You said, if I return'd next 'size in Lent, Donne. Count Rechteren should have made affidavit that his servants had been affronted, and then monsieur Mesnager would have done him justice. Spectator. AFFI'ED. particip. adj. [from the verb affy, derived from affido, Latin; Bracton using the phrase affidare mulieres.] Joined by contract; affianced. Be we affied, and such assurance ta'en, As shall with either part's agreement stand. Shaksp. AFFILIATION. n. s. [from ad and filius, Lat.] Adoption; the act of taking a Chambers. AFFINAGE. n. s. [affinage, Fr.] The act of refining metals by the coppel. Dut. AFFINED. adj. [from affinis, Lat.] Joined by affinity to another; related to another. son. If partially affin'd, or leagued in office, To AFFIRM. v. a. 1. To declare positively; as, to affirm a fact. 2. To ratify or approve a former law, or judgment: opposed to reverse or repeal. The house of peers hath a power of judicature in some cases, properly to examine, and then to affirm; or, if there be cause, to reverse the judgments which have been given in the court of king's bench. Bacon's Advice to Sir G. Villiers. In this sense we say, to affirm the truth. AFFIRMABLE. adj. [from affum.] That may be affirmed. Those atttributes and conceptions that were applicable and affirmable of him when present, are now affirmable and applicable to him though Hale's Origin of Mankind. AFFIRMANCE. . s. [from affirm.] Confirmation; opposed to repeal. past. This statute did but restore an ancient statute, which was itself also made but in affirmance of the common law. Bacon. AFFIRMANT. n. s. [from affirm.] The 1. Relation by marriage; relation con- They had left none alive, by the blindness of 2. Relation to; connexion with; resemblance to: spoken of things. The British tongue, or Welsh, was in use only in this island, having great affinity with the old Gallick. Camden. All things that have affinity with the heavens, move upon the center of another, which they benefit. Bacon's Essay. The art of painting hath wonderful affinity with that of poetry. Dryden's Dufresnoy. Man is more distinguished by devotion than by reason, as several brute creatures discover something like reason, though they betray not any thing that bears the least affinity to devotion. Addison's Spectator. To AFFIRM. v. n. [affirmo, Lat.] To declare; to tell confidently: opposed to the word deny. Yet their own authors faithfully affirm, This gentleman vouches, upon warrant of bloody affirmatim, he is to be more virtuous, and less attemptable, than any of our ladies. Shakspeare's Cymbeline. The position affirmed. That he shall receive no benefit from Christ, is the affirmation whereon his despair is founded; and one way of removing this dismal apprehension, is, to convince him that Christ's death, if he perform the condition required, shall certainly belong to him. Hammond's Fundamentals. 3. Confirmation: opposed to repeal. The learned in the laws of our land observe, that our statutes sometimes are only the affir mation, or ratification, of that which, by common law, was held before. Hooker. AFFIRMATIVE. adj. [from affirm.] 1. That does affirm, opposed to negative; in which sense we use the affirmative absolutely, that is, the affirmative position. For the affirmative, we are now to answer such proofs of theirs as have been before alleged. Hooker. 2. Whether there are such beings or not, 'tis sufficient for my purpose, that many have be lieved the affirmative. Dryden. That can or may be affirmed: a sense used chiefly in science. As in algebra, where affirmative quantities vanish or cease, there negative ones begin; so in mechanicks, where attraction ceases, there a repulsive virtue ought to succeed. Newton. 3. That has the habit of affirming with vehemence; positive ; dogmatical: applied to persons. Be not confident and affirmative in an uncertain matter, but report things modestly and temperately, according to the degree of that persuasion, which is, or ought to be, begotten by the efficacy of the authority, or the reason, inducing thee. Tuyter. AFFIRMATIVELY, adv. [from affiviza tive.] In an affirmative manner; on the positive side; not negatively. The reason of man hath no such restraint: concluding not only affirmatively, but negatively; not only affirming, there is no magnitude beyond the last heavens, but also denying, there is any vacuity within them. Brown. AFFIRMER. n. s. [from affirm.] The person that affirms. If by the word virtue, the affirmer intends our whole duty to God and man; and the denier by the word virtue, means only courage, or, at most, our duty toward our neighbour, without including, in the idea of it, the duty which we owe to God. Watts' Logick. To AFFI'x. v. a. [offigo, affixum, Lat.] 1. To unite to the end, or a posterior; to i subjoin. He that has settled in his mind determined ideas, with names affixed to them, will be able to discern their differences one from another. Locke. If men constantly affixed applause and disgrace where they ought, the principle of shame would have a very good influence on publick conduct; though on secret villanies it lays no restraint. Rogers' Sermons. 