BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

It would be regarded as an inexcusable omission, in even a brief sketch of Indiana University, were some notice not given to personal - mention of some of the distinguished teachers whose names were long identified with the usefulness and growth of the university, and to whose services the State is very greatly indebted. The history of education in any State is the history of the thought and work of her great educators. Indiana has had in her university a number of gifted teachers, who have stamped their thought and influence on the life of the State by the way in which they have shaped and directed the lives of men of eminence and influence in various walks and professions. The older alumni of Indiana University will recall a group of Christian scholars who gave reputation and dignity to the university a generation ago, whose names will always be regarded by the students who knew them as part of the glories of the past.

We have already made mention of the first president, Dr. Andrew Wylie. Dr. Wylie was born in Fayette County, Pa., April 12, 1789. He was of Scotch-Irish parentage, his father having come from County Antrim, Ireland. His early education was such as he received at the common school. He graduated with the honors of his class at Jefferson College, Cannonsburgh, Pa., and in his twenty-third year, and within a few years after graduation, he was honored by being elected to the presidency of his alma mater. In 1817 he resigned the presidency of Jefferson College to accept the presidency of Washington College, in the hope that the two institutions might be united. From the troubles attending the attempt at union, Dr. Wylie was led to resign his position, to leave Pennsylvania and accept the presidency of Indiana College. This was in 1828. There he lived and worked until his death, in 1851. Among the resolutions of the board of trustees, on the occasion of his death, we find the following:

Resolved, That a just regard to the memory of the first president of our university, who has labored so long and earnestly to build up an institution of learning worthy of our State, imposes new and greatly increased responsibilities upon all connected with the university; and that the best and most permanent monument to his name is the Indiana University, made such as he for a series of years was striving to make it-the pride and ornament of Indiana.

Judge David McDonald, professor of law in the university, in some remarks to his class at the time of Dr. Wylie's death, made use of the following language: "Andrew Wylie was a man of truth. He was so not merely because of his views of policy, but because he loved the truth. In thought, in word, in action, he was truthful; and no man during a long life ever pursued the truth with more unwearied search through all the fields of learning and science." These quotations may serve to indicate the estimate of acquaintances and students of Dr. Wylie's character and ability. Dr. Wylie's publications were not numerous. A small work, entitled "Sectarianism is Heresy," was

noticed favorably by the Boston Dial, but criticised unfavorably, while its ability was admitted, by the Princeton Review. These, together with a large number of baccalaureate addresses, sermons, and some translations from Plato, were all the writings ever printed from his pen. He was a man of active life, a practical teacher, and while he was a thorough scholar, his aspirations or inclinations did not lead him toward authorship. Governor Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, who graduated under Dr. Wylie's presidency in Jefferson College, said of him: "I proudly boast that he was the best moral philosopher, metaphysician, and Greek linguist whom, as far as my knowledge extends, this country has produced." The late Dr. Robert Baird testified: "It can not be questioned that he was one of the best educated men of his country. He was thoroughly versed in history, was an able logician. and metaphysician, and in classical learning his knowledge was great and extensive." Dr. Wylie's address at Wabash College, July, 1838, on "The Retention of Greek and Latin in the College Curriculum," attracted attention from classical scholars throughout the country. His "Eulogy on Lafayette," delivered in Bloomington, elicited a letter of praise from Daniel Webster and other men of national reputation. The students of Dr. Wylie were charged with regarding their president with inconsiderate and enthusiastic "idolatry." It is evident that President Wylie has left behind him the traces and indications of a a great man.

