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DE BOW'S
BOW'S REVIEW.

AUGUST, 1855.

LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL.

THE COAL PRODUCT OF THE UNITED STATES.

In the February number of the Review, some valuable information upon this subject was presented to our readers. We are now glad of an opportunity to complete the paper:

In the year 1815, when the duty on foreign coal was $3 60, the price in New York was $23 the chaldron of 36 bushels. From 1816 to 1823, the duty was $1 80, and the average price was $11.

From 1824 to 1834, the duty was $2 16, and the average price was $14.

In 1842 the duty was $1 75 per ton, and the market price was $7 16; and in 1844, with a duty of $1, the price was $5 56. In the year 1846, the duty was altered to an ad valorem one of thirty per cent., or about 45 cents per ton, and the market price since has ranged from $6 50 to $7 50.

Pennsylvania is rich in its coal product. This article is one of the great sources of wealth to that State, and its importance may be seen through the various railroads and canals of that State eastwardly. We refer only to the anthracite region, whose mines seem to be inexhaustible, and we leave out of view the immense production in western Pennsylvania. The latter portion of the State owes its growth mainly to its coal-beds, in conjunction with its iron and glass manufactures.

The maximum capabilities of the transportation companies may be set down at 7,300,000 tons per year, with their present forces, namely:

If we may judge by the increase of the last two or three years, the quantity of coal required by the above conveyances will be 7,500,000 tons for the coming year, and between eight and nine millions for the year 1856. We have received from London the special report of Professor Wilson on the New York Industrial Exhibition, in which document we find a variety of useful information in reference to the manufactures, minerals, mining, and metallurgy, of the United States. His remarks on the iron, lead, copper, and zinc products and manufactures will be a valuable addition to the information already in possession, and will be acceptable as well to the legislator as to the manufacturer and merchant.

Virginia takes the lead among the eastern (or Atlantic) States, as the owner of coal-fields, and is, in fact, one of the prominent States of the whole Union as the possessor of this valuable mineral.

Area of the several States where coal is found, and the coal areas of each, and the proportion of coal.

North Carolina is reputed to hold about as much coal land as Georgia.

From this valuable reference-table it will be seen that Illinois takes the lead, having within her own borders onethird of the entire coal region of the United States. Next in importance is Pennsylvania, producing both anthracite and bituminous coals. Of these immense fields Professor Wilson says:

"These comprise the three anthracite coal-fields of Eastern Pennsylvania known as the Southern, or Schuylkill, the Middle, or Shamokin, and the Northern, or Wyoming, and

the Frostburg or Cumberland coal-field, (semi-bituminous,) in the State of Maryland. Besides these beds, a small outlying bed exists in Pennsylvania of semi-bituminous coals, known as the Broadtop, which, however, owing to its insulated position, being without any means of access, is only available for local purposes; and some deposits of considerable area in Virginia, whose importance is being daily recognized, and whose produce is daily finding its way into the markets. The demand, at present, however, is confined chiefly to gas-making purposes.

"Of the three anthracite beds of Pennsylvania, the Southern is, both by situation and magnitude, the most important, and furnishes a large proportion of the entire supply. It presents great facilities of access, which have been made advantageous use of by two canal companies, the Lehigh and the Schuylkill, and by the Reading railroad, which penetrate far into the interior, and form the great outlets for its produce. Other railways are now in progress, which will not only afford additional facilities of transfer to the Atlantic cities, but also open a communication to the latter, and through them to the western markets."

The third in importance is Ohio, having nearly one-third of its area in coal. The returns as to production are not copious, but Sir Charles Lyell, who made critical inquiries on the subject, reported the following as the yield for 1851-'52:

At the exhibition were produced samples of coals from Valley Falls, Rhode Island, but the product is of inferior quality.

Of the Virginia coal, twelve miles west of Richmond, and extending fifty miles, the seams are 800 feet in thicknessbeing the deepest mines known in America. In Belgium some of the mines are known to be from 1,140 to 1,476 feet in depth; in England, 1,000 to 1,794 feet-with an average in Lancashire of 750 feet.

To Mr. Taylor's work (published by J. W. Moore, Philadelphia) we are indebted for the following summary: