ASSESSED VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE FROM 1840 To 1845.

Real Estate.

Personal Estate
Amount.

$662,300

879,986

747,436

724,950

831,250

Retail stores...... 120 | Groceries...... 51 | Inns or Taverns...... 18 NEWBURGH STEAM MILLS. Among the several modes of investment to which the capitalists of Newburgh have directed their attention of late, none are, perhaps, more deserving of consideration than that of manufactures. The experiment of the Newburgh Steam Mills for the manufacture of printing cloths and shirtings has already satisfactorily proved that the temporary check which the commercial prosperity of the village has sustained may be amply compensated by this new field of enterprise. So far as our observation has extended, this establishment may be brought into competition with the oldest and most respectable in New England, as well in regard to the perfection of its machinery, as the texture of its fabrics, and the system which prevails throughout its management.

The building, which is 253 feet by 51, and 4 stories high, was erected by a Joint Stock Company in 1844. The major portion of the machinery was constructed by the Matteawan Company of Fishkill, and consists of 9,400 spindles, 256 looms, 32 cards, 4 drawing frames, 4 slubbing frames, 6 fly frames, 10 spoolers, 4 warpers, and 6 dressing frames. The steam

engine was made at the Allaire Works of New York. It was designed by Mr. Erastus Washington Smith, and ranks among the most perfect specimens of mechanism which the country has produced.

This establishment gives employment to 250 hands, 94 of whom are males and 156 females, and manufactures to the annual amount of $100,000. The hours appropriated for labor are 9 on Saturday, and 12 on each of the remaining 5 days of the week.

The rules and regulations are similar to those of the Matteawan Company, which were given at length in the October No. of this Magazine.

The pay roll is usually made up to the last Saturday of every month, and payment made on the following Tuesday or Wednesday.

The agent of the Newburgh Steam Mills is James Montgomery, Esq. ORANGE POWDER WORKS. This establishment commenced operations about the year 1815, and is the property of Daniel Rogers, Esq., so extensively known as the manufacturer of "Orange Gunpowder." It is situated three and a half miles in a north-west direction from the village of Newburgh, on Quaissaick Creek, which has a fall at this place of 44 feet. In connection with the works, are thirty acres of land, and thirty-three buildings; twenty-seven of the latter being appropriated to manufacturing purposes. The lands contiguous, and forming an important appendage to these works, are beautifully situated, rural and picturesque, and embrace within their limits over one mile and a quarter of the water privilege in length, and (including the power now improved) an aggregate fall of 94 feet, so concentrated at convenient distances, as to be susceptible of easy improvement by the extension of the same, or the erection of any other description of works. These mills are capable of producing, on an average, from two hundred and fifty to five hundred thousand pounds of powder per annum.

We learn that Mr. Rogers has suspended operations for several years past, and retired on an ample fortune, the fruits of his untiring industry and devotion to business.

NEWBURGH BREWERY. The Newburgh Brewery was originally commenced and conducted by John Law, since deceased. In 1825, the present edifice was erected on the wharf at the north end of the village by Messrs. Law & Beveridge. Since the death of Mr. Law, it has been conducted by the firm of J. Beveridge & Co. The articles manufactured are ale and beer, and the amount of capital invested is about $150,000. This establishment consumes 70,000 bushels of barley and 50,000 lbs. of hops, valued at $55,000, and producing 25,000 barrels per year, amount. ing to $100,000. It employs 40 hands, whose aggregate wages are $10,000 per annum.

HIGHLAND FACTORY. This establishment comprises a pin factory and a factory for the manufacture of hair seating, and is the property of James F. Starrett & Co. The building, which is located near the mouth of Chamber's Creek, is 40 by 80 feet, and was erected by Mr. Tompkins in 1839.

The pin manufacture employs a capital of $30,000. It consumes, on an average, 100,000 lbs. of brass wire per year, and turns out $35,000 worth of pins.

The hair seating establishment employs 25 looms, consumes $20,000 worth of raw material, and manufactures 12,000 yards of cloth per year. Capital, $20,000. The number of hands employed in both establishments

averages about 70, whose wages vary from $10,000 to $12,000 annually. Hours of labor per day, 12. Messrs. Wight, Sturges & Shaw are agents for the city of New York.