Dr. Cyrus Nutt came to the presidency in 1860. At that time the faculty consisted of seven professors, including the president-Elisha Ballantine, T. A. Wylie, James Woodburn, Judge Bryant, professor of law. Professors Hibben and Marquis had lately been elected to the chairs of English literature and modern languages. During the fifteen years of Dr. Nutt's service he labored constantly, with great self-sacrifice and devotion, in popularizing the university throughout the State, and in removing sectarian suspicion and opposition. Cyrus Nutt was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, in 1814. He was educated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., where he graduated in 1831. He was immediately made principal of the preparatory department of his alma mater, and was soon called from there to a similar position in Indiana Asbury College, Greencastle. He became professor of languages in that institution in 1837, and retained this chair until 1843, when he retired for pastoral work in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which church he had been for some time a leading minister. In 1849 he became president of Fort Wayne Female College, and again in 1857 he was recalled to Asbury. He labored at a time when from an educational point of view Indiana was virgin soil, and he lived long enough to see and to reap great fruits from his laborious sowing.

Dr. Theophilus Adam Wylie, a coworker with Nutt, a contemporary but not a relative of the elder Wylie, retired but a few years ago from active teaching in the university after a half-century of faithful and 12524-No. 10-7

acceptable service. He is now, at the age of eighty, professor emeritus of physics and astronomy. Professor Wylie graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1830, in his twentieth year. He was born in Philadelphia in 1810. He came to Indiana in 1837 as professor of natural philosophy and chemistry. With the exception of one year's absence, in 1852, during which he occupied a professorship in Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, he served the Indiana University continuously until his retirement, in 1886, a period of forty-nine years. Dr. Wylie has the characteristics of the modest and retiring scholar, and is remembered by the generations of students who have been under his care as a helpful and thorough teacher. Passing with the university through various calamities and changes, he has been called upon for services of various kinds, and he is one of the few versatile men of his day who had the attainments to enable him to teach whatever the curriculum required. Professor Wylie was, until recently, a minister in the Reformed Presbyterian (Covenanter) Church, and was a personal friend of his fellow-churchman, the distinguished philanthropist, Hon. George H. Stuart, of Philadelphia. No one has rendered better or more faithful service to the cause of education in the State of Indiana than this venerable scholar, who, without seeking honor or preferment, has found the highest honor in the recognition of the thousands of students whom he has benefited.

Another of these classical scholars was Elisha Ballantine, who gave his life and his talents to the cause of the church and Christian education. Professor Ballantine was born at Schodack-on-the-Hudson, N. Y., October 11, 1809. He graduated from the Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, in 1828, and afterwards studied at Union Theological Seminary, in Virginia, and at Halle and Leipsic, in Germany. He was professor of Hebrew and Greek in Union Theological Seminary from 1831 to 1837, and professor of languages in Ohio University from 1838 to 1840. From 1840 to 1852 he was engaged in the ministry of the Presbyterian Church, being pastor of the First Church, Washington, D. C., for four years. He came to Indiana University in 1854 as professor of mathematics, but was soon transferred to the chair of languages. In 1863 he resigned his professorship to accept the secretaryship of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, and in 1866 was called to the chair of Hebrew in the Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. He returned to the Indiana University in 1867 as professor of Greek, and continued in service until his final retirement, in 1878. He died suddenly, at his home in Bloomington, March 31, 1886, after a service of more than fifty years in the ministry and as an educator.

Professor Ballantine was recognized by all who knew him as a scholar and a teacher. Dignified, direct, simple, and sincere, he was without dissembling and flattery. Benevolent and kind, he was beloved by all with whom he came in contact, and was respected by

all classes and denominations of men. As a scholar and a literary man, Professor Ballantine occupied the first rank. He had a thorough knowledge of Latin and Greek, was an excellent Hebrew scholar, and was conversant with other Semitic languages, and had ready use of the German and French tongues. He was the father of President William G. Ballantine, of Oberlin College, who received from his father's tutelage his first scholarly instincts and impressions.

