confederate.

The giant brood,

That fought at Thebes and Ilium, on each side Mix'd with auxiliar gods. Milton's Paradise Lost, Their tractates are little auxiliary unto ours, not afford us any light to detenebrate this truth. Brown's Vulgar Errours. There is not the smallest capillary vein but it is present with, and auxiliary to it, according to Hale's Origin of Mankind.

its use.

Nor from his patrimonial heav'n alone Is Jove content to pour his vengeance down; Aid from his brother of the seas he craves, To help him with auxiliary waves. Dryden. AUXILIARY Verb. A verb that helps to conjugate other verbs.

In almost all languages, some of the commonest nouns and verbs have many irregularities; such are the common auxiliary verbs, to be and to have, to do and to be done, &c. Watts.

AUXILIATION. n. s. [from auxiliatus, Lat.] Help; aid; succour. Dict. To Aw'AIT. v. a. [from a and wait. See WAIT.]

1. To expect; to wait for.

Even as the wretch condemn'd to lose his life Arvaits the falling of the murd'ring knife.

Fairfax. Betwixt the rocky pillars Gabriel sat, Chief of th' angelick guards, awaiting night. Milton.

2. To attend; to be in store for.

To shew thee what reward Awaits the good; the rest, what punishment. Milton.

Unless his wrath be appeased, an eternity of torments awaits the objects of his displeasure. Rogers. AWA'IT. n. s. [from the verb.] Ambush. See WAIT.

And least mishap the most bliss alter may:

3.

Hark, hark, the horrid sound Has rais'd up his head

As awak'd from the dead,

And amaz'd he stares around.

To put into new action.

Dryden

The spark of noble courage now awake, And strive your excellent self to excel. F. Queen. To AWAKE. v. n. To break from sleep; to cease to sleep.

Alack, I am afraid they have atak'd, And 't is not done.. Shakspeare's Macbeth. I awaked up last of all, as one that gathereth after the grape-gatherers. Ecclus AwAʼKE. adj. [from the verb.] Not being asleep; not sleeping.

Imagination is like to work better upon sleeping men, than men arake.

Bacon. Cares shall not keep him on the throne azwake, Nor break the golden slumbers he would take. Dryden.

To AWA'KEN. v. a. and v. n. The same with awake.

Awake Argantyr, Hervor the only daughter Of thee and Suafu doth araken thee.

The fair

Hickes.

Repairs her smiles, awakens ev'ry grace, And calls forth all the wonders of her face. Pope. To AWARD. v. a. [derived by Skinner, somewhat improbably, from peaɲd, Sax. toward.] To adjudge; to give any thing by a judicial sentence.

A pound of that same merchant's flesh is thine; The court awards it, and the law doth give it. Shakspeare.

It advances that grand business, and according to which their eternity hereafter will be awarded. Decay of Piety.

A church which allows salvation to none with out it, nor awards damnation to almost any within it. South. Satisfaction for every affront cannot be arcarded by stated laws. Collier on Duelling. To AWARD. v. n. To judge; to determine.

Th' unwise award to lodge it in the tow'rs, An off'ring sacred. Pope's Odyssey. AWARD. n. s. [from the verb.] Judg ment; sentence; determination.

Now hear th' award; and happy may it prove To her, and him who best deserves her love. Dryden. Affection bribes the judgment, and we cannot expect an equitable award, where the judge is made a party. Glanville.

To urge the foe, Prompted by blind revenge and wild despair, Were to refuse th' awards of Providence. Addis. AWA'RE. adv. [from a, and ware an old

word for cautious; it is however, perhaps, an adjective; geparian, Sax.] Excited to caution; vigilant; in a state of alarm; attentive.

Ere I was aware, I had left myself nothing but the name of a king.

Sidney. Ere sorrow was aware, they made his thoughts bear away something else besides his own sorrow. Sidney's Arcadia.

Temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves; so that we are but little aware of them, and less able to withstand them. Atterbury To AWA'RE. v. n. To beware; to be cautious.

So warn'd he them aware themselves; and Instant, without disturb, they took alarm. Milton's Paradise Lost.

This passage is by others understood thus: He warned those, who were aware themselves.

Awa'Y. adv. [apeg, Saxon.]

