in 1826, but blown up in 1840 by a person, who, it is said, was 96. concerned in the insurrection of 1837-1838. The present monument was commenced in 1853 and completed in 1856. It cost £10,000 sterling. It is composed of freestone quarried in the neighbourhood. Its base is 40 f. square and 35 f.* high. Above is a tablet 35 f. high, with historical devices on the four sides. This is succeeded by a fluted shaft, about 100 f.† high, 30 f. in circumference, and surmounted by a Corinthian capital, on which stands a colossal statue, 18 f. high, of General Brock, telescope in hand. The total height is 185 f. The monument is built over the remains of General Brock and his aide-de-camp Colonel John M'Donald, who died of wounds received in the battle. It is surrounded by a massive stone wall, 80 f. square, and adorned, at the corners, with trophies 27 f. high. It is ascended by a spiral staircase. The view from the top is "most gorgeous" and "very extensive." At one's feet is the lower part of the Niagara River,¶ with "the fertile and well-cultivated "** tracts on both sides of it. On the right of the mouth of the river,-stretches the wellwooded and much-indented shore of Lake Ontario. On its left, -gracefully curves that deep recess of the lake, at the head of which is the city of Hamilton; and the coast view includes the cliffs east of Toronto, called 'the Toronto highlands.' Between the two coasts,-the horizon is bounded by the waters of the huge lake.tt *"30 f." (N. ih.). XIV. [p. 155]. t75 f." (N. ib.). Br. p. 240. . . "the finest and most extensive that Upper Canada affords" (How. p. 102). a. n. 97. tt The above outlines of the view are from my own observation (cf. XIV. [p. 156]). Eulogistic sketches of it may be found in Br. (ib) and How. (pp. 86, 102). B B 97. FROM QUEENSTON HEIGHTS TO LAKE ONTARIO.* In the 7 m. comprised by this part of the river, its descent is but 4 f., and it is navigable. The cliffs are only 30 or 40 f. high: the trees on them are fewer and smaller than in the deep gorge higher up, but their green forms a pleasant contrast with the ruddiness of the cliff and clay above it.§ The land on both sides is flat, fertile, and well-cultivated.|| The length of Queenston suspension-bridge is 1045 f. At its mouth, the river is aboutm. wide. Here, on the western side, is the town of Niagara (formerly Newark ¶), on the eastern is Fort Niagara. The former was burnt by the Americans' on the 12th of December, 1813. The latter began its existence in 1679, as a palisaded enclosure under the directions of La Salle ; ** it was taken by the British, under Sir W. Johnson,†† in 1759; it was given up to the United States in 1796, surprised by the AngloCanadians in 1813, and restored to the United States in 1815.‡‡ 98. THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. §§ A charming labyrinth of islands,-which are of every imaginable size, shape, and appearance,-extends some 50 m. below Lake Ontario. It is sometimes, as a part of the river St. Lawrence * XIV. [p. 156]; XV. 4. [p. 171]. †“... about 15 m." [erroneously] (K. C. vol. ii. p. 117). Ly. Tr. vol. i. ch. ii. § XV. [ brave banks," p. 171]. The Red Man would be particularly prone to admire them. See p. 343, f. n. || XIV. 6. (1.), (2.), (3.), (4.) [p. 156]; XV. 4. [p. 171]. See a. u. 2. [pp. 175, 176]. †† See p. 335. SS XIV. [p. 157]; XV. [p. 172]. ** See pp. 325, 336. See p. 336. called the Thousand Islands,' sometimes, being viewed as one 98. of the lakes, 'the Lake of the Thousand Islands.' The boundary-commissioners found the actual number of the islands to be 1692.* The breadth of water is 12 m. at their beginning, 2 m. at their end. 99. THE ST. LAWRENCE RAPIDS.† There are eight rapids in the St. Lawrence. The first seven are of sufficient importance to need the construction of canals for ascending steamers, some, indeed, being so dangerous as to require four men at the wheel and two at the tiller; the first of the seven is 66 m. below Lake Ontario, the last about 180 m. (just above Montreal). The eighth is 305 m. below that lake (45 m. above Quebec). 100. THE MOUTH OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. About 270 m. below Lake Ontario is the point reached by the highest tides. About 320 m. down, the shores of the water, hitherto generally low, become from 60 to 80 f. high, and almost perpendicular: 350 m. down is Cape Diamond,-a fine bluff, which is 350 f. high, and is crested with the fortress of Quebec; opposite it is Point Levi,- -a height rather lower, and rather less prominent. § After a break on the northern side,— * B. vol. i. p. 156. + XIV. [p. 157]. From the head of Lake Erie to the Atlantic Ocean, the main chain of the Laurentian waters stretches in a north-easterly direction. § XIV. [p. 157]. Cape Diamond is so called from the little diamonds' picked up on it. We found some on it, near Wolfe's monument, on the site of his victory and death. * 100, caused by the valley of the St. Charles, a tributary that flows in just below Quebec,-the shores of the estuary, from Cape Diamond downward, are lined with lofty eminences; but of these the northern are by far the more striking, and rear themselves close to the water. Beginning about 10 m. below Quebec, they rise between 2000 and 3000 f. high, towering inland as 'Les Éboulemens', and throwing out majestic headlands. About 130 m. below the fortress-city, they are cloven by the deep, dark† Saguenay. Here the estuary has gradually attained the width of 20 m. After having opened out to that of 35 m., it is contracted, by a northern promontory, to that of 24 m. but here, 300 m. below Quebec, it expands into a gulf which measures 240 m. from west to east, and 300 m. from north to south. Above this magnificent body of water stretch "the mountains of the northern shore, having their snow-capt crests elevated to a vast height."§ The Gulf of St. Lawrence has three communications with the Atlantic Ocean. The width of the southernmost, which divides the peninsula of Nova Scotia from Cape Breton Island, is but m.; that of the channel between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland is 48 m.; that of the Strait of Belle Isle, which separates Newfoundland from Labrador, is 10 m. This last is passed through, in the summermonths, by the steamers, which ply between Quebec and Liverpool; but icebergs are often met with.¶ In the winter-months, these steamers run to Portland, a town in the State of Maine. *The depth of this river is, for the most part, 145 fms. in the centre, 100 fms. at the sides. In one recess, it is no less than 14 m., while the cliff rises 1500 f. above this stupendous hollow. In another, it is 14 m. If the bed of the St. Lawrence were laid dry, there would still be 100 fms. of water in the Saguenay. The width of the latter is from 3 m. to 2 m. (Bay field). See p. 247, f. n. $ Mart. p. 76cf. XV. [p. 172]. On the word, see pp. 211 (f. n.) and 184. So called from an island (21 m. round) at its north-eastern end. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES. Note to I. 6, 10, 11, 12. THE BEAUTY OF LAKE SIMCOE.* Mrs. Jameson calls Lake Simcoe a "most beautiful piece of water." Note to I. 8, 9, 10. THE BEAUTY OF LAKE KOOTCHI-TCHING. "If”—writes Mrs. Jamesont-"I had not exhausted all my superlatives of delight, I could be eloquent on the charms of this exquisite little lake."§ Suppl. to a. n. 11 [p. 181]. THE NAME OF LAKE KOOTCHI-TCHING. Mrs. Jameson || writes "Lake Cuchuching." I do not now think it possible that the last syllable of this word has any * See, on its present name, a. n. 8, on former names a. n. 80, and its suppl. † Ja. p. 313. Ja. p. 312. § . . . " and "-she continues-" the wild beauty of the rapids of the River Severn." Ja. ib. |