ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. the present inhabitants nor recognized at the seat of government. It seems to be derived from Karaman, who founded a kingdom here in the middle ages, which was conquered by the Turks, about 1485.— Adj. and inhab. CAR-A-MA-NI-AN. CAR-BON, a co. in the E. part of Pa., intersected by the r. Lehigh. It abounds in coal. Co. t. Mauch Chunk. CARCASSONNE, kår`-kås`-sonn', (Lat. Car/caso,) an ancient, manufacturing and commercial city of France, cap. of the dep. of Aude, on the r. Aude and the Southern Canal (Canal du Midi), which unites the Garonne with the Mediterranean. Lat. 43° 13′ N., Lon. 2° 22′ E. Pop. 17,000. (B.) CAR-DIFF OF CAERDIFF, a commercial t. of Wales, formerly the cap. of Glamorganshire, situated on a canal of its own name. Lat. 51° 28' N., Lon. 3° 10′ W. Pop. 10,077. CAR-DI-GAN, a seaport t. of Wales, cap. of Cardiganshire. Lat. 52° 5' N., Lon. 4° 38′ W. Pop. 2,925. CAR-DI-GAN-SHIRE, a co. of S. Wales, bordering on Cardigan Bay. Pop. 69,766. CAR-IB-BE-AN SEA, that part of the Atlantic which lies between the principal W. India Islands and S. America. CAR-IB-BEE ISLANDS, are a series of small islands, extending from Porto Rico to Trinidad, which is included. The name is derived from the Carl-ibs or Carl-ib-bees', a tribe of S. American aborigines, who, when Columbus discovered America, were in possession of the smaller W. India Islands; from which, however, they have been nearly extirpated by the Europeans. CAR-IN-THI-A, (Ger. Kärnthen, kairn/-ten,) a country in the S. part of the Austrian empire, intersected by the r. Drave. It is about 120 m. in length, and 40 m. in breadth.-Adj. and inhab. CAR-IN-THI-AN. CARLISLE, kar-lile', an ancient city and port of England, cap. of Cumberland co., on the little r. Eden, 260 m. N. N. W. from London. It is connected, by a ship canal, with Bowness (bo-ness') on Solway Frith, by which vessels of 100 tons can come up to the town. It communicates also with Newcastle by a railroad. Pop., including an area of 10 sq. m., 23,012. CARLISLE, a t. of Pa., the cap. of Cumberland co., and the seat of Dickinson College, founded in 1783. Pop. 4,351. CAR-LOW, an inland co. of Ireland, in the prov. of Leinster. Pop. in 1831, 81,649. (P. C.) CARLOW, a t. of Ireland, cap. of the above co., 43 m. S. S. W. of Dublin. Pop. 10,612. (P. C.) CARLOWITZ or KARLOWITZ, kar/-lo-vits, (Hung. Karlovácz, kar-lovååts,) an archiepiscopal t. of the Austrian empire, in the military frontiers of Slavonia. Lat. 45° 12′ N., Lon. 20° 3′ E. Pop. 6,000. (B.) CARLSBAD OF KARLSBAD, karls/-båt, a t. of Bohemia, celebrated for its warm springs and baths, said to have been founded about the year 1370, by Charles IV., whence its name, which signifies "Charles's bath." Lat. 50° 13′ N., Lon. 12° 52′ E. Permanent pop. about 2,600. (B.) Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mê, mit; pine or pine, pin; no, not; ōō as in good, CARLSCRONA, karls-kroo'-nå, frequently written in English CARLSCROON, a fortified seaport t. of Sweden; cap. of the district (or län) of Blekingen (blek'-ing-en), remarkable for its admirably built citadel, its extensive dry-docks, and its fine harbour, which is the station of the Swedish navy. Lat. 56° 10' N., Lon. 15° 30′ E. Pop. 12,000. (B.) CARLSRUHE OF KARLSRUHE, karls/-roo, the cap. of the grand-duchy of Baden, Germany, situated about 4 m. from the E. bank of the Rhine. It has flourishing manufactures and considerable commerce. Among its numerous literary institutions is a public library of 70,000 vols. Lat. 49° N., Lon. 8° 27′ E. Pop. above 20,000. (B.) CAR-NAT-IC, a prov. in the S. of Hindostan, between 8° and 16° N. Lat., and 77° and 81° E. Lon. It borders on the Bay of Bengal, and extends along the coast 560 m. CAR-NI-O'-LA (Ger. Krain, krine), formerly a duchy in the S. part of the Austrian empire, N. E. of, and bordering on the Gulf of Venice.