AP

.Kn
1/3

COMMITTEE.
Chairman-LORD BROUGHAM, F.R.S., Member of the National Institute of France.

Vice-Chairman-EARL SPENCER.

Treasurer-Sir I. L. GOLDSMID, Bart., F.R. and R.A.S.
Captain Beaufort, R.N., F.R. and R.A.S. J. T. Graves, Esq., A.M., F.R.S.

Professor Malden, A.M.
Lord Campbell

M. D. Hill, Esq., Q.C.

A. T. Malkin, Esq., A M.
Professor Carey, A.M.

Right Hon. Sir J. C. Hobhouse, Bart., M.P. Mr. Serjeant Manning.
John Conolly, M.D.
Thos. Hodgkin, M.D,

Lord Nugent.
William Coulson, Esq.
Henry B. Ker, Esq.

Professor Quajn.
Tie Bishop of St. David's.
Professor Key, A.M.

Sir Martin Archer Shee, P.R.A., F.R.S.
Sir Henry De la Beche, F.R.S.
John G. S. Lefevre, Esq., A.M.

Sir George T. Staunton, Bart., M.P.
l'rofessor De Morgan, F.R.A.S.

Sir Denis Le Marchant, Bart.

Professor Thomson, M.D, F.L.9.
Lord Denman.

Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P.

Thomas Vardon, Esq.
T. P. Ellis, Esq., A.M., F.R.A.S.
George C. Lewis, Esq., A.M.

Jacob, Waley, Esq., A.M.
Thomas Falconer, Esq.

James Loch, Esq., M.P., F.G.S.

Jas. Walker, Esq., F.R.S., P. Inst. Civ. Eng.
John Forbes, M.D., F.R.S.

Professor Long, A.M.

Thos. Webster, Esq., A.M.
F. H. Goldsmid, Esq.

Right Hon. S. Lushington, D.C.L.

Lord Wrottesley, A.M., F.R.A S.
B. Gompertz, Esq., É.R. and R.A.S.

LOCAL COMMITTEES.

-

Aiton, Staffordshtra Rev. J.P. Jones.

Exeter-J. Tyrrell, Esq.

Oxford-Ch. Daubeny, M.D., F.R.S., Prof. Chem.
Anglesea—Rev. E. Williams.

John Milford, Esq. (Coater.)

Rev. Baden Powell, Sav. Prof.
Rev. W. Johnson.

Glamorganshire --W. Williams, Esq., Aber- Rev. John Jordan, B.A.
- Miller, Esq.

Pesth, Hungary--Count Szechenyi.

pergwm.
Barnstaple- Bencraft, Esq

Glasgmo-

Plymouth-H. Woolleombe, Esq., F.A.S., Chairn.
William Gribble, Esq.

to, 432

.

ETSSINIA, Bedouins of, page 368 DIAMOND, commercial value of the, 214 IBRAHIM Pasha, harem of, 39. Port Philip, trees of, 20
doctor in, 195

-, in the arts, uses of the, 246 Improvements, public, in 1814, 497 Potosi, mines at, 120
en, Eastern, trading town of, 212 Discontent, spirit of, 267

Indus and the Cabul, junction of the, Printing, first effects of, 304
oy, causes which led to the belief Drapers' shops, late hours of business 248

Protective and sanatory provisions for
in, 102
Iron, importance of, 395

populated districts, 479
ps, engineering among, 407, 410 Drawing crayons, 264

Irresolution, 364

Psalmanazar, George, 310, 318
foods and avalanches of, 18 Drifting sands, plantations on, 114 Jew in Jerusalem, visit to, 368 Pygmies, race of, 69
, glaciers of the, 15
Dunlop cheese, 92
Jungle, the, 108

RAILWAYS, rambles from : the Mole,
mia, frontier settling in, 60 Dust-storms of New South Wales, 427 KAMTCHATKA, log houses in, 112 Surrey, 100, 116, 148; the Lea, 185,
citi Romans, commerce among the, EASTERN Africa, commercial navy of, Kingfisher, the, 88