NEWBURGH PRINT WORKS. The Newburgh Print Works are located about one and a half miles west of the village, near the Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike. They consist of one principal building, 40 by 24 feet, which was erected in 1845, and is now occupied by Mr. Robert Caldwell. The amount of capital invested is $10,000; and it is estimated that the establishment can turn out 234,000 yards of printed silks per year, averaging 10 cents per yard. It employs 28 hands, consisting of men, women, and children, who labor 10 hours per day.

JOHN HASKIN'S OIL CLOTH FACTORY. This factory, erected in 1842, employs a capital of $25,000, and turns out, annually, 18,000 square yards of floor oil cloth, varying from 3 to 4 yards in width. It employs 6 hands, at an average wages of $20 00 per month. Albro, Hoyt & Co., 72 John-street, are agents for the city of New York.

ADAM LILBURN'S OIL CLOTH FACTORY, is 135 by 54 feet, and was erected in 1842. Capital, $10,000. It gives employment to 10 hands, consumes material amounting to $20,000, and manufactures to the value of $35,000. Ten hours per day are devoted to labor, and the disbursements for wages are $3,000 per annum.

MRS. WOOLSEY'S OIL CLOTH FACTORY, was erected in 183-, and is 150 by 50 feet. From 6 to 12 hands are employed, at $18 00 to $21 00 per month. This establishment employs an average capital of $12,000, and is capable of producing $45,000 yards of oil cloth per year from to 4 yards in width.

LINSEED OIL MILL. This establishment is owned by Messrs. S. P. Brown & Co. It was erected in 1845, and is 50 by 25 feet. Capital invested, $4,000. The annual consumption of flax seed may be estimated at 18,000 bushels, valued at $22,000, which yields, on an average, about 2 gallons of oil to the bushel. From 6 to 8 hands are employed, at $300 per year each. Hours of labor, 24.

NEWBURGH MILLS. This establishment, the property of Gen. Nathaniel Dubois, comprises a flouring mill, plaster mill, fulling and carding mill, and a leather manufactory.

The flouring mill is supposed to be the oldest in the country, having been erected many years prior to the American Revolution. Mr. Dubois, who has occupied the premises since the year 1806, has a deed in his possession dated as far back as 1753. The capital invested in this mill is about $20,000. It has 3 run of stone, and grinds 15,000 bushels annually.

The plaster mill has one run of stone, and manufactures 600 tons of ground plaster per year, averaging $6 00 per ton. There is, in connection with it, a factory for boiling plaster and adapting it to the preparation of hard-finished walls. From 4 to 6 hands are employed in the plaster and grist mills.

The proprietor of the leather factory is Mr. Frederick Graulick, who has a capital invested of $10,000 to $15,000, and manufactures about $4,000 worth annually.

The fulling and carding mill was erected in 1806, by Jonathan Thorn, and enlarged by Mr. Dubois, the present owner, in 1838. It runs 3 pair of fulling stock and 2 double carding machines, and employs from 4 to 6

hands. The value of building and machinery may be estimated at $3,000. The quantity of raw material which passes through the mill amounts to from $5,000 to $6,000 per year, the earnings on which are probably about $1,600.

CORWIN, HALSEY & Co's. FOUNDRY, was erected by Mr. Henry Carpenter in 1832, and subsequently enlarged by the present proprietors in 1833-4, and also in 1845. It is located at the junction of Grand-street with the Western Turnpike, and extends about 160 feet along the former, having an average depth of 65 feet. The firm have a capital invested of $35,000, and employ 20 hands at $1 25 average per day. Their assortment of patterns is varied and extensive. They manufacture mill gearing, steam engines, agricultural implements, and machinery of various kinds, which consumes 200 tons of anthracite coal, 200 tons of iron, amounting to $9,000, and from 500 to 600 bushels of charcoal. Average hours of labor per day, 10.

SPEIR & WILSON'S FOUNDRY, is located on the Turnpike, nearly opposite that of Messrs. Corwin, Halsey & Co. Though less extensive, they find full employment and turn out excellent work. The building is 100 by 30 feet, and was erected in 1838. There are 8 hands employed, whose annual wages average $1,800. This establishment has a capital of $7,000, consumes 156 tons of iron, valued at $6,000, chiefly in the manufacture of stoves and agricultural implements, which yield a yearly income of $14,000. Hours of labor, 10.

