A History of Oregon, 1792-1849: Drawn from Personal Observation and ... - William Henry Gray - Google Books

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CONTENTS.

First discovery of the river.-Natives friendly.-British ship.-Brig Jennet.-Snow Sea

Otter.-The Globe.-Alert.-Guatimozin.—Atahualpa.-Lewis and Clarke.-Vancou-

ver.-Hamilton.-Derby.-Pearl.-Albatross.-First house built in 1810.-Astor's

settlement. The Tonquin.-Astor's Company betrayed to the Northwest Com-

pany.......
.Page 13

The country restored.-The order.-Description of Astoria.-Different parties.-North-

west Fur Company.-Astor's plan.-Conflict of the two British fur companies.—

The treaties.-The Solkirk settlement.-Its object.-The company asserts char-

tered rights as soon as united...
20

English Hudson's Bay effort to secure Oregon.-British claim to Oregon.-Dr.

McLaughlin's relation to the company.-Treatment of Red River settlers.-A

mistake. Sir Edward Belcher.-Duplicity of the Hudson's Bay Company.-A

noble man.-An Englishman's opinion of the Hudson's Bay Company.-Sir

James Douglas's testimony.-J. Ross Browne.-Duty of an historian.-Cause and

Care of Great Britain for her fur companies.-Columbia Fur Company.-Astor's second

fur company.-Major Pilcher's fur company.-Loss of the ship Isabel.-Captain

Bonneville's expedition.-Cause of his failure.-Captain Wyeth's, 1832.-Indians

ask for missionaries in 1833.-Methodist Mission.-Fort Hall established.-Fort

Extent and power of Hudson's Bay Company.-Number of forts.-Location.-Policy.-

Murder of Mr. Black.-McKay.-Manner of dealing with Indians.-Commander of

fort kills an Indian.-Necessity of such a course.-Hudson's Bay Company not

responsible for what their servants do.......
42

Murder of John McLaughlin, Jr.-Investigation by Sir George Simpson and Sir James

Treatment of Indians.-Influence of Hudson's Bay Company.-Rev. Mr. Barnley's state-

ment. First three years.-After that.-Treatment of Jesuits.-Of Protestants.-Of

Indians. Not a spade to commence their new mode of life.-Mr. Barnley's state-

ment.-Disappointed. His mistake.-Hudson's Bay Company disposed to crush

their own missionaries...

Petition of Red River settlers.-Their requests, from 1 to 14.-Names.-Governor.

Christie's reply.-Company's reply.-Extract from minutes.-Resolutions, from 1 to

9.-Enforcing rules.-Land deed.--Its condition.-Remarks....

Puget Sound Agricultural Company.-Its original stock.-A correspondence.-No law

to punish fraud.-A supposed trial of the case.-Article four of the treaty.-The

witnesses. Who is to receive the Puget Sound money.-Dr. Tolmie, agent of the

company. The country hunted up.-Difficult to trace a fictitious object.-State-

ment of their claim.-Result of the investigation....

Case of The Hudson's Bay Company v. The United States.-Examination of Mr.

McTavish.-Number of witnesses.-Their ignorance.-Amount claimed.-Original

stock.-Value of land in Oregon.-Estimate of Hudson's Bay Company's prop-

erty.-Remarks of author.....

Quotation from Mr. Swan.-His mistake.-General Gibbs' mistake.-Kamaiyahkan.-

Indian agent killed.-J. J. Stevens misjudged...

Review of Mr. Greenhow's work in connection with the conduct and policy of the

Hudson's Bay Company.-Schools and missionaries.-Reasons for giving extracts

from Mr. Greenhow's work.-Present necessity for more knowledge about the

Occupants of the country.-Danger to outsiders.-Description of missionaries..... 106

Missionary outfit.-On the way.-No roads.-An English nobleman.-A wagon taken

along.-Health of Mrs. Spalding.-Meeting mountain men and Indians.-A feast

to the Indians..

Arrival at American rendezvous.-An Indian procession.-Indian curiosity to see white

women.-Captain N. Wyeth.-McCleod and T. McKay.-Description of mountain

men. Their opinion of the missionaries...

Missionaries travel in company with Hudson's Bay Company's party.-The Lawyer's

kindness.-Arrival at Fort Hall.-Description of the country. The Salmon In-

dians.-The Hudson's Bay Company's tariff...