213, 217, 231, 233, 244; the Adur,
33

132

Kordofan, autumnal custom of, 308 Arun, and Wey, 276, 234, 316, 332,
lo-Saxons, fine arts among the, 25 Eating fish, effects of, 352

brend in, 352

319, 371, 401
mal life, gradations of, 63
Egypt, English woman in, 300

-, climate of, 304

Red Sea, 315
imals, locomotion of. 27, 84, 140, —-, irrigatiou in, 352

Kuvi, 53

Reval, fair at, 120
21, 396, 441, 452
Elephant hunt, 312
LABOUR, 103

River Gambia, sleeping fish of, 323
ole and pear, produce of the, 142 Elm tree, uses of the, 54

Lancashire oat-cakes, 60

Robin redbreast, anecdotes of a, 104
ka horse, attachment of, 312 England and America, railroads in, 147 Land, encroachmeuts of the sea on the Romans and the Northmen, 32)
palin vasp-dance, 496
Essays on the lives of remarkable 190

Rome, nuisances in, 352
dens, causes of the decline of, 32

painters, by Mrs. Jameson--P. Peru- Lapland, Christmas on the frontiers Römer at Fraukfort, 393. 425, 449, 431
binas in London, 63, 105; Tatter. gino, 4; F. Francia, 4; Francesco of, 8

Roots of plants, supply of air to, 260
Bull's, 133
Raibolini, called St. Francia, 41; Fra La Vendée in 1793, 144

Russia, precious inetals in, 322, 246
#tralian squatters, 456
Bartolomeo, 93, 97; Lionardo da Lemon-jnice in the navy, use of, 187

Silt trade of foreign countries, 66
PIPES, 278
Vinci, 169, 181; Michael Angelo, Levant, dried fruits of, 359

Sanssure and his successors, 438, 442
Balms and Balsams, 119

268, 309, 345; scholars of Michael London and Dover railway, coast line Saxon Witenagemot, 453
cor Cathedral, 409
Angelo, 356; Andrea del Sarto, 388; of the, 257

Scotch fishermen, superstitions of, 408
hers and surgeons, 87, 91
Raphael d'Urbino, 436; Raphael at London, public gardens of, 172

Sea, encroachments of, on the land, 197
His for the working classes, 395 Rome, 444, 460; death of Raphael, Lorenzo de' Medici, 219, 229

Seven Ages, sculpture of, by Belnes, 241
likes for the poor, 32

492
Luther's convent, 435

Shepherds in New South Wales, 96
in Surinam, 56
Eton College, Louis Phillippe's visit Lying, 171

Shinglt-beaches, movement of, 242
Demory of, 24

Lynmouth and Lynton, 227

Ship-building, Chinese, 32
pasturage of, 55
FACTORIES, days at, describing various DIARSKILLES, supply of water to, 224

Silk-worms in Jamaica, 459
lingsgate market, 439

manufactures and arts. Yorkshire Mechanics Institution of Great Britain, Society, nature the architect or, 92
Becay, province of, 69
worsted factories, 33; Butterley iron 2:29

South America, damp and dry winds of,
Baddess, mental, 93
works, 73; Fitzalan steel and file Medallions "en clichée,' 302

369
am Castle, 196

works, Sheffield, 121 ; Sheffield cut Medals and medallions, casts from, 237 Spaniards, type of the, 20
k clubs, 179

lery works, 161; Felling chemical Medici family and Florence, 210, Spanish Town, 416
Hatle papers at sea, 434
works, 201; glass factory, 249; Bar- Metals, coloured and variegated, 199

Sphinx, 368
alone, Roman lighthouse at, 12 rowfield dye-works, Glasgow, 289; Mexico, orange groves of, 20