-— Adj. CAR-NI-O'-LAN and CAR-NIC.-Inhab. CARNIOLAN. CAROLINA, kâr-o-li/-na, the name of a colonial settlement in N. America, made by the English, about the middle of the 17th century. North and South Carolina originally constituted but one colony; they were, however, divided in 1729, and since the Revolution have formed two separate states.-Inhab. CAR-O-LIN'-I-AN. NORTH CAROLINA extends from 33° 50′ to 36° 30′ N. Lat., and from 75° 25' to 84° 30′ W. Lon. It is bounded on the N. by Virginia, E. and S. E. by the Atlantic, S. by South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee, and divided into 74 counties.* Extremne length. measuring from Cape Hatteras on the E., about 500 m.; greatest breadth, 180 m. The area is estimated at 50,000 sq. m. Pop. 753,419, of whom 484,870 are whites, 22,732 free coloured persons, and 245,817 slaves. Raleigh is the seat of government. SOUTH CAROLINA extends from 32° to 35° 8' N. Lat., and from 78° 24' to 83° 30′ W. Lon. It is bounded on the N. and N. E. by North Carolina, S. E. by the Atlantic, S. W. and W. by Georgia, and divided into 29 districts.† Length about 260 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., 215 m. Area estimated at 33,000 sq. m. Pop. 594,398, of whom *Anson, Ashe, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick. Buncombe, Burke, Cabarras, Caldwell, Camden, Carteret, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Cleveland, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland. Currituck, Davidson, Davie, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Greene, Guilford, Halifax, Haywood, Henderson, Hertford, Hyde, Iredell, Johnson, Jones, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Martin, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person, Pitt, Randolph Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham, Rowan, Rutherford, Sampson, Stanly, Stokes Surry, Tyrrel, Union, Wake, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wilkes, Yancey. † Abbeville, Anderson, Barnwell, Beaufort, Charleston, Chester, Chesterfield Colleton, Darlington, Edgefield, Fairfield, Georgetown, Greenville, Horry, Ker shaw, Lancaster, Laurens, Lexington, Marion, Marlborough, Newberry, Orange burg, Pickens, Richland, Spartanburg, Sumter, Union, Williamsburg, York ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this ; N, nearly like ng. 259,084 are whites, 8,276 free coloured persons, and 327,038 slaves. Columbia is the capital. CAROLINE, a co. in the E. part of Md., bordering on Del. Pop. 7,806. Co. t. Denton. CAROLINE, a co. in the E. part of Va., bordering on the Rappahannock. Pop. 17,813. Co. t. Bowling Green. CAR-PA-THI-AN MOUNTAINS, a chain which bounds Hungary on the N. W., N., and N. E., and Transylvania on the N. E., E., and S. E. Mount Ruska (roos/-ká), in that branch of the chain, which separates the above countries, is the highest of the Carpathian system, and has an elevation of 1,550 toises, or 9,913 English ft._(B.) CARPENTRAS, kar`-pån`-trås', a walled city of France, in the dep. of Vaucluse. Lat. 44° 3' N., Lon. 5° 4' E. Pop. 6,294. (P.C.) CARRARA, kår-rå/-rå, a small t. and territory in the N. of Italy, bordering on the Mediterranean, which belongs at present to the Duke of Modena. It is important on account of its extensive and valuable marble quarries. CAR-RICK-ON-SUIR (-shure), a t. of Ireland, situated on the r. Suir, partly in the co. of Tipperary, and partly in that of Waterford, about 85 m. S. S. W. from Dublin. Pop. 9,626. (P. C.) CAR/-RICK-FER-Gus, the cap. of the co. of Antrim, Ireland, on the W. side of the little bay called Belfast Lough, 9 m. N. N. E. of Belfast. This town, together with its liberties, forms what is called the county of the town of Carrickfergus. The castle stands on a rocky peninsula, whence the name, which signifies the "rock of Fergus"—an Irish king, who was drowned there. Pop. of the co. in 1831, 8,706. (P. C.) CAR-ROLL, a co. in the E. part of N. H., bordering on Me. Pop. 19,973. Co. t. Ossipee. CARROLL, a co. in the N. part of Md., bordering on Pa. Pop. 17,241. Co. t. Westminster. CARROLL, a co. in the S. S. W. part of Va., bordering on N. C. CARROLL, a co. in the W. part of Ga., bordering on Ala. and the r. Chattahoochee. Pop. 5,252. Co. t. Carrollton. CARROLL, a co. in the N.W. central part of Miss., on the Yalabusha r. Pop. 10,481. Co. seat, Carrollton. CARROLL, a parish forming the N. E. extremity of La. Pop. 4,237. CARROLL, a co. in the N. W. part of Ark., bordering on Mo. Pop. 2,844. Co. t. Carrollton. CARROLL, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., a little W. of the Tennessee r. Pop. 12,362. Co. t. Huntingdon. CARROLL, a co. in the N. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 8,966. CARROLL, a co. in the E. part of Ohio, intersected by the Sandy and Beaver Canal. Pop. 18,018. Co. t. Carrollton. CARROLL, a co. in the N. W. central part of Ind., intersected by the Wabash and Erie Canal. Pop. 7,819. Co. t. Delphi. Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pîn; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in gooa ; CARROLL, a co. in the N. W. part of Mo., bordering on the r. Missouri. Pop. 2,423. Co. t. Carrollton. CARTAGENA, kar-ta-jel-na, (Sp. pron. kar-tå-Hà/-nå, Anc. Carthago Nolva,) a fortified seaport t. of Spain, in Murcia, with one of the finest harbours on the Mediterranean. Lat. 37° 36′ N., Lon. 1° W. Pop. estimated at 37,000. (B.) CARTAGENA, a seaport in the republic of New Granada, on the northern coast of S. America, with one of the safest and most convenient harbours in all America. The entrance is so narrow that only one vessel can come in at a time. It is defended by two strong castles. Among the institutions for education, may be mentioned a university, a school of navigation, and a college. Its commerce is considerable, though less than it was before the war of independence. Lat. 10° 25′ 48" N., Lon. 75° 30′ W. Pop. about 18,000. (B.) CARTER, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Tenn., bordering on N. C. Pop. 5,372. Co. t. Elizabethtown. CARTER, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ky. Pop. 2,905. Co. t. Grayson. CAR-TER-ET, a co. in the S. E. part of N. C., bordering on the sea. Pop. 6,591. Co. t. Beaufort. CASALE, kå-så-là, a fortified t. of the continental Sardinian states; cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the S. bank of the Po, 35 m. E. of Turin. Pop. 16,000. (P. C.) CASAL MAGGIORE, kå-sål' måd-jo/-rà, a t. of Austrian Italy, on the left bank of the Po, 20 m. E. S. E. of Cremona. Lat. about 45° N., Lon. 10° 26' E. Pop. 5,000. (B.) CAS-BIN OF KAZEIN (Pers. pron. kås'-been', whence the name is sometimes written CASBEEN), a manufacturing and commercial city of Irak, Persia, situated in the midst of a country rendered very fertile by an extensive system of irrigation, which is carried on by means of subterranean aqueducts. The grapes of Casbin are considered to be the finest in Persia. Lat. 36° 12' N., Lon. 49° 33' E. Pop. 60,000. (B.) CASERTA or CASERTA NUOVA, kå-ser/-tå nwol-vå, a t. of Naples, with a royal palace, one of the most magnificent in Europe, and a supert aqueduct, 27 m. long. It is 17 m. N. by E. of Naples. Pop. about 5,000. (B.) CA-SEY, a co. in the central part of Ky., intersected by Green r Pop. 4,939. Co. t. Liberty. CASH/-EL, an ancient city of Ireland, in the co. of Tipperary, 108 m S. W. of Dublin. It was formerly the residence of the kings of Mun ster. Pop. in 1831, 6,971. (P. Č.) "And CASBIN's luscious grapes of amber hue." SOUTHEY'S Thalaba, Book VI. "With grapes of gold, like those that shine On CASBIN's hills". MOORE'S Lalla Rookh. ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. CASH-MERE* or KASHMIRE, an extensive valley in the southern part of Asia, surrounded by high mountains of the Himalaya range, between 33° 20′ and 35° 40′ Ñ. Lat., and 74° 30′ and 77° E. Lon. This country is remarkably well watered and productive. As it is 6,000 or 7,000 feet above the level of the sea, the climate is cool for the latitude. Cashmere was not long since in the possession of the Afghans, but more recently formed a part of the extensive dominions of Runjeet Sing, the Sovereign of the Seiks. (See LAHORE.) The chief t. is Sirinagur.Adj. and Inhab. CASH-ME-RI-AN. CAS-PI-AN SEA (the Kaoria @a2assa of the Greeks), a large inland sea, situated on the boundary between Europe and Asia, extending from 47° 20' to 36° 40′ N. Lat., and from 54° 10′ to 46° 50′ E. Lon. Its length, following the curve of the sea, is about 900 m.; its average breadth about 210 m. The waters of this sea are much less salt than those of the Atlantic. Gmelin estimates. the proportion as 1 to 4. Though it receives the waters of the Volga and several other rivers of considerable magnitude, the Caspian has no outlet. The surface of this sea is stated to be more than 300 ft. below that of the ocean. CASS, a co. in the N. W. part of Ga., intersected by the Etowah r. Pop. 9,390. Co. t. Cassville. CASS, a co. in the S. W. part of Mich., bordering on Ind. Pop. 5,710. Co. t. Cassopolis. CASS, a co. in the N. central part of Ind., intersected by the Wabash and Erie Canal. Pop. 5,480. Co. t. Logansport. CASS, a co. in the W. central part of Ill., bordering on the Illinois r. Pop. 2,981. Co. t. Beardstown. CAS-SEL, a t. of Germany, the cap. of the electorate of Hesse-Cassel, on the Fulda, about 108 m. N. E. of Coblentz. It has numerous institutions for the promotion of the arts and sciences, among which we may mention the Museum, one of the finest buildings in the place, the Observatory, the Academy of Antiquities, the Academy of Painting, Sculp ture, and Architecture, and the Lyceum. Lat. 51° 18′ N., Lon. 9° 30′ E. Pop. above 26,000. (B.) CASTELNAUDARY, kås -tel`-nõ`-då`-re', a t. of France, in the dep. of Aude. Lat. about 43° 19′ N., Lon. 1° 53′ E. Pop. in 1832, 8,471. (P. C.) CASTEL VETRANO, cảs-tel' và-trå/-no, a t. of Sicily, remarkable for its In familiar discourse, we very often hear this name accentuated on the first syllable; e. g. in the phrase, "a Cashmere shawl." Cashmere, in such cases, may be considered simply as an English word, having become thoroughly anglicized. (See Int. XII., Obs. 2.) When, however, the country itself is spoken of, the almost invariable practice of the best speakers, as well as the usage of the poets, will, we believe, be found to justify the pronunciation above given. "Who has not heard of the Vale of CASHMERE, MOORE's Lalla Rookh. |