1. In a state of absence; not in any particular place.

They could make

Love to your dress, although your face were Ben Jonson's Cataline.

arvay.

It is impossible to know properties that are so annexed to it, that any of them being away, that essence is not there.

2. From any place or person.

Locke.

I have a pain upon my forehead here.-Why that's with watching; 't will away again. Shakspeare. When the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abraham drove them array again. Genesis. Would you youth and beauty stay, Love hath wings, and will array. Summer suns roll unperceiv'd away.

3. Let us go.

Waller.

Pope.

Away, old man; give me thy hand; away; King Lear hath lost, he and his daughter ta'en; Give me thy hand. Come on. Shaksp. King Lear. 4. Begone.

Away, and glister like the god of war, When he intendeth to become the field. Shaks. I'll to the woods among the happier brutes: Come, let's away; hark, the shrill horn re

sounds. Smith's Phedra and Hippolitus. Away, you flatt'rer!

Nor charge his gen'rous meaning. Rorve's J. Sh. 5. Out of one's own hands; into the power of something else.

It concerns every man, who will not trifle away his soul, and fool himself into irrecoverable misery, to enquire into these matters. Tillotson. 6. It is often used with a verb; as, to drink away an estate; to idle away a manor ; that is, to drink or idle till an estate or manor is gone.

He play'd his life anvay,

Pope.

7. On the way; on the road: perhaps this is the original import of the following phrase:

Sir Valentine, whither away so fast? Shaksp. 3. Perhaps the phrase, he cannot away with, may mean, he cannot travel with ; be cannot bear the company of.

She never could away with me.-Never, never: she would always say, she could not abide master Shallow.

Shakspeare. 9. Away with. Throw away; take away. If you dare think of deserving our charms, Away with your sheephooks, and take to your Dryden. AWE.n.s. [eze, oga, Saxon.] Reverential fear; reverence.

arms.

They all be brought up idly, without awe of parents, without precepts of masters, and without fear of offence. "Spenser's State of Ireland,

This thought fixed upon him who is only to be feared, God and yet with a filial fear, which at the same time both fears and loves. It was atve without amazement, and dread without distraction. South. What is the proper awe and fear, which is due from man to God?

Rogers. To AWE. v. a. [from the noun.] To strike with reverence, or fear; 'to keep in subjection.

If you will work on any man, you must either know his nature and fashions, and so lead him; or his ends, and so persuade him; or his weaknesses and disadvantages, and so awe him; or those that have interest in him, and so govern him. Bacon. Why then was this forbid? Why, but to awe Why, but to keep you low and ignorant, His worshippers?

Milton. Heav'n that hath plac'd this island to give law, To balance Europe, and her states to awe.

Waller.

I approach thee thus, and gaze Insatiate; I thus single; nor have fear'd Thy areful brow, more awful thus retir'd, Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair! Milton. 2. Worshipful; in authority; invested with dignity. This sense is obsolete.

Know, then, that some of us are gentlemen, Such as the fury of ungovern'd youth Thrust from the company of areful men. Shaks. 3. Struck with awe; timorous; scrupųlous. This sense occurs but rarely.'

It is not nature and strict reason, but a weak and awful reverence for antiquity, and the vogue of fallible men.

Watts.

A'WFULLY. adv. [from awful.] In a reverential manner.

It will concern a man to treat this great principle awfully and warily, by still observing what it commands, but especially what forbids.

South,

A'WFULNESS. n. s. [from azyful.] 1. The quality of striking with awe; solemnity.

These objects naturally raise seriousness; and night heightens the arefulness of the place, and pours out her supernumerary horrours upon every thing. Addison.

2. The state of being struck with awe: little used.

An help to prayer, producing in us reverence and arefulness to the divine majesty of God. Taylor's Rule of living boly. To AWHA'PE. v. a. [This word I have met with only in Spenser, nor can I discover whence it is derived; but imagine, that the Teutonic language had anciently wapen, to strike, or some such word, from which weapons, or offensive arms, took their denomination.] strike; to confound; to terrify.

To

Ah! my dear gossip, answer'd then the ape, Deeply do your sad words my wits awhape, Both for because your grief doth great appear, And eke because myself am touched near. Hubberd's Tale.