Standard, sterling, and carat, on the
ties and Effigies, 457, 4:6
Tyne Factories-white and red lead

valley of, 216

terms, 239, 247
leges in the Himalaya Mountains, 275 and shot-Sopwith's cabinet manu Michael Angelo's Jonah, 336

St. David, cathedral of, 433
Buze, figure-casting in, 253
factory, 337 ; second day at the Tyne Milan, arch of peace,

369

Sterling, standard, and carat, on the
de light, atmospheric, 173
factories--Stephenson's locomotive Mind amongst the Spindles, 267

terms, 239, 247
nos Ayres, 177
factory – the Walker oil-mill-starch Model farm, 171

Stock Exchange, the, 29
ENIDGE, rouud church at, 220 factory, 343; electro-plate factory. Vogadore, 387

Straw, pictures and devices in, 183
Cup of Refuge, 488

417; Birmingham factories, 465, Money, materials employed as, 158 Sugar-making, United States, 375
Capital, distribution of, 155
501

tokens and siege pieces, 110

TANGIER in 1826, reminiscences of, 313,
Carat, standard, and sterlioz, on the Fingers, eating with, 411

Moon, light of, 459

326, 334
terms, 239, 247

Florence and the Medici family, 210 NATURAI. productions, economy of Telescopes, reflectors for, 287
Casts from organized substances, 270 Fogs, origin of, 395

power in, 355

Timber houses, old English, 89
Ement, elastic, 6
Food, preservation of, 496
Naworth Castle, 273

Timber, preservation of, 135
L'alets and pasturages of the Alps, 474 Frankincense and Myrrh, 71

Nettles, English and foreign, 392 Tokay districts of Hungary, 478
(ameliou, 411
Fruits, dried, of Malaga, 374
New Orleans, uniform of, 352

Topiary work, 307
apel Royal, St. James's, 321 Fuel, economy of, 100

New Zealand superstitions, 55

Toulouse, description of, 21
Charities, ancient and modern, 52 Funerals, expense of, 94

North America, ancient building in, 57 Travelling and vehicles on the Conti.
iteese districts of Italy, 274
GAMBOGE tree, 308
North American Indians, villages of,

nent, 350, 357, 363
elsea Hospital, 297
German life, 312

109

Turkey, supply of water io, 563
lety, produce of the, 107

Germany and America, education in, Occupations of the people, changes in, USAges before interment, and funeral
(!ester, cathedral of, 365

139
486

ceremonies, 45
tlichester, cathedral of, 473
Giraffe bunting, 335

Ordnance surveys, English and Irish, VALHALLA, description of the interior
Odren, education of, 272
Goats' milk in Spain, 411

389, 402

of, 489
lii, mining system of, 393
Gold mines, Irish, 426
Owls, Italian, 315

Vegetation, power of, 315
Ganese agriculture, 364
Great Britain, occupations of the peo- Palissy, 151, 155

Vehicles and travelling on the Conti.
Crist Church, Hampshire, 281

ple in, 366
Paper, rice and straw, 223

nent, 350, 357, 363
Cristian community, 56
Great men and national greatness, 240 Paris, column of July, 209

Venice, water-carrying girls of, 331
fral, stores of, 363

Greensted, Essex, church at, 17 Paris, Hotel des Invalides, 263 Warts, 455
C Duel Gardiner, 353

Gualior or Gwalior, 113
cars, harmony of, 60

Paris in 15.9, description uf, by a Ve. Wakes and burials, Irish, 279, 283
Gum, the sources and list's of, 150 netian ambassador, 8

Wandering Jew, the, 144
Linstantinople, 448
Gypsum, the sources and uses ot, 58 Paris, pavement of, 20

Warping, fertilization of land by, 221
Coway Casile, 157
HAND, muscles of the, 200
Paris, Punch in, 235

Warwick, 145
Cookery, English, French notions of, 456 Hannibal, character of, 60

l'eat-fuel of Ireland, 414

Water, production of sound under, 13
Cornish miners, 212
Hares, battle between, 328