2. To connect consequentially. The doctrine of irresistibility of grace, in working whatsoever it works, if it be acknowledged, there is nothing to be affixt to gratitude. Hammond's Fundamentals. 3. Simply to fasten or fix. Obsolete. Dict. 2. The state of being affixed. AFFLATION. 7, s. [affio, afflatum, Lat.] The act of breathing upon any thing. Dict. AFFLA'TUS. n. s. [Lat.] Communication of the power of prophecy. The poet writing against his genius, will be like a prophet without his afflatus. Spence. To AFFLICT. v. a. [uffligo, afflictum, Lat.] 1. To put to pain; to grieve; to torment. It teacheth us how God thought fit to plague and afflict them; it doth not appoint in what form and manner we ought to punish the sin of idolatry in others. Hooker. O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me! The lights burn blue-Is it not dead midnight? Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. Shakspeare's Richard 111. Give not over thy mind to heaviness, and fict not thyself in thine own counsel. Ecclus. A father afflicted with untimely mourning, when he hath made an image of his child soon taken away, now honoured him as a God, which was then a dead man, and delivered to those that were under him ceremonies and sacrifices. Wisdom. A melancholy tear afflicts my eye, And my heart Labours with a sudden sigh. Prior. 2. The passive to be afflicted, has often at before the causal noun; by is likewise proper. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, who was her only son, that she died for grief of it. Addison's Spectator. AFFLICTEDNESS. n. s. [from afflicted.] The state of affliction, or of being af flicted; sorrowfulness; grief. AFFLICTER. n. 5. [from afflict.] The person that afflicts. AFFLICTION. n. s. [afflictio, Lat.] 1. The cause of pain or sorrow; calamity. To the flesh, as the apostle himself granteth, all affliction is naturally grievous; therefore nature, which causeth fear, teacheth to pray against all adversity. Hooker. We'll bring you to one that you have cozened of money; I think to repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shakspeare. 2. The state of sorrowfulness; misery: opposed to jy or prosperity. Besides, you know, Prosperity's the very bond of love, Whose fresh complexion, and whose heart together, Affliction alters. Shakspeare's Winter's Tale. Where shall we find the man that bears affliction, Great and majestic in his griefs, like Cato? Addison's Cate. Some virtues are only seen in affliction, and some in prosperity. Addison's Spectator. AFFLICTIVE. adj. [from afflict.] That causes affliction; painful; tormenting. They found martyrdom a duty dressed up in deed with all that was terrible and afflictive to human nature, yet not at all the less a duty. South. Nor can they find Where to retire themselves, or where appease Th' afflictive keen desire of food, expos'd' To winds, and storms, and jaws of savage death, Philips. Restless Proserspine -On the spacious land and liquid main Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior. A'FFLUENCE. n. s. [affluence, Fr. afA'FFLUENCY. Auentia, Lat.] 1. The act of flowing to any place; con. course. It is almost always used figuratively. I shall not relate the affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain, after the voice of our prince being there had been noised. Wotton. 2. Exuberance of riches; stream of wealth; plenty. Those degrees of fortune, which give fulness and affluence to one station, may be want and penury in another. Rogers. Let joy or ease, let affluence or content, And the gay conscience of a life well spent, Calm ev'ry thought, inspirit ev'ry grace. Pope. AFFLUENT. adj. [affluent, Fr. affluens, Lat.] 1. Flowing to any part. These parts are no more than foundation-piles of the ensuing body; which are afterwards to be increased and raised to a greater bulk, by the affluent blood that is transmitted out of the mother's body. Harvey on Consumptions. 