the mouth of the peaceable animal. The same difference will be seen by comparing the mouths of ferocious and of peaceable men. Observe the manner in which the rat, the squirrel, or the beaver draw up the muscles of the mouth towards the nose, so as to expose the upper front teeth;-you will see the same expression in the extreme miser. Observe the manner in which the proud horse, or dog, or peacock, elevates his head, when he assumes superiority;—you may see the same among men. Listen also to the hoarse voice of the destructive animal; or the sudden, loud barking of the combative animal; and you may hear the same kind of sound from the man who is similarly excited.

But one of the most striking and yet unaccountable facts in natural language, is, that the head moves in the direction of the organ which is excited; for instance, if an organ in the side of the head is excited, the head moves from side to side. If the organ is in the back of the head, it moves backward;—if in the upper back, 7th for instance, the head moves up and down, decidedly;—if in the upper front, 12th for example, the head is thrown upward. In reflection it is thrown forward;-in VI and VII it is moved alternately from side to side, in the direction of the organ. In all these movements, the muscles of the face harmonize; moving upwards when the higher powers are excited, and downwards when the lower are active. The tone of voice, is also in harmony-the lower powers being generally accompanied with low, and the higher with high tones. It is impossible in any written description, to do justice to this subject, but it enables a lecturer, who has large 11th, 6th and X, to amuse and instruct a popular audience, by representing the different manifestations of each propensity; and I have often seen skeptics convinced of the truth of phrenology, by a single lecture on Phreno-Physiognomy and Natural Language.

It is now easy to understand the principles upon which physiognomy is founded; and we can also perceive, that before the discovery of Phrenology, it was impossible to reduce Physiognomy to a science. The efforts of Aristotle, of Theophrastus, of Lavater, and of Camper, were confined to the observation of the external features, while they were entirely ignorant of the functions of the brain--the great fountain of volition. Instead, however, of joining with some phrenologians, in speaking contemptuously of their labors, I acknowledge that I find astonishing instances, in their works, of approximation to phrenological truth. I consider Physiognomy as an important and highly interesting branch of Phrenology; and it was my original intention to publish a separate volume on this subject; but the circumstance, that some of my pupils have manifested a disposìtion to make an unjust appropriation of these ideas, induces me to crowd an imperfect sketch of them into this volume.

ORGANS AT DIFFERENT AGES.

The form and size of the organs, both of the head and body, are continually changing; and some organs are largest and most active at certain ages.

In CHILDHOOD, the most active organs among the Ipseals, are II, III, IV, VII, and X. Socials, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 12th. Intellectuals, 1, 3, 7, 11, and the Perceptives generally.

In YOUTH-Ipseals, I, V, XI and XII. Socials, 1st becomes developed, and produces a change in the whole character, by its influence upon the other powers. Intellectuals, Perceptives generally, and 14.

In MANHOOD-Ipseals generally. Socials, 2d, 3d, 5th and 7th. Intellectuals, the Reflectives.

In OLD AGE-Ipseals, VI, VII, and IX. Socials, 2d and 7th. Intellectuals, Reflectives grow large and the Perceptives small.

There is also a change of temperament. The Digestive and Arterial Systems predominate in childhood, the Muscular and Arterial, in youth, and manhood; and the Osseous and Venous in old age.

The organs in childhood and youth are more yielding, pliable, and elastic. But in old age they are brittle, hard, and inelastic; with a smaller proportion of the liquid elements to the solids.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SEXES.

The cerebral organization which would constitute a perfect female, would be very imperfect if possessed by a male, and visa versa. It is universally admitted, that men and women differ in certain traits; and the phrenologian finds a corresponding difference in their developements of brain. The following is the result of my observations on this subject:

ORGANS LARGEST IN WOMEN.

Intellect-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13.
Ipseals-VI, VII, XI, XII.

Socials-2d, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th.

ORGANS LARGEST IN MEN.

Intellect 6, 9, 10, 14, 15.

Ipseals-I, II, III, IV, V, X.

Socials-1st, 3d, 5th, 7th.

Some of the organs are omitted, because I have not yet satisfied myself which sex has them largest. There are also differences in temperament, and I think the following will be found generally correct:

Men have larger heads and bodies than women; but I am not satisfied whether men have larger heads than women in proportion to their bodies.

RESEMBLANCE TO PARENTS.

I have lately discovered a method by which to ascertain, with tolerable accuracy, which parent an individual most resembles. My attention was first directed to this subject by the fact that great men seldom have sons equal to themselves in talent and energy; and also the well known fact that eminent men generally resemble their mothers. The result of all my observations on this interesting point may be comprised in the following propositions:

1. Those men who have many of the peculiarities of the female developed in a greater degree than ordinary, generally resemble the mother; and those men, on the contrary, who have many of the peculiarities of the male, and are deficient in those that belong to the female, resemble the father.

2. A man who resembles his father, and does not resemble his mother, (health and every thing else equal) is smaller than his father in stature, and has a smaller head. But a man who resembles his mother, and not his father, is frequently taller than his father, and has a larger head. If a man and his wife are both of the ordinary size and proportion, or of such size and proportion as to be proper mates, then their sons that resemble the mother will be the largest― will have the largest heads--the most social dispositions—the greatest fondness for the fine arts, poetry, and romance-the best memories, and the greatest fondness for reading.

3. A woman who resembles her mother, and not her father, is (all else equal) inferior to her mother in size of head and body, and in energy of character: but a woman who resembles her father, is frequently superior, in size and in energy, to her mother.

4 Men who resemble the mother, generally resemble the maternal grandfather; and sometimes the resemblance is even greater to the grandfather, than to either father or mother. Daughters that resemble the father, generally resemble the paternal grandmother.

5. A child may resemble both parents; but the qualities derived from one, may greatly preponderate over those derived from the other; and sometimes one part of the head will bear evidence of being derived from the father, and another from the mother; sometimes, for instance, it is evident that the forehead is derived from the father, and the hind-head from the mother, or the contra. Sometimes the upper front will be evidently derived from the father and the lower from the mother. The qualities of both parents will occasionally be so blended, as to baffle all attempts to judge which parent's likeness predominates; but in most cases, by application of the rules concerning the difference. in the sexes, I can easily determine which part of the