V. 1. "Since that glorious fray, have pass'd away— kk Know, White Man!-snows a score ;— "And lo! on the vest, that wraps my breast, "Still hang their scalp-locks four: "How they sank and died in the Chippewa's tide "To the brink of our foemen's tomb, "As they paddled swift to the grisly rift, Upturn'd each boat o'er the rift doth float, kk Carver (p. 250) says that the Red Men" in the interior parts count their years by winters, or, as they express themselves, by snows." He seems to always refer especially to the Dahkohtas (whom he calls 'the Naudowessies"), expressly stating this in his chapter on the religion of the Red Men. Mr. Hind (vol. ii, p. 154) says that among the Dahkohtas " years are enumerated by winters." Elliot found the same custom among the Massachusetts 'Indians' of the 17th century (Sch. I. pt. i. p. 284). 11 In another part of his book (namely in K. p. 159), Herr Kohl gives a 4. "All I saw, astound, in that wondrous swound drawing of a board, which served the purpose of a tomb-stone. Among the picture-signs on it is an inverted figure of a bear ;-which is, says Herr Kohl, as much as to say: "Here lies the chief of the Bear clan" [or, in Red Men's language, of the Bear totem: see a. n. 71]. mm This little poem is based on the following passage in K. p. 402 :— "In a journey I once took on the St. Peter's River" [or Minnee Sohta] "in the Sioux " [or Dahkohta] "country, accident brought me together with an Indian," who" was bedizened with many eagle-feathers and other trophies, and had a painting on his pipe, which, he told me, represented a glorious dream. He had dreamed it twenty years previously, and always connected it with the greatest exploit in his life-the slaughter of four" Ojibwas. "After having fasted, sung, and beaten the drum for a long time,-he said it seemed to him as if he were entering a temple, or great 'medicine'-wigwam. Round it sat many old wise men, the warriors and chiefs of the nation since olden times. They bade him welcome, allowed him to enter the sanctuary, and permitted him to beat the drum and sing in honour of the" Evil "Spirit near the great stone in the centre. While sitting to pray and sing in the midst of these men, he heard something coming towards him through the air. He could not at first detect what it was, but gradually saw that there were two canoes floating in the air, in each of" which "two" Ojibwas were "seated. The faces of these, his enemies, were blackened, and they had sung their death-song. The men and the canoes came floating up quite close to the door of the temple; when suddenly a large hole opened in the ground. The men with the canoes paddled into the hole, and they were swallowed up close before his eyes and feet. "Directly after, the whole dream melted away. He knew that he was destined to kill four" Ojibwas, "and he therefore crept into the" Ojibwa "land, found the four men, in their canoes, at the right spot (and this was also indicated to him in his dream, though I know not how), killed them one after the other, and brought home their four scalps. "He had, therefore, carried about with him through life a memorial of this deed and his dream. I had no reason to believe that he was deceiving me, for the two canoes were represented inverted." [Aud., B., El., Henn., La Poth., Le Hont., Rich. F. B., and Wil. have been quoted indirectly.] Assik. = Assikinack (Francis), “ a warrior of the Odahwas”* : Aud. B. = = = Social i. Legends and traditions of the Odahwas ;—ii. = Audubon (J. J.): Ornithological biography, or an account of the habits of the birds of the U. S.: Edinburgh ; 1831-1838. Bouchette (J.), surveyor-general of Lower Canada: The British dominions in North America: London; 1832. * His papers (read before the Canadian Institute) are ushered in by a note, in which it is stated that he "is a full-blood Indian, and a son of one of the chiefs of the Odahwas (or Ottawas) in" Great Mahnitoolin Island [a. n. 20],-that, " in 1840, he was sent, at the age of sixteen, to Upper Canada College, Toronto, by the Superintendent-General of Indian affairs,” and that he then (in 1858) filled "the office of Interpreter in the Indian Department at Cobourg" [on Lake Ontario, south of Rice Lake]. " of Mrs. It must have been his father that was the "chief interpreter Jameson's party at Great Mahnitoolin Island. She speaks of him as one of "the Ottawa chiefs" of that island, and as " a very remarkable man." "This man" she adds,-" who understands English well, is the most celebrated orator of his nation. They relate with pride, that on one occasion he began a speech at sun-rise, and that it lasted, without intermission, till sun-set." She says that the name (which she writes "As-si-ke-nack") means' Blackbird.' (Ja. pp. 276, 278, 288.) Bal. = Ballantyne (R. M.): Hudson's Bay, or six years in the territories of the H. B. C.: 2nd. edn.; Edinburgh and London; 1848. = Bay. Bayfield (Captain): Admiralty-charts; accompanied by a small book. Bigs. Br. C. = = Bigsby (J.), M.D., Hon. Mem. of the American Geological Society, &c.: The shoe and canoe, or pictures of travel in the Canadas: London; 1850. = Brown (J. B.): Views of Canada and the colonists: 2nd edn.; Edinburgh and London; 1851. Cabot (J. E.): Narrative of the tour; in Agassiz's Lake Superior: 1 vol. 8vo.; Boston; 1850. Carv. = Cat. Ch. D. Da. Carver (J.), "Captain of a Company of Provincial Troops during the late war with France:" Travels through the interior parts of North-America, in the years 1766, 1767, and 1768: London; 1778. = Catlin (G.): Letters and Notes on the North-American Indians, written during eight years' travel (1832-1839): 4th edn. 8vo. London; 1844. = Charlevoix (le Père), de la Compagnie de Jésus: Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle France; avec le journal historique d'un voyage fait par ordre du roi dans l'Amérique Septentrionnale: 3 t. 4o.: Paris, 1744. = Disturnell [pub.]: A trip through the Lakes, &c.: New York; 1857. = Dablon (le Père), de la Compagnie de Jésus: [in Jés. I]. El. Elliot : Translation of the Holy Scriptures into the tongue of the Indians of Massachusetts: Cambridge, Massachusetts; 1685.† * See pp. 292 (f. n.), 306 (f. n.). His life has been written by the Rev. Cotton Mather. He published a translation of the New Testament in 1661, one of the Old in 1663, and a revised one of both in 16859 |