the Indians he so dearly loved. Besides being master of several languages, he had a general knowledge of the grammatical construction of all languages, of which he even attempted an analysis in print.

Father Jacker was a very remarkable man. Money he never could keep, for he gave every cent to the poor and when he died not a penny was found among his effects. He was an eminent scholar in the Indian languages, especially in the language of the Ojibways, and published many researches of great value. Born at Würtemburg, in Swabia, Germany; died on the shores of Lake Superior, in 1887.

JACKSON RIDGE (104): Timbered ridge giving a view of the valley on the east, and of the forest and lake on the northwest.

The ridge was named for Lieutenant Hezekiah Jackson of the 24th Regiment, U. S. A., a brave officer at the head of his command, who died after the Battle of Mackinac Island, from the result of wounds received.

JAMESON FOUNTAIN (122): Mrs. Anna Brownell Murphy Jameson, the noted English author and critic, visited Mackinac in the year in which Michigan was admitted to the Union (1837). She has left, in her Winter Studies and Summer Rambles, delightful sketches of Mackinac Island and the Straits, as they were at that interesting period. Her husband, Robert Jameson, was at one time Speaker of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada. She came to Mackinac from their home in Toronto. While on the Island she stayed at the home of Henry R. Schoolcraft, then Indian Agent at Mackinac, to whose family she became greatly attached. Most delightful are her sketches of In

dian life at Mackinac. On leaving the Island she wrote to a friend:

"O, Mackinac! that fairy island, which I shall never see again, and which I would have dearly liked to filch from the Americans, and carry home in my dressing box, or per die, in my toothpick case."

In her books dealing with the old masters and the relig ious bearings of medieval art, few writers have done more to refine the public taste and diffuse sound canons of art criticism. Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1794; died at Ealing, Middlesex, England, in 1860.

JOGUES SLOPE (46): A view point on the east bluff above Carver Pond.

Father Isaac Jogues was one of the first two Jesuit missionaries to set foot on the soil of the Mackinac country. In 1641, he and Father Charles Raymbault preached to two thousand Ojibways assembled at the Sault. It was they who gave the name Sault Ste. Marie to the Rapids, in honour of their mission of St. Mary among the Hurons. The cruel martyrdom of Father Jogues among the Iroquois in 1646 is one of the saddest episodes in the annals of the missions.

Father Jogues was a native of Orleans, France, born in 1607. He was one of the first white men to visit Mackinac. After labouring several years among the Huron Indians, he established a Mission at Sault Ste. Marie, among the Algonquin tribes. With a party of Hurons he went to Quebec for supplies, and on returning fell into an ambuscade, was made a slave and treated with great cruelty. He was killed in New York by the Indians in 1646.

JOLIET VIEW (47): A lookout or view point on the cliff.

Louis Joliet was educated by the Jesuits for the priesthood, but abandoned the design, and going west engaged in the fur-trade. He was a companion of Father Marquette in the discovery of the Mississippi River, June 17, 1673, at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. The winter before, Dec. 8, 1672, he arrived at Michilimackinac (St. Ignace), where he and Marquette spent the remainder of that winter gathering all the information they could about the new country into which they were to adventure. The Indians at Mackinac aided them, and a map of the region was drawn, later revised by Marquette. They went as far south as the vicinity of the Arkansas River, and ascertained that the Mississippi empties, not into the Sea of California as supposed, but into the Gulf of Mexico. On his way back to Quebec, Joliet, who was the official leader of the expedi tion, lost all his papers of the expedition by the over-turning of his canoe in the St. Lawrence. Later the French Government rejected the plans urged by him for developing the Mississippi Valley. Joliet had been present, in 1671, at Sault Ste Marie, when St. Lusson formally took possession of the Mackinac country and beyond for the French He was born in Quebec, in 1645; it is said he died in poverty, about 1700.

crown.

JULIA POINT (85): Projection of land into the lake. Sister Julia was a Catholic nun, of the Sisters of St. Joseph, who visited Mackinac and instructed the Indian children. She became famous at La Pointe on account of the Indian Agent's endeavours to close the school. The Indians revolted when they heard of the Sister's being ejected, and the agent became so frightened that he gladly agreed to permit her to continue her school.

JUNIPER TRAIL (190): Trail from Sugar Loaf to

Crooked Tree Drive. This locality abounds in a luxuriant growth of Juniper shrubs.

LA HONTAN HILL (68): A considerable elevation above surrounding land.

Named for Armand Louis de Delondarce de La Hontan, better known as Baron La Hontan. He was in the Mackinac country and at Michilimackinac (St. Ignace) in 1688. Shortly before this, because of his knowledge of the Indian language and his skill in forest diplomacy, he was sent as a commander of troops to the Great Lakes region, in company with Du Lhut, and built Fort St. Joseph at the foot of Lake Huron, near the present site of the city of Port Huron. Here La Durantaye, commandant at Michilimackinac, sweeping down in 1687 with birch-bark canoe loads of Mackinac Indians, took possession of the whole surrounding country for France. It was from this post that La Hontan went to Mackinac in 1688 "to buy up corn for the Hurons and the Outaouacs," as he writes. His New Voyages was published in French at The Hague in 1703. He was the author of a map showing the French and Indian villages, and the Jesuit establishments as they were in 1688. Born in the village of Lahontan, in southern France, about 1667; died in Hanover in 1715.

LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD, or Boulevard Drive (174): Driveway extending along the shore, completely encircling the Island, it is a drive which cannot be excelled for novelty, variety and scenic effect. In some particulars it resembles the famous Riverside Drive in New York.

LANGLADE CRAIG (197): A projecting craig above Hennepin Point, being about forty feet high and of broken lime

stone.

Charles Michel Langlade was born at Old Mackinaw, in

May, 1729. It is said that at the age of ten, he accompanied troops. He was a cadet at twenty-one. Until 1764 his usual residence was at Old Mackinaw. At the outbreak of the French and Indian War, he was made an ensign on half pay, and campaigned against Braddock. In 1757 Langlade was appointed second in command of Fort Michilimackinac, and appears to have remained there until the spring of 1759, when he served in the Quebec campaign. His abilities gained for him the rank of Lieutenant on half pay, his commission being signed by King Louis XV at Versailles; it is preserved in the archives of Wisconsin. He also participated in the defence of Montreal in 1760, and was sent back to Mackinaw five days before its surrender. He was in command of Mackinaw after the departure of Beaujeau, and finally surrendered the Fort September 28, 1761, to the English under Capt. Henry Balfour of the 80th Regiment, and Lieut. Wm. Leslie.

During the next year and a half Langlade remained quietly in Old Mackinaw, probably making trading voyages to the interior posts, among them La Pointe (Green Bay). In April, 1763, he intended to remove his family to Green Bay, but before the project was consummated, the conspiracy of Pontiac broke out, and Mackinaw was captured by the Indians, June 4, 1763. He preserved the lives of the officers and part of the garrison, secured the neutrality of the turbulent nations, and finally stayed the outbreak. Upon Etherington's departure for Montreal, he placed the command of the fort once more in the hands of Langlade, who retained it until September, 1764, when Capt. Howard reëstablished British authority. During the autumn of 1764 or in 1765, he made his permanent residence at Green Bay.