AUVERGE MILLS. This establishment, commonly known as the "New Mills," is situated on Quaissaick or Chamber's Creek, near the Turnpike, about one mile west of the village. It comprises a flouring mill, plaster mill, woollen factory, and leather mill, now the property of Mr. William H. Beede.

The flouring mill has 5 run of stone, consumes 80,000 bushels of grain per annum, employs 6 hands, and turns out about 17,000 barrels of flour. Capital, $10,000. Wages, $20 00 per month.

The plaster mill was erected in 1803 by a Mr. Belknap, and is 75 by 45 feet. It employs a capital of $3,000, and yields from 6,000 to 12,000 tons of ground plaster per year. It has 3 water wheels which are 19, 16

and 15 feet in diameter.

The woollen factory was built in 1841 by James Halsted & Son. It is 30 by 90 feet, and has 2 water wheels, which are 12 and 26 feet across. This establishment runs 8 power looms, 4 carding machines, 1 condenser, 1 picker, 1 knapping machine, 1 gig, 2 jacks, 3 shirring machines, 1 scouring machine, and 1 finisher, and gives employment to 20 operatives, at the average wages of $6 00 per week each. It uses 60,000 lbs. of wool per annum, and manufactures about 30,000 yards of cloth. Capital, $7,000.

The leather mill was erected by Mr. James Halsted in 1837, and is 30 by 40 feet. It employs 10 men, at $7 00 per week each, drives 2 set of stocks, and manufactures about 1,000 skins per year, consisting of sheep and buckskins, and cow hides, the latter being adapted particularly for belt leather. Capital, $4,000.

Art. IV. COMMERCIAL CODE OF SPAIN.

NUMBER V.

We continue our translations of the Codigo de Comercio of Spain on the subject of Marine Averages, and Forced Arrivals, or Arrivals in Distress.

MARINE AVERAGES.

946. The examination and liquidation of the average, and its amount, shall be verified by skillful persons, named on the suggestion of the parties interested, or their representatives; or, if they should not do it, by appointment, made by the tribunal of commerce at the port of discharge, this being done in a Spanish territory.

If this should be done in a foreign country, this appointment shall appertain to the Spanish consul; and, in defect of there being one, to the judicial authority which takes cognizance of mercantile affairs.

947. The skillful persons shall accept the appointment, and shall take an oath to discharge their duties faithfully and legally.

948. Merchandises lost shall be estimated according to their correct price in their place of discharge, so far as it may appear from the bills of lading, the kind of goods, and their respective quality.

It not being so, it shall be as it may result from the invoice of the purchase made in the port of departure, adding to the amount of this, the expenses and freights caused afterwards.

The masts cut away, sails, cables, and the rest of the apparel which may be mutilated to save the vessel, shall be estimated by the value which they had at the time of the average, and their condition for service.

949. In order that the effects of the cargo lost or injured may be considered in the computation of common average, it is an indispensable circumstance, that they should be transported with their own, or proper bills of lading. On the contrary, their loss or damage shall be on account of the parties interested without, for this reason, their being excused from contributing in case of their being saved, like all the rest of the cargo.

950. Neither shall there be computed in the common average, the ef fects, loaded upon the combings of the vessel, which may be thrown overboard or damaged, notwithstanding that they shall be also subject to the contribution of the average if they should be saved.

The FLETANTE and the captain shall answer for the losses of the jettison of the effects thrown overboard to the shippers, if their collocation on the combings was made arbitrarily, and without their consent.

951. The merchandises thrown into the sea, which may be afterwards recovered, shall not enter into the computation of common average, except in that part which was not shown to be necessary, and what the expenses may amount to, incurred to recover them; and if, before the recovery was made, they should have been included in the reckonings of the whole averages, their value shall be put to the owners. These ought to return what was received, retaining only what may correspond to them by reason of their injury and their expenses.

952. In case of the effects of the cargo being lost in order to lighten the vessel, on account of a tempest or to facilitate her entrance into a roadstead or port, and they shall be transferred to barges or launches, their