2. Abundant; exuberant; wealthy. I see thee, Lord and end of my desire, Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior. AFFLUENTNESS. n. s. [from affluent.] The quality of being affluent. Dict. A'FFLUX. n. s. [affluxus, Lat.] 1. The act of flowing to some place; affluence. 2. That which flows to another place. The cause hereof cannot be a supply by procreations: ergo, it must be by new affluxes to London out of the country. Graunt The infant grows bigger out of the womb, by agglutinating one afflux of blood to another. Harvey on Consumptions. An animal that must lie still, receives the aflux of colder or warmer, clean or foul water, as it happens to come to it. Locke. AFFLUXION. n. s. [uffluxio, Lat.] 3. The act of flowing to a particular place. 2. That which flows from one place to another. An inflammation either simple, consisting of an hot and sanguineous affluxion, or else denominable from other humours, according unto the predominancy of melancholy, phlegm, or choler. Brown's Vulgar Errours. To AFFORD. V. a. [uffourrer, affourrager, French.] 1. To yield or produce; as, the soil affords grain; the trees afford fruits. This seems to be the primitive signification. 2. To grant, or confer any thing: generally in a good sense, and sometimes in a bad, but less properly. So soon as Maurmon there arriv'd, the door To him did open, and afforded way. Fairy Q. This is the consolation of all good men, unto whom his ubiquity affordeth continual comfort and security; and this is the affliction of hell, to whom it affordeth despair and remediless calamity. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 3. To be able to sell. It is used always with reference to some certain price; as, I can afford this for less than the other. They fill their magazines in times of the greatest plenty, that so they may afford cheaper, and increase the public revenue at a small expence to its members. Addison on Italy. 4. To be able to bear expences; as, traders can afford more finery in peace than an war. The same errours run through all families, where there is wealth enough to afford that their sons may be good for nothing. Swift. To AFFOREST. v. a. [affires:are, Lat.] To turn ground into forest. It appeareth, by Charta de Foresta, that he afforested many woods and wastes, to the grievance of the subject, which by that law were disafforested. Sir John Davies on Ireland. AFFORESTATION. . s. [from afforest.] The charter de Foresta, was to reform the encroachments made in the time of Richard 1. and Henry 11. who had made new afforestations, and much extended the rigour of the forest laws. Hale. To AFFRANCHISE. v. a. [affrancher, Fr.] To make free. To AFFRA'Y. v. a. [effrayer, or effriger Fr. which Menage derives from fragor; perhaps it comes from frigus.] To fright; to terrify; to strike with fear. Not in use. The same to wight he never would disclose, But when as monsters huge he would dismay, Or daunt unequal armies of his foes, Or when the flying heavens he would affray. Fairy Queen. AFFRA'Y, or AFFRA'YMENT. 2.5. [from the verb.] A 1. A tumultuous assault of one or more persons upon others: a law term. battle in this sense it is written fraf. 2. Tumult; confusion. Out of ase. Let the night be calm and quietsome, Without tempestuous storms or sad affray. Spenser. AFFRICTION. n. s. [affrictio, Lat.] The act of rubbing one thing upon another. I have divers times observed, in wearing silverhilted swords, that, if they rubbed upon my cloaths, if they were of a light-coloured cloth, the affriction would quickly blacken them; and, congruously hereunto, I have found pens blacked almost all over, when I had a while carried them about me in a silver case. Boyle, To AFFRIGHT. v. a. [See FRIGHT.] 1. To affect with fear; to terrify. It generally implies a sudden impression of fear. Thy name affrights me, in whose sound is death. Shakspeare's Henry vi Godlike his courage seem'd, whom nor delight Could soften, nor the face of death affright. Waller. He, when his country (threaten'd with aların) Requires his courage and his conqu'ring arm, Shall, more than once, the Punic bands affright. Dryden's Eneid. 2. It is used in the passive, sometimes with at before the thing feared. Thou shalt not be affrighted at them: for the Lord thy God is among you. Deuteronomy. 