Daniel Kirkwood is another distinguished name whose services have given luster to the last generation of Indiana University. Only those who have known him personally will understand with what honor his name should be uttered. His work in applied mathematics, especially in astronomy, made his name known a generation ago among scholarly men throughout the world. Herschel and Proctor and Loomis were his friends, correspondents, and admirers, and his name was better known. on the continent of Europe than in some parts of Indiana. Dr. Kirkwood first published in 1839 his "Analogy in the Periods of Rotation of the Primary Planets," in Silliman's Journal of Science. This analogy, derived from La Place's nebular theory, was first brought to the attention of Prof. Sears C. Walker in a private letter from young Kirkwood, who was at that time principal of the Pottsville Academy, in Pennsylvania, and upon its publication it attracted much attention both in Europe and America. Professor Kirkwood came to Indiaua as professor of mathematics in Indiana University in 1856, and he continued to occupy this position until his retirement as emeritus professor in 1886, with the exception of two years during which he was professor of mathematics in Jefferson College, Cannonsburgh, Pa. Professor Kirkwood published a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Astronomical Society of London which first indicated the cause of the intervals between Saturn's rings.

Numerous papers from his pen have won him distinction among scientific men. A "Treatise on Comets and Meteors," published by Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; "Kirkwood's Analogy," already noticed; "On the Nebular Hypothesis," in Silliman's Journal, 1860; "On the Formation and Primitive Condition of the Solar System," published in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, are a few of the many original papers which he has produced. He is also the author of the articles on astronomy in the annual supplements of Appleton's Cyclopedia. Dr. Kirkwood is still living, in retirement, and in good health, at Riverside, Cal. He was born in Harford County, Md., in 1814. He spent the best years of his life to promote the cause of higher education in Indiana. His services to the State have been of the kind which seldom receive their due recognition and meed of praise until the lapse of years. While a generation may seem unappreciative, republics do not continue always ungrateful in their bestowal of honor. Dr. Kirkwood will receive the highest honor of the teacher, the reward most acceptable to the modest scholar-his work in the years to come

will receive the recognition which it deserves and his name will live in the history of Indiana as one of the great men of his day and generation.

Another name deservedly associated with Wylie, Ballantine, and Kirkwood is that of Richard Owen, who was professor of the natural sciences and chemistry in the Indiana University for nearly thirty years. Professor Owen was born in New Lanark, Scotland, in 1810. He was a son of the distinguished socialist and philanthropist, Robert Owen, and a brother of the famous statesman and diplomatist, Robert Dale Owen. He came with his father from Scotland to the New Harmony communal settlement in 1827. He served as captain of a company during the Mexican war, and at the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861 he was commissioned by Governor Morton as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifteenth Indiana Volunteers. His military service extended for two years, when, in 1863, he came to Indiana University as professor of natural philosophy and chemistry. Before the war Colonel Owen had been a teacher of the natural sciences in the Western Military Institute of Kentucky, before which time he acted as an assistant to his brother, David Dale Owen, in making a United States geological survey of Minnesota. In 1859-60 he made also a geological survey of Indiana, serving during the latter of these years as State geologist. Dr. Owen was an explorer and traveler, and an intelligent and quick observer. He was regarded by the students in his classes as a "professor of general information," for he had a good experimental knowledge of all lands and peoples, aud in conversation or class room he was a clever and delightful talker. He was a constant contributor to literary and scientific journals, and until the day of his death he was a devoted and enthusiastic student and investigator in certain lines of the natural sciences. In 1887, ten years after his retirement from the university, at the age of seventy-seven, he contested for a high prize offered by the King of Belgium for the best method for the teaching of geography and the presentation of maps. He was one of the few who, missing the prize, received honorable mention from the Royal Academy. Dr. Owen died March 25, 1890, at his home in New Harmony, Ind., from the effects of poison taken accidentally. His name is one of the best known in Indiana educational history and his services to science were of a high order. The Owen cabinet came to the Indiana University through his influence, and one of the present buildings is named in his honor.

Among this group of scholars there were others whose lives deserve to be sketched, where their names can only be mentioned. Col. James Thompson, an honored graduate of West Point, a soldierly scholar, brought a healthful spirit of discipline and training into the university during several years of service as professor of engineering and military tactics; Hermann B. Boisen, professor of modern languages during the seventies, a mental enthusiast and a surprising genius, was a teacher with a soul all instinct with tuition, with class in hand the