66 as much as ever he did, and the cost of buying and keeping or hiring horses has doubled in the country - price, food, and wages taken together - and very nearly tripled in the metropolis. In 1815 a man in London with £1,000 a year could keep a carriage of some sort, while if he tried it now, he would find it cost him nearly double his rent; and the increase in the country, though not so oppressive, is still very great. It is the same with dress. Print dresses are as cheap as ever they were, but if women wearing print dresses cannot now associate with their equals without mortification, and still more if they cannot associate at all, then the price of association has risen, and with it the cost of living. Society " is one of the articles to be paid for, and its price has gone up fifty per cent. We admit that it is not, rigorously speaking, a necessity, like meat or education, but still it is so nearly one-it is so clearly a constituent part of "living" that all but the most rigid economists will account it one. "Living," in the essayist's sense, is not merely keeping alive. We say nothing of the new mode of entertaining, or of the higher expectations all acquaintances form-for entertaining can be done cheaply, and selfish acquaintances can be dropped-and confine ourselves to requirements which may be fairly called necessaries. And one of those, we take it, is, after all, a certain equality in refinement among close friends; and that equality, in the face of the general rise in average incomes which the Cornhill frankly admits, is, of all necessities, the one which costs most money. From The Academy. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1762. There is also an English translation, from which the following is printed. It seems to be an account by some Spanish official of what actually took place, and it differs in some respects from the account given of the revolution in the “Annual Register" for that year : the morning, the empress arrived here incogOn the 9th July (28th June) at about eight in nito, in a chaise drawn by two horses, accompanied by two subaltern officers and a female attendant, from the town of Peterhoff, where 'tis said she had been confined in her palace since the night of the 7th, whence she escaped by a window; she stopped at the quarters of the regiment of Ismaolefski Guards, of which the Hetman is colonel, thence she went to those of Preobrasinski, then to the regiment colonel, afterwards to the corps of artillery, of horse-guards, of which Prince George is and then in succession to the rest of the troops. She convoked the synod and ecclesiastical body, with other persons of distinction, and in the church of Casan, which is the prin cipal one, everything necessary was prepared for her Majesty to take the usual oaths. This church is in the street in which I re side; such sudden and important events and their novelty caused a confusion not to be described. About nine or ten in the morning, I observed an extraordinary uproar and noise; waiting the event, I saw the regiment of horseguards, hurrying without order towards the Summer Palace, which is in front of my house, and is the residence of the Grand Duke Paulo Petrowitz. They surrounded the troop assem bled to relieve guard there; this was done so quickly that they overturned each other, many men and horses fell down and were run over; most of the men were uncombed, others half same haste they entered the palace, and not dressed, and many without hats. finding room through the gate, they tore away the garden fences, which were of wood, entered, and surrounded the palace. With the At the same time, and with the same haste, the foot-guards passed by my house and the adjoining streets, followed by some ammunition-waggons; the men were all uncombed, some without hats, hair in disorder, without THEODOR VON LUDERS was the Rus- but all had muskets, bayonets, sabres, and shoes or gaiters, and some without uniform; sian chargé d'affaires at the English court cartouch-boxes; many loaded on their way; during the reigns of Peter III. and Cath-others to save time seized on the carts and erine II. Some of his papers recently waggons of the peasants which they found in came into my hands, and on looking over the streets, and got into them; all appeared them I found the following account of in high spirits, and proceeded towards the the Russian revolution in June 1762, Stone Palace; a great number of workmen, in which Peter was deposed. The origi- mechanics, and peasants, armed with axes, also nal is in Spanish, and is entitled "Rela-assembled themselves about the church of cion de la Revolucion de Rusia sucedida Casan and the palace. en el dia 9 (28) de Julio (Junio) de 1762 y Siguientes en que fue destronado el Emperador Pedro terzero por su esposa la Emperatriz que subio al trono con el nombre de Cathalina Segunda." berlin and four badly-caparisoned horses, Whilst the guards were doing this, an old with two postilions, and a servant in leadcoloured liveries, apparently belonging to some officer, came out of the garden gate of the Summer Palace, at about half past ten But it was afterwards withdrawn to go to Oraniemboon where the deposed emperor had retired with the IIolsteiners and some other troops which had joined him. o'clock, surrounded by five hundred horse- leading to it; a battery of twelve guns was guards commanded by Colonel Melesins, lieu-placed in the square, not far from the Summer tenant-colonel of the bombardiers of artillery. Palace opposite my house, to command the In the berlin was the Grand Duke in a cap avenues to the road from Moscow. and undress, accompanied by his tutor, General Panin, and by the chamberlain Teploff, | who conducted him to the church of Casan, where the empress was waiting for him; after the oaths had been taken, they went out in an old coach, drawn by two bad white horses. Her Imperial Majesty and his