Penang, trumpet beetle of, 328 Western antiquities, 355
Chwall, machine at Tresavean Mine, Hazel, uses of the, 131

Penny postage, results of, 63

Winds of New South Wales, 416
Hindustan, respect paid to women and Philosophy, practical, in a small way, 11 Wive districts of France, 399, 450; of
forestry, ancient, 129

children in, 496
Pig killing at Rome, 320

Portugal and Madeira, 431 ; of Spain,
l'aubear, 192
Holland, dykes and canals of, 43 Pix, trial of the, 98

434 ; of the Rhine, 446; of Italy,
Curiosities of British Natural History - Honey, rapid manufacture of, 18 Plait manufacture of Tuscany, 233 462; Levant, 432
Bitterlies, 1, 49, 81; British inoths, Hornets, attack of, 459

Plants, rapid growth of, 264

Wood, pictures and devices on, 175
137, 193, 225, 261, 305, 361; Centi- Hudibras, 9, 31, 61, 153, 189, 329, 404. Poplar-tree, uses of the, 23

XANTHIAN marbles, 412
pecies and Millepedes, 385

428, 484
Poi'py oil and opium, 46

YEAS, Hungarian, 132

SUBJECT

PAGE. DESIGNERS, EXORAVERS.
16 Portrait of Francia, and Presentation in
the Temple,

after a picture by him 41 Harvey. Clarke.
17 Anglo-Saxon Coffin and Grave-Clothes.
From the Raising of Lazarus

45 Fairholt. Sears.
18 Group of British Butterflies

49 Brown. Jackson,
19 Procession of Freemasons' Orphans at

Freemasons' Hall. From Stothard 52 Tiffin.
20 Ancient Tower at Newport, U. S.

57 Brown.
21 The Bear at the Stake

61 Harvey M.Hampton
22 Auction-room at Christie's

65 Tiffin. Jackson.
23 Bilbao

69 Fairholt. Nugent.
24 Butterley Iron Works. Casting iron 73 J, Jewitt.
25
Coke Ovens

75

weich.
26
Filling Blast- Purnace

77

Sears,
27
Cisting Pipes

78

Jorway.
28

Puddling Furnace and Shin.
gling Hammer

79

Welch,
29
Rellinz Bar-Iron

79

Horner.

.

Jackson.

Holloway.

25 Rowlett.
29 Fussell.
33 L. Jewitt.
37
37
38
39

Horner.
Securs.
Wragg.
Romney.
Wraps

.

.

90

332 Thorne.

Wrang

.

.

.

369 Tifin.

99

396 Fussell.

SUBJECT

SUBJECT.
PAGE. DESIGNERS. ENGRA VERS.

PAGE, DESIGNERS. ENGRAVEES.
39 Butterley Iron-Works. Cutting Boiler Plates 80

W ragy
130 Gronp of British Moths

305 Browne. Jackson,
31 Butterflies, Group III.
81 Brown. Jacksop. 131 Jonah, from a Picture by West

309 Dukes.

Sears.
32 Diagram to illustrate Walking

84 Fussell.
132 Tangier, from an original sketch

313 Timin. Gray.
33 Various Positious of the Human Figure

133 Old Shoreham Church

316 Thorne. Jackson.
in Walking

85
134 The Arun at Little Hampton

317
34 Position of the Figure ip Slow Walking 86

135 Tortington Priory

318
35 Ditto ditto in Quick Walking 86

136 Interior of the Chapel Royal, St. James's 321 L. Jewitt. Nugent.
36 Curves formed in Walking with Woodeu

137-139 Skeletons of Man, Chimpanzee, and
Legs
86
Orang-outan :