3. Sometimes with the particle with before the thing feared. As one affright With hellish fiends, or furies mad uproar, He then uprose. Fairy Queen AFFRIGHT, n. s. [from the verb.] 1. Terrour; fear. This word is chiefly poetical. As the moon, cloathed with cloudy night, Does shew to him that walks in fear and sad affright. Spenser's Fairy Queen. Wide was his parish, not contracted close In streets, but here and there a straggling house; Yet still he was at hand, without request, To serve the sick, to succour the distress'd; Tempting, on foot, alone, without affright, The dangers of a dark tempestuous night. Dryd. 2. The cause of fear; a terrible object; dreadful appearance. I see the gods Upbraid our suff'rings, and would humble them The war at hand appears with more affright, And rises ev'ry moment to the sight. Dryden. AFFRIGHTFUL. adj. [from affright.] Full of affright or terrour; terrible; dreadful. There is an absence of all that is destructive or afrightful to human nature. Decay of Piety. AFFRIGHTMENT. n. s. [from ajjvigor.] 1. The impression of fear; terrour. She awaked with the affrightment of a dream. Passionate words or blows from the tutor, fill the child's mind with terrour and affrightment; which immediately takes it wholly up, and leaves no room for other impression. Locke. 2. The state of fearfulness. Whether those that, under any anguish of mind, return to affrightments or doubtings, have not been hypocrites." Hammond. To AFFRONT. v. a. [affronter, Fr. that is, ad frontem stare; ad frontem contumeliam allidere, to insult a man to his face.] 1. To meet face to face; to encounter. This seems the genuine and original sense of the word, which was formerly indifferent to good or ill. We have closely sent for Hamlet hither, That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shakspeare's Hamlet. The seditious, the next day, affronted the king's forces at the entrance of a highway; whom when they found both ready and resolute to fight, they desired enterparlance. Hayward. 2. To meet, in an hostile manner, front to front. His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd, And with their darkness durst affront his light. Paradise Lost. 3. To offer an open insult; to offend avowedly. With respect to this sense, it is observed by Cervantes, that, if a man strikes another on the back, and then runs away, the person so struck is injured, but not affronted; an affront always implying a justification of the act. Did not this fatal war affront thy coast? Yet sattest thou an idle looker-on. Fairfax. But harm precedes not sin, only our foe, Tempting, affronts us with his foul esteem Of our integrity. Paradise Lost. I would learn the cause, why Torrismond, Within my palace-walls, within my hearing, Almost within my sight, affronts a prince, Who shortly shall command him. Dryden. This brings to mind Faustina's fondness for the gladiator, and is interpreted as satire. But how can one imagine, that the Fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius? Addis. AFFRONT. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. Open opposition; encounter: a sense not frequent, though regularly deducible from the derivation. Fearless of danger, like a petty god I walk'd about, admir'd of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Samson Agonistes. 2. Insult offered to the face; contemptuous or rude treatment; contumely. He would often maintain Plantianus, in doing affronts to his son. Bacon's Essays You have done enough, for you design'd my chains: The grace is vanish'd, but th' affront remains. He that is found reasonable in one thing, is concluded to be so in all; and to think or say otherwise, is thought so unjust an affront, and so senseless a censure, that nobody ventures to do it. Locke. There is nothing which we receive with so much reluctance as advice: we look upon the man who gives it us, as offering an affront to our understanding, and treating us like children or ideots. Addison's Spectator 3. Outrage; act of contempt, in a more general sense. Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts, Abominations rather. Paradise Regained 4. Disgrace; shame. This sense is rather peculiar to the Scottish dialect. Antonius attacked the pirates of Crete, and by his too great presumption, was defeated; upon the sense of which affront he died with grief. Arbuthnot on Coins. AFFRONTER. 