Highness were accompanied by Count Rozamusky, Hetman of the Ukraine, the director-general of artillery Villebois, and some others. Between 9 and 10 at night the empress mounted on horseback, dressed as a man, in the uniform of her guards, wearing the ribbon of the order of St. Andrew, and heading her troops on their march towards Oraniemboon. In this manner the empress and her son The manifesto published sets forth, that the arrived at the new Stone Palace. In the great empress ascended the throne at the invitation square in front the foot and horse guards were of the people, and deposed the emperor for drawn up. The empress was acknowledged despising religion, for the dangerous innovasovereign of all the Russias, and the Grandtions he wished to make, and for the shameful Duke as her successor, by the generals and peace he had just concluded with the bitterest other great officers of state in the accustomed enemy of the nation, Prussia, despising and manner and with the usual ceremonies. sacrificing the glory acquired by its arms, and for totally changing the state contrary to its constitution, good customs, uses, and common weal. Leaving the palace, they then presented themselves to the troops, were joyfully proclaimed, acknowledged, and sworn to in due form - which was followed by reiterated vivas The ascent of the empress to the throne and acclamations from the people. In the was notified to the foreign ministers the same mean time, at about 12 o'clock, a regiment of night. It is said by some that between 9 cuirassiers, completely clothed and armed but and 10 o'clock on this very night the empress without gurupas (cruppers), passed at a quick was to have been carried from Peterhoff, pace from its quarters, through the Perspec- where she was confined, to a convent, and that tive street in front of my house, towards the her son, the Grand Duke Paulo Petrowitz, palace square, to perform the same ceremony, who had remained in the Summer Palace of and at half past 12 o'clock a piquet of the this city, was to have shared the same fate. same regiment returned for its standards That in the morning the emperor would have which were in the Summer Palace, whence repudiated her, and at the same time taken they carried them to the new Stone Palace: the Camerfraulen (lady of the bedchamber) and the same was done by all the others. Te Isabella (Elizabeth) Countess Woronzou for Deum was then sung in the chapel of the his wife and empress. The chief promoters palace, and the empress and her son con- of the revolution were Count Rozamusky, ducted in a rich carriage to the Winter Palace, Hetman of Ukrania, General Villebois, comwhere they remained the greater part of the mandant of artillery, Prince Wolkousky, who day exposed to publick view, seated in a win-concluded the armistice on the 16th March of dow looking to one of the principal streets. As yet nothing unfortunate has occurred, both army and people manifesting the utmost pleasure and even in the countenances of the poorest peasants there appeared satisfaction. The empress harangued the troops, nobles, and people, promising them a peaceful reign resembling that of the Empress Isabel. Prince George of Holstein was arrested by an officer of his own regiment, in defending himself he was wounded; and was afterwards placed in a calash, surrounded by soldiers, and secured in one of the rooms of the palace, whence he was taken to his own house under a strong guard, which remained there. With the present year with the king of Prussia, the The plot began to be known by the treachery of a soldier, and upon his information on the part of the czar, there was order given to exThe same fate befell the Prince of Hol-amine one of the chief confidents of the emstein-Beek, governor-general of Petersbourg, press, an officer of the guards named Passicoff. and 'tis said some others. The lieut.-general This circumstance, and the moment being of police Baron Corf upon being arrested im- most favourable from the circumstance of the mediately joined the new party, and the em-troops being well disposed (the first battalions press returned him his sword with her own hands. The necessary precautions in cases of a similar nature were now taken; the palace was filled with troops and artillery, and the streets being ordered to join the army, which they 10th July (29th June). It was known this evening that the empress had remained in Krasnakabak till four in the morning, and thence went to Strelna Muica, whence she sent a body of troops to seize on the person of the deposed czar: upon its arrival the greatest part of the Russians abandoned him and joined her troops. He seeing himself without resource took the opinions of the principal persons of his party who had remained with him, amongst whom was FieldMarshal Count Munich, and it was decided that he had no choice left but to submit his fate to the mercy of his enemy, which would then be less severe. This he acceded to, asking for life, a pension, and liberty to retire to Holstein with the Countess Elizabeth (Isabel). He acknowledged the empress as his sovereign, and sent her his sword; to this some particulars are added, which at present it is not easy to relate. Peterhoff towards Petersbourg. Four or five wursts make one of our leagues. 