AWHILE. adv. [This word, generally reputed an adverb, is only a while, that is, a time, an interval.] Some time; some space of time.

Stay, stay, I say;

And if you love me, as you say you do, Let me persuade you to forbear awhile. Shaks. · Into this wild abyss the wary fiend Stood on the brink of hell, and look'd awhile, Pond'ring his voyage. Milion's Par. Lost. Awк. adj. [A varbarous contraction of the word aaukward.] Odd; out of order.

We have heard as arrant jangling in the pulpits, as the steeples; and professors ringing as aruk as the bells to give notice of the confiagration. L'Estrange. A'WKWARD. adj. [æpand, Saxon; that is, backward, untoward.]

1. Inelegant; unpolite; untaught; ungenteel.

Proud Italy,

Whose manners still our tardy apish nation Limps after, in base arukward imitation. Shaks.

Their own language is worthy their care; and they are judged of by their handsome or awkward -way of expressing themselves in it.

Locke.

An awkward shame, or fear of ill usage, has a share in this conduct. Swift. 2. Unready; unhandy; not dexterous; clumsy.

Slow to resolve, but in performance quick; So true, that he was awkward at a trick. Dryd. 3. Perverse; untoward.

A kind and constant friend
To all that regularly offend;
But was implacable and awkward

To all that interlop'd and hawker'd. Hudibras. A'WKWARDLY. adv. [from aavkavard.] Clumsily; unreadily; inelegan.ly; ungainly.

Dametas nodding from the waste upwards, and swearing he never knew a man go more awekwardly to work. Sidney. When any thing is done arukawardly, the common saying will pass upon them, that it is suitable to their breeding. Locke.

If any pretty creature is void of genius, and would perform her part but awkwardly, I must nevertheless insist upon her working. Addison. She still renews the ancient scene; Forgets the forty years between; Awkwardly gay, and oddly merry; Her scarf pale pink, her head-knot cherry. Prior. If a man be ta ght to hold his pen awkwardly, yet writes sufficiently well, it is not worth while to teach him the accurate methods of handling that instrument. Watts' Improvement of the Mind. A'WKWARDNESS. n. s. [from awkward.] Inelegance; want of gentility; oddness; unsuitableness.

One may observe awkwardness in the Italians, which easily discovers their airs not to be natural. Addison.

All his airs of behaviour have a certain azukwardness in them; but these awkward airs are worn away in company. Watts.

AwL. n. s. [æle, ale, Sax.] A pointed instrument to bore holes.

He which was minded to make himself a

perpetual servant, should, for a visible token thereof, have also his ear bored through with an awl. Hooker. You may likewise prick many holes, with an awl, about a joint that will lie in the earth. Mortimer's Husbandry. A'wLESS. adj. [from awe, and the negative less.]

1. Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear.

Against whose fury, and th’unmatched force, The areless lion could not wage the fight. Sbaks. He claims the bull with awlers insolence, And, having seiz'd his horns, accosts the prince. Dryden. 2. Wanting the power of causing rever

Judges.

AwO'RK. adv. [from a and work. On work; into a state of labour; into action.

So after Pyrrhus' pause, Aroused vengeance sets him new awork. Sbak. By prescribing the condition, it sets us awork to the performances of it, and that by living well. Hammond.

AwO'RKING. adj. [from awork.] Into the state of working.

Long they thus travelled, yet never met Adventure which might them working set. Hubberd's Tale.

AwRY'. adv. [from a and wry.]
1. Not in a straight direction; obliquely.
But her sad eyes, still fast'ned on the ground,
Are governed with goodly modesty;
That suffers not one look to glance awry,
Which may let in a little thought unsound.
Spenser

Like perspectives, which rightly gaz'd upon,
Shew nothing but confusion; eyed awry,
Distinguish form.
Shaksp. Richard 11.
A violent cross wind, from either coast,
Blows them transverse,ten thousand leagues awry
Into the devious air.
Milton.

2 Asquint; with oblique vision.
You know the king
With jealous eyes has look'd atury
On his son's actions.

Denham's Sepby.

3. Not in the right or true direction. I hap to step arury, where I see no path, and can discern but few steps afore me. Brerewood. 4. Not equally between two points; unevenly.