2. s. [from affront.] The person that affronts. AFFRONTING. part. adi̟. [from_affront.] · That has the quality of affronting ; contumelious. Among words which signify the same principal ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean: some are kind, others are affronting and reproachful, because of the secondary idea which custom has affixed to them. Watts. To AFFU'SE. v. u. [affundo, affusum, Lat.] To pour one thing upon another. I poured acid liquors, to try if they contained any volatile salt or spirit, which would probably have discovered itself, by making an ebullition AFFU'SION. n. s. [affusio, Lat.] The act with the affused liquor. Boyle. of pouring one thing upon another. Upon the affusion of a tincture of galls, it immediately became as black as ink. Grew. To AFFY'. v. a. [affier, Fr. affidare mulierem, Bracton.] To betroth in order to marriage. Wedded be thou to the hags of hell, Unto the daughter of a worthless king. Shaksp. To AFFY'. . n. To put confidence in; to put trust in; to confide. use. Not in Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy In thy uprightness and integrity, That I will here dismiss my loving friends. Shakspeare's Titus Andronicus. AFIELD. adv. [from a and field. See FIELD.] To the field. We drove afield, and both together heard What time the grey fly winds her sultry horn, Batt'ning our flocks with the fresh dews of night. Milton. Afield I went, amid the morning dew, To milk my kine, for so should housewives do. Gay. See AFLA'T. adv. [from a and flat. FLAT.] Level with the ground. When you would have many new roots of fruit-trees, take a low tree, and bow it, and lay all his branches aflat upon the ground, and east earth upon them; and every twig will take root. Bacon's Natural History. AFLOAT. adv. [from a and float. See FLOAT.] Floating; born up in the water; not sinking: in a figurative sense, within view; in motion. There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries. On such a full sea are we now afloat; And we must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures. Shakspeare. Take any passion of the soul of man, while it is predominant and ofloat, and, just in the critical height of it, nick it with some lucky or unlucky word, and you may as certainly overrule it to your own purpose, as a spark of fire, falling upon gunpowder, will infallibly blow it South. up. Emilia, run you to the citadel, And tell my lord and lady what hath hap'd; Will you go on afore? Shakspeare's Othello. 3. In front; in the forepart. Approaching nigh, he reared high afore His body monstrous, horrible, and vast. Fairy Q. AFOREGOING. parncip. adj. [from afore and going.] Going before. AFOREHAND. adv. [from afore and band.] 1. By a previous provision. 2. Many of the particular subjects of discourse are occasional, and such as cannot afereband be reduced to any certain account. Gov. of Tongue. Provided; prepared; previously fitted. For it will be said, that in the former times, whereof we have spoken, Spain was not so mighty as now it is; and England, on the other side, was more aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon's Considerations on War with Spain. AFOREMENTIONED. aaj. [from afore and mentioned.] Mentioned before. Among the nine other parts, five are not in a condition to give alms or relief to those aforementioned; being very near reduced themselves to the same miserable condition. Addison. AFORENAMED. adj. [from afore and named.] Named before. Imitate something of circular form, in which, as in all other aforenamed proportions, you shall Peacham. help yourself by the diameter. AFORESAID, adj. [from afore and said.] Said before. ment. It need not go for repetition, if we resume again that which we said in the aforesaid experi Bacon's Natural History. AFO'RETIME, adv. [from afore and time.} In time past. O thou that art waxen old in wickedness, now thy sins which thou hast committed afore time are come to light. Susanna. AFRAID. part. adj. [from the verb tray: it should therefore properly be written with #] 1. Struck with fear; terrified; fearful. So persecute them with thy tempest, and make them afraid with thy storm. Psalms. 2. It has the particle of before the object of fear. There, loathing life, and yet of death afraid, Not satisfy'd with life, afraid of death, AFRESH. adv. [from a and fresh. See FRESH.] Anew: again, after intermission. The Germans serving upon great horses, and charged with heavy armour, received great hurt by light skirmishes; the Turks, with their light horses, easily shunning their charge, and again, at their pleasure, charging them afresh, when they saw the heavy horses almost weary. Knolles. When once we have attained these ideas, they may be excited afresh by the use of words. Watts' Logick |