An explanation.-Instructions of company.-Their tyranny.-Continuation of journey.—

Fording rivers.-Arrival at Boise.-Dr. Whitman compelled to leave his wagon. 136

Arrival at Fort Wallawalla.-Reception.-The fort in 1836.-Voyage down the Colum-

bia River.-Portage at Celilo.-At Dalles.-A storm.-The Flatheads.-Portage at

the Cascades....
142

Fort Vancouver in 1836.-An extra table.-Conditions on which cattle were supplied

to settlers.-Official papers.-Three organizations..

Settlers in 1836.-Wallamet Cattle Company.-What good have the missionaries done?

-Rev. J. Lee and party.-The Hudson's Bay Company recommend the Wal-

lamet.-Rev. S. Parker arrives at Vancouver..

Arrival of Rev. Mr. Beaver and wife.-His opinion of the company.-A double-wedding.

-Mrs. Spalding and Mrs. Whitman at Vancouver.-Men explore the country and

locate stations.-Their opinion of the country.-Indian labor.-A winter trip down

Snake River......

The French and American settlers.-Hudson's Bay Company's traveling traders.-The

Flatheads. Their manner of traveling.-Marriage. Their honesty.-Indian fight

and scalp dance.--Fight with the Sioux.-At Council Bluffs...

Re-enforcement to the Methodist Mission.-Re-enforcement to the mission of the Ameri-

Arrival of Jesuit missionaries.-Toupin's statement about Rev. A. B. Smith-Death of

Mrs. Jason Lee-First express.-Jesuits at work.-The first printing-press.-The

Catholic tree...

Independent missionaries arrive. Their troubles.-Conversion of Indians at the Dalles.

Their motives.-Emigrants of 1839.-Blubber-Mouth Smith.-Re-enforcement of

the Methodist Mission in 1840.-Father De Smet.-Rev. Harvey Clark and asso-

ciates.-Ewing Young.-Names of missionaries and settlers....
185

1840.-Petition to Congress of United States.-British subjects amenable to the laws of

Canada.-Mr. Douglas as justice of the peace.-Mr. Leslie as judge........

Death of Ewing Young.-First public attempt to organize a provisional government.—

Origin of the provisional government.-First Oregon schooner..

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Lee and Hines explore the Umpqua River.--Mr. Hines tells a story.-Massacre and

plunder of Smith's party by the Indians.-Sympathy of the Hudson's Bay

Company.-Extract from the San Francisco Bulletin.

Missionaries leaving.-Hudson's Bay Company's Gold Exchange.--Population in

1842.-Whitman and Lovejoy start for the States.-The Red River emigra

tion.-American merchants.--Settlers not dependent on the Hudson's Bay Com-

pany.-Milling Company.-The Oregon Institute.-Dr. Elijah White.-Proceed-

ings at a public meeting.-Correspondence with the War Department......

Dispatch of Dr. White to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.-He praises the Hudson's

Bay Company.-His account of the Indians.-Indian outrages.-Dr. White's expe-

dition to the Nez Percés.-Indian council.-Speeches.-Electing a chief.-Laws of

the Nez Percés.-Visit to the Cayuses.-Doings of the missionaries.-Drowning

of Mr. Rogers and family.-George Geere.-Volcanoes.-Petition against Governor

McLaughlin....
..Page 218

Letter of H. H. Spalding to Dr. White.-Account of his mission among the Nez

Percés.-Schools.-Cultivation.-Industrial arts.-Moral character.-Arable land.

-Letter of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of War...

Dr. E. White's letter to the Secretary of War.-Excitement among the Indians.-Visit

to Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.-Destitution and degradation of the

Coast Indians.-Dr. White eulogizes Governor McLaughlin and the Hudson's Bay

Company.-Schools and missions.-Mr. Jesse Applegate.-Dr. White's second

letter.-Letters of Peter H. Hatch and W. H. Wilson.-Seizure of a distillery.-

Search for liquor.-Letter of James D. Saules.-Fight with Indians.-Death of

Cockstock. Description and character of him.-The Molallos and Klamaths.-

Agreement with the Dalles Indians.-Presents to Cockstock's widow.-Dr. White's

third letter.-Letter of Rev. G. Hines to Dr. White.-Letter of W. Medill.... 241

CHAPTER XXXIII.