324 Fussell. Jacksun.
37 Curves formed in Running wiih ditio : 86

140-142 Skulls of Man, (himpanzee, and
38 Curves formed iu Walking

96
Orany-outan

320
39 Hulme Hall, Lancashire

89 T.F.Marshall
143 Red Howling Monkey

325
40 Carved Timber Gable at Ockwells

90 Poynter.

144 Hudibras--the Rescue of the Bear 329 Harvey.
41 Fra Bartolomeo

93 Harvey.

H. Clarke. 145 Combat of Hudibras with Orsin and
42 Group from the picture of the Madonna

Cerdon

331

M. Hampton
at Lucca, by F. Bartolomeo

97
146 Amberly Castle

Jackson
43 Scene on the Mole
100 J. Thorne. Jackson. 147 Mill at Arundel

333
44 Betchworth Castle

101
148 Jonah afer Michael Angelo

336
45 Auction Mart

105 Tiffin.

149 Casting Lead into Flat Moulds for White-
46 Crow, Sioux, and Pawnee Indians 109 Catlin. Slr.

Lead Manufacture

337 L. Jewitt. Sears.
47 Fortress of Gualior .

113 Fairholt. Sears.
150 Casting Shot .

338

Horner.
48 Leatherhead Church
117 J. Thorne. Jackson. 151 Inclined-Plane for Separating Shot 339

Nugent.
49 Steel-Works: Melting Furnaces 121 Shepherd.

Welch.
152 Red-Lead Stirring'

340
50 Tilt Hammers

124

Sears.
153 Setting the Beds for White Lead

341

Welch.
51 Clay Kneading for Crucibles

125

Nugent.
154 Daniel - From the Sistine Chapel

345

Jackson.
52 File Forying
127 Wells. Roinney. 155 Gateway at Cowdry

348 Thorpe.
53 File-cutters at Work

123

Palling
156 Birth-place of Col. Gardiner

353 J. T. Black. T."Williams
54 Harriening Tank

128

Crow.

157 Portrait of D. da Volterra, and Group
55 Oid Timber Almshouses at Coventry 129 Ilarves.

Bastin.

from his Picture of the Taking down
56 Court-yard of Tattersall's

133
Jackson.
from the Cross

356 Harvey. H. Clarke
57 Sphinxes or Hawk Moths

137 Browu.

158 Group from the Raising of Lazarus 357
58 Diagrams illnstrative of Walking

140 Fussell.
159 Group of British Moths

Brown.
361

Jackson.
52 Curves in Walking with Wooden Legs. 140

160 Chester Cathedral

365
60 Diagram illustrative of Running

140
161 Arch of Peace, Milan.

Wakefield.
61 Figures from Plaxman, illustrative of

162 Guildford Castle

372 Thorne,

Jacksore.
False Position of Centre of Gravity 141

163 St. Catherine's Chapel

373
62 Ditto
ditto
141
164 Stephenson's Locomotive Factory

377 B. Sly.

Nugent.
63 Human Figures Jumping

141
165 Grinding Linseed

382 J. Jerritt,

Horner.
64 Old Houses at Warwick

145 Harvey.
166 Crushed Linseed falling into Bags 382

Sears.
65 Beauchamp Chapel

146
167 Bags of Linseed in the Hydraulic Press 382

Welch.
66 Claremont

148 Thorne.
168 Stripping the Bag from the Oil-cake 383

Palling.
67 Mill at Cobham

143
169 British Centipedles and Mille pedes .

Jackson.

385 Brown.
69 Wolsey's Tower

149

170 Andrea del Sarto and Group from the
69 Sir Iludibras Addressing the Mob 153 Harvey.

Madonna del Sacco .

H. Clarke,

388 Harvey.
70 Conway Castle .

157 M. Stanley. J. Adams.
171 St. Joachim

389
71 Saw-grinders

161 Shepherd. Nugent.
172 Egyptian Coffee Service

392
72 Paring

162 Wells. Sears.
173 The Emperor Otto III.

393 Harvey.

Jackson.
173 Toothing Long Saw

162

Crow.

