megon Bay (present Ashland County, Wisconsin), on Lake Superior, in 1665–1669, being in the latter year succeeded by Father Marquette. For more than a quarter of a century Father Allouez laboured in the western missions. He was named the first Vicar-General of the Northwest Territory. He was styled by his superior, Father Dablon, a "second Xavier." Shea calls him "the founder of Christianity in the West," and by others he is called "the Apostle of the West." He preached the Gospel to twenty different tribes. He dared to travel farther than any of the missionaries of his time. His life was one alternation of triumph and defeat. At one time the Indians wished to worship him as a god, at another they would murder him. His name is imperishably connected with the progress of discovery in the Mackinac country and the West. He died near Fort St. Joseph, in the vicinity of the present University of Notre Dame, Indiana.

ANNEX ROAD (148): Road from Four Corners through Hubbard's Annex, where the West End cottages are located.

ARCH ROCK (75): The world-famous natural arch, a counterpart of the Natural Bridge in Virginia.

According to Indian tradition, this magnificent arch, which from some view points seems suspended in air, was formed by the Giant Fairies, who once inhabited the Island, and who may still be seen about this chasm of wild grandeur on moonlight nights by those who have the eye to perceive them. Geologically, it is a calcareous formation, which was among the first points on the Island to project above water in ancient times. It was formed by the action of the receding waters, wearing and loosening great masses from its sides. The summit of the arch is a hundred and forty-nine feet above the lake level, with a span of over

fifty feet. Legendary lore records that Arch Rock was the gateway through which the Giant Fairies entered the Island. ARCH ROCK ROAD (135): Carriage Drive from Huron Road to Arch Rock.

ARCH ROCK TRAIL (83): An old Indian trail from the northeast corner of Marquette Park, up the bluff to Cass Cliff, crossing Huron Road, Potawatomi Court, and Arch Rock Road, leading direct to Forest King, a lone pine tree, at which it makes a square turn to the right; it ends at Arch Rock.

ASTOR HOUSE (Named for John Jacob Astor) (41): The building was formerly the headquarters of the Ameri can Fur Company, for the Mackinac country; it is now utilized as a hotel.

John Jacob Astor organized the American Fur Company in 1809, and was until 1834 its head and chief promoter. Washington Irving has given a charming account of this fur-trade and its relations with Mackinac Island, in Astoria. The force numbered about four hundred clerks and traders, and about two thousand voyageurs. Five hundred of these were quartered in barracks, one hundred lived in the "Old Agency House," and the others were camped in tents and the homes of the Islanders. The Astor House, or as then, the Island headquarters of the Company, was the social centre for the Mackinac country and vast regions beyond. Mr. Astor was born in Waldorf, near Heidelberg, Germany, July 17, 1763; died at his home in New York, 1848. fortune at the time of his death is said to have been nearly $20,000,000. In his will, among other provisions, he left a liberal sum to found the Astor House, in his birth-place, at Waldorf, for the education of poor children and the care of the aged. One of his descendants, John Jacob Astor,

His

was drowned, with many others, by the sinking of the Titanic.

BABY MANITOU (205): A detached boulder just a little distance to the north of Gitchi Manitou, both being on the East Shore Boulevard, and below Arch Rock.

BADIN GROVE (107): A magnificent grove, named in honour of the two Badin brothers, both Catholic priests of the early days.

Father Stephen Theodore Badin was the first priest to be ordained within the limits of the thirteen original States. As a pioneer missionary of Kentucky, he is said to have "lived in the saddle," travelling more than 100,000 miles during his service there, beginning with the half century following the year 1793. He was born at Orleans, France, in 1768; died in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1853. In 1904, his body was removed to the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, he having secured the property for this great institution of learning.

Father François Vincent Badin left Detroit in April, 1825, and after a long and tedious voyage arrived at Mackinac Island. His coming having been announced, he was received with great joy by Catholics and Protestants alike. The courthouse, whither he was conducted, was lighted up and decorated for the occasion, and he addressed the people. The Secretary of War, through the influence of Congressman Father Richard, agreed to bear two-thirds of the expense of establishing educational buildings at Mackinac, and to pay twenty dollars per year for each child educated. Father Badin inspired two Catholic nuns to give their services for the instruction of the Indian girls. During his administration the Catholic church was removed to the present site. At his departure the Indians assembled

on the beach to say farewell to the good Father they had loved so well. Father Badin returned to Detroit.

BANCROFT REST (53): Resting place on east bluff. Named for George Bancroft, the American historian.

Mr. Bancroft was educated at Harvard, and at Göttingen and Heidelberg, Germany. Among his friends were the leading scholars of his day in Europe and America. He was an intimate friend of the poets Longfellow, Whittier and Lowell; of the writers Irving, Hawthorne, and Emerson; and of the historians Parkman, Motley and Prescott. His first publication was a volume of poems (1823). The first volume of his History of the United States appeared in 1834. President Polk appointed him Secretary of the Navy, and during his term of office Bancroft established the Naval Academy at Annapolis. It was he who gave the order, in case of war with Mexico, to take immediate possession of California, an acquisition of territory due to his initiative. He was later Minister to Great Britain and Germany. He was greatly interested in Mackinac and the Old Northwest, and his enthusiastic letters to Schoolcraft, while the latter was an Indian agent at Mackinac in the thirties, are gratefully mentioned by the latter in his Personal Memoirs as a great encouragement. Bancroft was born in Worcester, Mass., in 1800; died in 1891.

BARAGA VIEW (54): A view point on east bluff overlooking the water.

Rt. Rev. Frederick Baraga, D. D., was born in Hanover in 1797. He was a member of the Austrian House of Hapsburg. As pastor of Mackinac, he has frequent entries in the parish register. Ordained in 1823, he wrote Rt. Rev. Bishop Fenwick of Cincinnati for admission into his Diocese, but the letter was lost. In April, 1830, he wrote

again. For answer he was pressingly invited to come as soon as possible. Father Baraga reached Cincinnati on January 18, 1831. In April of the same year he came to Arbre Croche. The Indians were delighted. His church, school and house were built by them. When it rained through the birch-bark roof, Father Baraga would spread his cloak over his books, open an umbrella over the bed to keep it dry, and remain in that part of the room where it leaked the least. No one is the author of more books in the Indian language. His Grammar and Dictionary, a History of the Indians, Catechisms, Prayer Books, Instructions, Bible History, etc., form a richer religious library for the Ottawas and Chippeways than any other tribes possessed. He spent a whole life among these Indians in Michigan. Father Baraga endeavoured to have mechanics come to instruct the Indians in the trades. Bishop Fenwick called him "The Crown of his Apostolic labours." During the winter, Father Baraga frequently journeyed a distance of thirty or forty miles, on snow shoes. He established a mission at Grand Rapids in 1833. A man of great activity and energy, he had extended his missions even beyond Lake Michigan, erecting chapels in various places. In 1853 Father Baraga was consecrated Bishop. The Indian missions in lower Michigan and Northern Wisconsin were ceded to him. Soon afterward he went to Europe to secure funds for his Diocese. While at Baltimore in 1866 he was stricken with apoplexy, from which he never fully recov ered. He died January 19, 1868. Bishop Baraga justly deserves to be called "The Apostle of the Northwest." Among the pioneer men of renown in the Peninsula, the name of Baraga deserves special remembrance.

BATTLE FIELD (95): Site of the Battle of Mackinac Is