First council to organize a provisional government.-Library founded.-Origin of the

Wolf Association.-The Methodist Mission influence.-Dr. White exhibits his

credentials. First "wolf meeting."-Proceedings of the second "wolf meeting."-

Officers.-Resolutions.-Bounties to be paid.-Resolution to appoint a committee

of twelve for the civil and military protection of the settlement.-Names of the

members of the committee...
260

First meeting of the committee of twelve.-All invited to participate.-The Rev. J. Lee

and Mr. Abernethy ridicule the organization.—Mr. Lee tells a story.-Letter from

Governor Abernethy.-The main question at issue.-Drowning of Cornelius Rogers

and party. Conduct of Dr. White.-Methodist Mission.-Catholic boasts of con-

Meetings to oppose organization.-Address of the French-Canadians.-Criticisms on it

by the author.-The Jesuits.-Jesuit oath.-Article from Cincinnati Beacon... 273

The meeting at Champoeg.-Tactics of the Jesuit party.-Counter-tactics of the Ameri-

cans. A division and its result.-Public record.-Opposition to clergymen as

legislators. Mr. Hines as an historian.-His errors.-Importance of Mr. Hines'

history. Difficulty among the Indians.-Cause of the difficulty.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Whitman's visit to Washington.-A priest's boast.-A taunt, and Whitman's reply.-

Arrival in Washington.-Interview with Secretary Webster.-With President

Tyler. His return. Successful passage of the Rocky Mountains with two hun-

dred wagons.-His mill burned during his absence...

Petition of the citizens of Oregon in 1843.-Complaints against the Hudson's Bay

Company. The Milling Company.-Kicking the half-bushel.-Land claims of Dr.

McLaughlin.-Names of the signers.-Reasons for not signing.-Notice, deed, and

bond of John McLaughlin.-Claim of Alvin F. Waller....

Extracts from Mr. Hines' history.-Attempt to capture an Indian horse-thief. Dr.

McLaughlin refuses to sell supplies to the signers of the petition.-Excitement in

the settlement.-Interview with Dr. McLaughlin at Vancouver..

A combination of facts.-Settlers alive to their danger.-Mr. Hines' disparagement of

the Methodist Mission.-Indians want pay for being whipped.-Indian honesty.—

Mr. Hines' opinion of the Indians' religion.—Mr. Geiger's advice.-Dr. McLaughlin's

answer to Yellow Serpent.-Baptiste Doreo.-Four conflicting influences....

Governor Simpson and Dr. Whitman in Washington.-Interviews with Daniel Webster

and President Tyler.-His cold reception in Boston by the American Board.--

Conducts a large emigration safely across the Rocky Mountains into Oregon.-The

"Memorial Half-Century Volume."-The Oregon mission ignored by the American

Board.-Dr. McLaughlin.-His connection with the Hudson's Bay Company.-

Catholic Cayuses' manner of praying-Rev. C. Eells.-Letter from A. L. Lovejoy.

-Description of Whitman's and Lovejoy's winter journey from Oregon to Bent's

Fort on the Arkansas River...
315

Assembly of the Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.-Mock fight.-Council with

the Indians.--Speeches by Yellow Serpent, Tilokaikt, the Prince, and Illutin.-

The secret of the whole difficulty.-John, the Kanaka.-A cow for a horse.-Kill-

ing of a medicine woman..

The Legislative Committee of nine.-Hon. Robert Moore, chairman.-Description

of the members.-Minutes of their proceedings.-Dr. R. Newell, his character.—

Two specimens of his speeches.-The dark clouds.....
336

Fourth of July, 1843.-Oration by Mr. Hines.-Meeting of July 5.-Debate on the

land law. How the Jesuits and the Hudson's Bay Company secured their land

claims. Speech of the Rev. G. Hines against the proposed Executive Committee.

-The committee supported by O'Neil, Shortess, and Lee.-W. H. Gray closes the

debate. The report of the committee adopted.-Committee appointed to report to

Congress, another to make a Digest of Territorial laws, and a third to prepare and

administer an oath of office...
346

Organic laws.-Resolutions-Districts.-Militia law.-Land claims.-Certificate... 353

Description of the State House.-Conduct of the French settlers.-Arrival of Dr. Whit-

man's party of immigrants.-Prosperity of the settlers.-Change in the policy of

the Hudson's Bay Company.-Their exorbitant claims..

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