174 The Bat
74 Forging Razor blades

164

Weich. 175 The Horse, four Figures to illustrate
75 Cutting Ivory Handles with Circular Saw 167 Shepherd. Palling.

the Step

396
76 Penknife cutlers

163

Sears.
176 Horse Trotting.

397
77 Lionardo da Vinci, and the Battle of the

177 Kangarons ·
Standard

169 Harvey.

H. Clarke.
178 Newark Priory

401 Thorne,
8 Gardens of the Royal Botanical Society 172 Tilfin. Jacksou. 179 Hudibras subdued by Trulla

404 Harvey. Jackson.
79 Buenos Ayres

177 Brown.

180 Hudibras and Ralph conveyed to the
80 Santa Anna ; after . da Vinci

181 Ilarvey.
H. Clarke.
Stocks.

405

M.Hamptoil
81 Luton Church
185 Thorne. Jackson.

Jackson.

181 Bangor Cathedral
82 Church of Houghton Regis

185

182 Xanthian Marbles in the British Museum 412 Sargent. Horner.
83 The Flight of the Bear
199 Harvey. M. Hampton. 183 Electro-Plating-Silver-deposit Room

Welch.
84 British Moths
193 Brown. Jackson. 184 Swaging

421 Gilberts

Nngeni.
85 Bodiam Castle

196 Sargent Sears.
185 Soldering with Gas-Jets

421

Horner.
86 Soda-Furnaces

201 Shepherd Nugent.
186 Moulds, &c.

423 Shepherd.

Gorway,
87 Sulphuric-Acid Chambers

203

Crow.
187 Burnishing

424 Gilberts.

Sears.
89 Platinum Still, for Sulphuric Acid . 204 weils.

Wragg,
183 Planishing

424
89 Soda-crystallizing Pans

206 Shepherd.

Welch.
189 Frederic I. Barbarossa

Jackson.

425 Härrey.
90 Cylindrical Mass of Crystallized Alum 207 L. Jewitt.

190 The Lady visiting Hudibras in the Stocks 428
91 Colonne de Juillet, Place de la Bastille 209 Tillin. Jackson. 191 The Knight and Squire released . 429
92 Panshanger Oak

213 Thorne.
192 Cathedral of St. David

433 Brown.
93 Hertford Castle

217

193 Portrait of Raphael d'Urbino, and Mar-
94 Chadwell Springs

219
riage of Joseph and Mary

436 Harvey.

H. Clarke.
95 Round Church, Cambridge, exterior 220 Fairholt. Sly.

194 Hunting the Ostrich

441 Fusseli.

Jackson
96 Ditto
ditto interior 221 Brown. Jackson

195 Foot of Woodpecker
97 Group of British Moths

225
196 Green Woodpecker

442
99 Lynmouth Bridge

228 Porter.
197 Group from ihe Heliodorus

443 Harvey. H. Clarke
99 Lynton Parsonage

229
198 Pope Julius II. .

445
100 Broxbourne Church

2:33 Thorne.
199 Frederic II. .

449

Jackson,
101 Abbey Gates, Waltham

235
200 Ringed Snake, Vertical Motion

452 Fussell.
102 Portrait of M. Angelo, with figures from

201 Amboyna Box-Tortoise

452
the Monument of Lorenzo de' Medici 236 Harvey. Clarke. 202 Ringed Snake, Lateral Motion

453
103 The Seven Ages, from Behnes
241 Wells. Palling. 203 Brass Effigy of Margaret Cheyne ,

Horner.
104 Bleak Ilall

244 "Thorne. Jackson.
204 Inlaid Brass of Eleanor Bohun

457 Sly.

Sears.
105 Tottenham High Cross

941
205 Joseph relating his Dream. After Raphael 460 Harrey.

H. Clarke.
106 Plate-Glass Casting
349 l.'Jewitt. Sears. 206 Angels appearing to Abraham

461
107 Translerring to the Pontel

451

Crow.
207 Buttou Manufactory, General View S65 Wells.

Nuyent.
108 Flashing out Crowu Glass

252

Nugent.

208
Stamping

567

Sears.
109 Examining Liquid Glass

253

Horner.
209 Soldering Shanks

463
110 Sheet-Glass-making

255

210
Gilding

469

Crow.
111 Glass-Bottle-making

250

Horner.
211 Burnishing

469

Field,
112 Abbut's Cliff Tunnel, Dover

257 Sly,

Welch.
212 Match-lock

472
113 Group of British Moths
261 Brown. Jackson. 213 Cathedral of Chichester

473 Brown. Jackson.
114 Church of the Invalides, Paris

265 Sly.

Sears.
214 Brass Effigy of Sir T. Bohun

466 Jewitt.
115 Cumean Sibyl, Sistine Chapel
269 Harvey H. Clarke. 215

of Wm. Todde

477
116 Figure from the Sistine Chapel

269
216 Maximilian the First

431 llarrey

Jackson.
117 Group from the Sistine Chapel

269
217 Procession of the Skimmington

494
119 Naworth Castle
273 Tiffin. T.'Williams. 218 Flight of Hudibras and Ralpho

485

M. Hamptou
119 Cottages at Henfield
276 Thorne. Jackson. 219 Interior of the Valhalla

489
120 Interior of Christ Church, Hants

281 Browne.

220 St. Michael orercoming the Dragon 492 Harvey. H, Clarke.
121 Bramber Castle

284 Thorne,
221 Charity

493
122 Bleaching Ground, Glasgow .
289 Wells. Welch. 222 Royal Exchange

497 Wells.

Sears.
123 Yarn-wringing

291
Curlew. 223 Conservative Club-House

498 B. Sly. Palling:
124 Bandana Press

292

Sears.
224 Guildball, Bristol

500

Horner
125 The Men'sey

295
Nugent. 225 Wire-drawing Machine

501 Wells.

Wrang.
126 Chelsea Hospital, 1715

297 B. Sly. Sears.
226 Making Heads of Serews

503

Welch.
127 Mosque of Ibn Tooloon
300 Harrey Jackson. 227 Culting Worm of Screw's

503
128 Turkish Lady iu Riding Attire of Egypt 300

229 Cutting Iron for Nails

504
129 Turkish Lady in the ordinary Dress

203
M. Hampton. I 229 Making Cit Brads .

504

[a, Pontia Cardamines ; b, Pieris Cratægi; c, Pontia Rapæ ; d, Pontia Napi; e, Pontia Brassicæ ; s, Gonopteryx Rhamni; 9, Colias Hyale.] CURIOSITIES OF BRITISH NATURAL so striking is the contrast. Well might the Greeks, HISTORY.

elegant even in their mythology, apply the term Psyche BUTTERFLIES.

to the soul-and to the butterfly, the latter being the

mystical emblem of the former. IF, having never seen or heard of a butterfly, one were All know what a caterpillar is,—there are few who to meet our gaze, as on winnowing wings it danced are not familiar with the caterpillars of many of the through the summer air from flower to flower, should more common butterflies, so destructive to the escuwe conceive it possible that it had ever been a crawl- lent vegetables of the kitchen-garden; but still some ing and voracious worm, and then a torpid being en- points in their structure and economy may not be so veloped like a mummy in a case,—whence it sprung generally understood. forth in newness of life, light-winged, and graceful in The caterpillars of the butterfly tribe have hard every movement, and arrayed with beauty? And horny jaws; a body consisting of segments, to the though we know this to be the fact, when we look at number of twelve, exclusive of the head. They are the sluggish leaf-eating caterpillar, and contrast it with furnished with legs of two kinds : of these, the first what it will be, when on broad wings it traverses gar- three pairs, attached to the three first segments of the den and meadow, extracting from the flowers their body respectively, are true, or persistent, being the nectar for food, we feel involuntary emotions of wonder, / rudiments of the legs of the perfect insect; these are No. 755.

Vol. XIII.-B