from their home in Upper Canada, took refuge on Mackinac Island. When first known to the white man these powerful and warlike tribes dwelt in the region along the east shore of the great lake which bears their name. They were deadly enemies of the Iroquois, and hence allies of the French whom the Iroquois hated with a deadly hatred. The friendship of the French and the Hurons was never broken. Among the Hurons were established the first Jesuit missions. About 1650 the Iroquois triumphed in a terrible war of extermination over the Huron nation, the remnants of which fled terror-stricken to the Mackinac country and beyond. Famine and disease followed them. The Iroquois pursued them even to their remote hiding places. The Jesuit Fathers at the missions suffered the deaths of martyrs.

The bands of Hurons which had fled to Mackinac Island, threatened by the Iroquois, fled further, to the shores of Lake Superior, where Father Allouez found them in 1665. Others fled far into the interior, even to and beyond the Mississippi. The Lake Superior bands were threatened by the fierce Sioux, the "Iroquois of the North," in the time of Father Marquette, and fled again to Mackinac Island and vicinity, where Father Marquette established the Mission of St. Ignatius for them in 1671. Here they were ever the faithful friends of the French, and many are the heroic services performed by the greatest of their chiefs, Kondiaronk-called by the French Le Rat-in the interests of the French fur-traders and the missions. In 1701, when the commandant, Cadillac, withdrew to Detroit, many of them, fearing to be without the protection of the French troops, went to Detroit where their name is still perpetuated in the Huron River, and in Wyandotte, which is another

name for these tribes. Many of the Hurons later returned to Mackinac on the re-establishment of the fort at Old Mackinaw.

ILLINI ROUTE (34): View from the bluff's edge down Lake Michigan, near Coquart Brook. Named from the Illinois Indians, the same that have given their name to a State of the Union.

This was a name applied by the French to all the Indians southward of the Great Lakes on the Mississippi, because the first Indians who came to trade with the French from that region were the Illinois. The Jesuit Relations speak especially regarding the "good disposition and politeness of those people." They are the Indians most frequently mentioned by Fathers Allouez and Marquette in their explorations. Lake Michigan, as extending so far southward, was called by the early French, "The Lake of the Illinois," and appears so named on some of the early French maps. Father Dablon (1672) speaks of the "Lake called Mitchiganons, to which the Illinois have given their name." It was the desire to serve these people that led Father Marquette on his great voyage of discovery to the Mississippi.

INDIAN BURYING Ground (37): In use when Mackinac was the rendezvous of the Indians and fur-traders. It was held sacred by the various tribes.

INDIAN'S COUNCIL (8): A natural miniature park, circular in form and enclosed by an Arbor Vitae grove.

The Indians are said to have annually gathered here in council. Located at the west edge of Sinclair Grove, on the line of the trail from Cass Cliff to Fort Mackinac.

INDIAN FRYING PAN, Sinclair Grove (10): A depression in the ground overgrown with Arbor Vitae, forming the shape of a frying pan; according to Indian tradition the

A VIEW OF THE BUTTE DES MORTS TREATY GROUND

With the arrival of the Commissioners, Gov. Lewis Cass and Col. McKenney, in 1827 (This picture undoubtedly shows a correct representation of a "Mackinaw" Boat)

base or pan becomes very hot in the summer months. INDIAN PIPE TRAIL (163): A trail from Indian Village to Tranquil Lane. Indian pipe grows along this trail in great abundance at certain seasons of the year.

INDIAN ROAD (134): The road from Cadotte Avenue to Annex Road through Indian Village. One of the old roads on the Island.

INDIAN VILLAGE (Harrisonville) (132): Indian settlement in Private Claim named Harrisonville, after President William Henry Harrison. The descendants of some of the most noted Indian warriors still reside here.

JACKER POINT (182): Located at the west end of the Island, between Devil's Kitchen and Pontiac's Lookout.

It was named for Father Edward Jacker, one of the best known and best loved missionaries of the Mackinac country. He came to Mackinac Island as pastor in October, 1873, and first said Mass in the old court house west of the Astor House. For two years he held services in the Old Mission Church, while the new Catholic Church was being completed. In 1877 Father Jacker became pastor at St. Ignace, and it was in that year that he discovered the remains of his great predecessor, Father Marquette, on the site of the little chapel where they had been buried by Fathers Pierson and Nouvel two centuries before.

Previous to coming to the Island, Father Jacker had served as Vicar-General to Bishop Frederic Baraga, who died at Marquette in 1867. He was ordained by Bishop Baraga, and sent to the Indian mission at L'Anse in 1855. Father Jacker became familiar with the Chippewa language, the rudiments of which he learned under Bishop Baraga's guidance. He was much pleased during the latter part of his life to be permitted to go again among