Criminals.

them up to the Consuls or other officer for punishment. And if criminals, subjects of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of citizens of the United States, they shall not be harbored or concealed, but shall be delivered up to justice on due requisition by the Chinese local officers, addressed to those of the United States. The merchants, seamen, and other citizens of the United States shall be under the superintendence of the appropriate officers of their Government. If individuals of either nation commit acts of violence or disorder, use arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life, the officers of the two Governments will exert themselves to enforce order and to maintain the public peace, by doing impartial justice in the premises.

ARTICLE XIX.

Permit for dis

Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United States shall cast anchor in either of the said ports, the supercargo, master, Papers of merchant or consignee, shall, within forty-eight hours, deposit the vessels. ship's papers in the hands of the Consul or person charged with his functions, who shall cause to be communicated to the superintendent of customs a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the number of her crew, and the nature of her cargo; which being done, he shall give a permit for her discharge. And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge the charge. cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of five hundred dollars, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese Government. But if a master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duty on such part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports. Or, if the master so desire, he may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk; in which case he shall not be subject to pay tonnage or other duties or charges until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo, when he shall pay the duties on vessel and cargo, according to law. And the tonnage duties shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. In case of the absence of the Consul or person charged with his functions, the captain or supercargo of the vessel may have recourse to the Consul of a friendly power, or, if he please, directly to the superintendent of customs, who shall do all that is required to conduct the ship's business.

ARTICLE XX.

Tonnige duties.

Superintendent of

customs.

The superintendent of customs, in order to the collection of the proper duties, shall, on application made to him through the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed, in the presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for importation or laden for exportation on board any merchant vessel of the United States. And if disputes occur in regard to the value of goods subject to ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within twenty-four hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the said Consul to adjust with the superintendent of customs.

Disputes.

ARTICLE XXI.

Re-exportation of

goods.

Citizens of the United States who may have imported merchandise into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to reëxport the same in part or in whole to any other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application, through their Consul, to the superintendent of customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made, by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods as are entered on the custom-house books correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a memorandum in the port clearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of customs of the other ports; all which being done on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found, on examination there, to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk and land the said. goods without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the superintendent of customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government. Foreign grain or rice brought into any port of China in a ship of the United States, and not landed, may be reëxported without hindrance.

ARTICLE XXII.

The tonnage duty on vessels of the United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the lading of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the collector of customs shall give a port clearance, and the consul shall return the ship's papers. The duties shall be paid to the shroff's authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same. Duties shall be paid and received, either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of the day. If the Consul permits a ship to leave the port before the duties and tonnage dues are paid he shall be held responsible therefor.

Transhipment

goods.

ARTICLE XXIII.

When goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States in of port require to be transhipped to another vessel, application shall be made to the consul, who shall certify what is the occasion therefor to the superintendent of customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without written permits they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese Government.

ARTICLE XXIV.

Where there are debts due by subjects of China to citizens of the United States, the latter may seek redress in law; and, Debts due, &c. on suitable representations being made to the local authorities, through the consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take proper steps to compel satisfaction. And if citizens of the United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress by representation through the Consul, or by suit in the consular court; but neither Government will hold itself responsible for such debts.

ARTICLE XXV.

Teachers, &c.

It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China, without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the empire, and to assist in literary labors; and the persons so employed shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part either of the Government or of individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.

ARTICLE XXVI.

Case of war.

Relations of peace and amity between the United States and China being established by this treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from entering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent powers, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States, provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy's service, nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships, with their eargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government.

ARTICLE XXVII.

Controversy.

All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own Government; and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any other Government shall be regulated by the treaties existing between the United States and such Governments, respectively, without interference on the part of China.

ARTICLE XXVIII.

Communications

the United States

officers, &c.

If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to their Consul or other officer, between citizens of to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and and Chaese local the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. If subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul of the United States, they may address him directly at the same time they inform their own officers, representing the case for his consideration and action in the premises; and if controversies arise between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion of illegal fees is expressly prohibited. Any peaceable persons are allowed to enter the court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done.

ARTICLE XXIX.

The principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches, are recognized as teaching Religious toleration. men to do good, and to do to others as they would have others do to them. Hereafter those who quietly profess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of their faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese convert, who, according to these tenets, peaceably teach and practice the principles of Christianity, shall in no case be interfered with or molested.

Most favored nation.

ARTICLE ΧΧΧ.

The contracting parties hereby agree that should at any time the Ta Tsing Empire grant to any nation, or the merchants or citizens of any nation, any right, privilege, or favor, connected either with navigation, commerce, political or other intercourse, which is not conferred by this treaty, such right, privilege, and favor shall at once freely inure to the benefit of the United States, its public officers, merchants, and citizens.

The present treaty of peace, amity, and commerce shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, within one year, or sooner, if possible, and by the August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire forthwith; and the ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the date of the signatures thereof.

In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Ta Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents.

Done at Tien-tsin this eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and the independence of the United States of America the eighty-second, and in the eighth year of Hienfung, fifth month, and eighth day.

[L. S.]

L. S.

[L. S.]

WILLIAM B. REED.
KWEILIANG.
HWASHANA.

NOTE TO ARTICLE XIX.-On the 17th July, 1857, it had been agreed between the Chinese Government and Mr. Burlingame, United States Minister at Pekin, that, subject to ratification by the Government of the United States, Article XIX should be modified as hereinafter stated. The proposed modification having been submitted to the Senate, that body, by its resolution of January 20, 1868, did "advise and consent to the modification of the treaty between the United States and China, concluded at Tien-tsin, on the 18th of June, 1858, so that the nineteenth article shall be understood to include hulks and storeships of every kind under the term merchant vessels; and so that it shall provide that if the supercargo, master, or consignee shall neglect, within forty-eight hours after a vessel casts anchor in either of the ports named in the treaty, to deposit the ship's papers in the hands of the Consul, or person charged with his functions, who shall then comply with the requisitions of the nineteenth article of the treaty in question, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty taels for each day's delay. The total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred taels."

NOTE TO ARTICLE XXI.-On the 7th April, 1863, it was agreed between Mr. Burlingame, United States Minister at Pekin, and the Government of China, that, subject to the ratification of the Government of the United States, the twenty-first article of the treaty of June 18, 1858, "shall be so modified as to permit duties to be paid, when goods are reëxported from any one of the free ports of China, at the port into which they are finally imported; and that drawbacks shall be substituted for exemption certificates at all the ports, which drawbacks shall be regarded as negotiable and transferable articles, and be accepted by the custom-house from whatsoever merchant who may tender them, either for import or export duty to be paid by him."

The Senate advised and consented to this modification by resolution of February 4, 1864; and it was accepted, ratified, and confirmed by the President February 22, 1864

CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA FOR THE REGULATION OF TRADE; CONCLUDED NOVEMBER 8, 1858; RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT PETANG AUGUST 15, 1859.

Preamble.

Whereas a treaty of peace, amity, and commerce between the Ta Tsing Empire and the United States of America was concluded at Tien-tsin, and signed at the Temple of Hai-Kwang on the eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding with the eighth day of the fifth moon of the eighth year of Hienfung; which said treaty was duly ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China on the third day of July following, and which has been now transmitted for ratification by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate; and whereas in the said treaty it was provided, among other things, that the tariff of duties to be paid by citizens of the United States on the export and import of goods from and into China shall be the same as was agreed upon at the treaty of Wang-hia, except so far as it may be modified by treaties with other nations, it being expressly. agreed that citizens of the United States shall never pay higher duties than those paid by the most favored nations; and whereas since the signature of the said treaty material modifications of the said tariff and other matters of detail connected with and having relation to the said treaty have been made under mutual discussions by commissioners appointed to that end by the Plenipotentiaries of China, Great Britain, and France, to which the assent of the United States of America is desired and now freely given, it has been determined to record such assent and agreement in the form of a supplementary treaty, to be as binding and of the same efficacy as though they had been inserted in the original treaty.

ARTICLE I.

The tariff and regulations of trade and transit hereunto attached, bearing the seals of the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States and the Ta Tsing Empire, shall henceforward

Tarif.

and until duly altered under the provisions of treaties be in force at the ports and places open to commerce.

Contracting parties.

In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Ta Tsing Empire, to wit, on the part of the United States, William B. Reed, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; and on the part of the Ta Tsing Empire Kweiliang, a member of the Privy Council, Captain General of the Plain White Banner Division of the Manchu Bannermen, and Superintendent of the Board of Punishments; and Hwashana, Classical Reader at Banquets, President of the Board of Civil Office, Captain General of the Bordered Blue Banner Division of the Chinese Bannermen, both of them Plenipotentiaries; with Ho Kwei-tsing, Governor General of the two Kiang Provinces, President of the Board of War, and Guardian of the Heir-Apparent; Mingshen, President of the Ordnance Office of the Imperial Household, with the Insignia of the Second Grade; and Twan, a titular President of the Fifth Grade, member of the Establishment of the General Council, and one of the junior under Secretaries of the Board of Punishments, all of them special Imperial Commissioners deputed for the purpose, have signed and sealed these present.