11th July (30th June). This morning the empress returned in triumph to the city, which she entered on horseback, preceded by the cavalry and followed by the infantry; at about 12 she arrived at her spring palace, which, as I have before said, is opposite my house. On the staircase, all the court waited for her, a general kissing of hands took place; Te Deum was sung in the chapel, and her Majesty retired to her chamber. Some par ticular circumstances have come to light. The deposed czar embarked in a galley, and presented herself before Cronstadt, but it was of no avail; he was threatened and obliged to withdraw; finding himself abandoned, he saw himself under the necessity of renouncing his rights and surrendering himself. At 11 o'clock on the night of the 11th he was conducted to the fortress of Petersbourg. It is not certain that the empress was ar but this was to have taken place on the 9th. General Count Viere was arrested at Cronstadt, where he went on the part of the em-rested on the night of the 7th at Peterhoff, peror to gain the fleet and port to his side, but the Admiral Falitzin arrived at the same time with the orders of the empress, which were obeyed. Cronstadt is an island opposite Oranienboon at about half an hour's sail from it. We have heard the cannon of Peterhoff; 'tis said to be a salute in honour of the day. The empress is now there. To-morrow morning, when there will be less confusion, you shall know the measures which this unfortunate czar designed to take, the letters he wrote to the empress, together with this heroic sovereign's first proceedings, and other various circumstances. The empress in her manifesto states The declaring herself colonel of the regi-that the czar begged her to allow him to ment of horse-guards, appointing Prince Wolkonski her lieutenant-colonel, and the recall of Count Bestucheff Rurain (formerly chancellor) from banishment, are her first acts. The foreign ministers and all the court had been invited yesterday to Peterhoff, there to remain until the 11th, for the ceremonial of the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, in conse quence of which the deposed czar at that time, ignorant of what passed in the capital, came from Oraniemboon to Peterhoff between 11 and 12, with the greatest part of his court: finding the empress was not there, he began to take precautions, although uncertain of what would happen; he sent orders to St. Petersburg, but as the bearers arrived in the city they either joined the new party, or were taken to the fortress or other places of security; finding himself without resource, he returned to Orani emboon, assembled his few remaining troops, did as has been related, and intrenched himself. withdraw to Holstein with Elizabeth Worontzoff Gowdowich. This lady, the czar's mistress, to whom allusion is made was about to marry when he had got rid in the above account as the person Peter of Catherine, seems ultimately to have been treated by the empress with greater leniency than might have been expected, for among M. Luders' papers I find a letter from Count A. Woronzoff to him, enclosing a copy of the following letter from the empress: M. Le Cte Worontzow vous ne vous étes point trompé en croyant, que je n'avois point changé de Sentims pour vous. Je lis avec plaisir vos rélations & j'espere que vous continuerés la conduite louable que vous avés eue jusq'ici Vous devés être rassuré sur le sort de votre Famille, sur laquelle, j'ai v toutes vos inquietudes. Je suis fachée d'avoir To understand these movements you must été obligée de vous les donner. Je changerai know that the distances from Petersburg to en mieux la situation de votre Soeur La Comthe above-mentioned places are to Peterhofftesse Elisabeth, le plutôt possible. Je vous thirty versts (wursts), to Oraniemboon ten remercie du Livre, que vous m'avés envoye & wursts, and something more: to Krasmakbac, je serai toujours votre tres affectionée which is an inn, nine wursts, and Strelna Muica, the royal fortress, is seven wursts from à Sa P ce 13 aôut, 1762. CATHERINE J. W. WILLIS Bund. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY 387 402 408 418 425 439 444 446 447 386 448 TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. For EIGHT DOLLARS, remitted directly to the Publishers, the LIVING AGE will be punctually forwarded for a year, free of postage. An extra copy of THE LIVING AGE is sent gratis to any one getting up a club of Five New Subscribers. Remittances should be made by bank draft or check, or by post-office money-order, if possible. If neither of these can be procured, the money should be sent in a registered letter. All postmasters are obliged to register letters when requested to do so. Drafts, checks and money-orders should be made payable to the order of LITTELL & GAY. And orchard walls where blushing fruits are rip'ning in the sun. Full in the sunlight golden still stands the dial olden, and With the dainty blooms around it, above, the laughing day; But there the shadows linger, where time's effacing finger O'er each sunny moment passeth, and beareth it away. Where are the autumn rambles, through the mellow-fruited brambles, The nuttings in the dim woods, and, the fairy tale and rhyme To which our hushed hearts listened, while the wintry casement glistened 'Midst the hoarfrost and the starlight in that 66 once upon a time"? Till through our childish dreaming swept elfin glories gleaming, And we wandered 'mid green woodlands all aglow with flowery store; Where a little loitering maiden, scarlet hooded, blossom-laden, With her small feet traced the mossy paths — returning nevermore. Ye plots of blushing flowers, ye fragrancebreathing bowers, And the blackbird's joyous carol, under skies of softest blue: Care is the dreary warden of life's enchanted garden, And the bitter herbs that grow therein, sad rosemary and rue. JUST a few days! Ah, such a few Just a few days! The wooing breeze Just a few days! And to-night I stood AFTER. A LITTLE time for laughter, A little time to kiss and cling, A little while for scheming Love's unperfected schemes; A little time for golden dreams; Then no more any dreaming. A little while 'twas given To me to have thy love: Now, like a ghost, alone I move About a ruined heaven. A little time for speaking Things sweet to say and hear; A time to seek, and find thee near; Then no more any seeking. A little time for saying Words the heart breaks to say; A short sharp time wherein to pray; But long long years to weep in, PHILIP BOURKE MarsTON. |