Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mêt; p'ne or pine, pin; no, not; ōō as in good Scheldt, 31 m. W. S. W. from Antwerp, and 30 m. N. W. from Brus sels. It is intersected by a great number of navigable canals, through which it communicates with most of the important towns of the Low Countries. The Sas-van-Ghent Canal (first opened for use in 1828), which runs towards the N. into Zealand, connects Ghent with the W. Scheldt, and allows vessels from the sea, drawing 18 ft. of water, to enter the city. In the centre of the town a magnificent basin has lately been excavated, which is connected with the above canal, and is capable of containing 400 vessels, of 900 tons each. Ghent is a handsome and well-built city, and is surrounded by walls with seven gates. This town appears to have existed as early as the 5th century. It was formerly much more populous than at present. During the reign of the emperor Charles V., who was born here, Ghent contained 175,000 inhabitants (P. C.) Towards the end of the 13th century, it is said to have exceeded the capital of France, in extent and population. Besides the University and the College, Ghent possesses a royal academy of drawing, sculpture, and architecture; a royal society of agriculture and botany; and various other establishments for the promotion of literature, science, and the arts. Lat. 51° 3′ N., Lon. 3° 44' E. Pop. 84,000. (B.)

GHOOL-GHOO'-LA, a valley in Afghanistan, 30 or 40 m. N. W. of Cabool, remarkable for two rude colossal statues, one of a male, about 120 ft. in height; the other of a female, about 70 ft.

GIBRALTAR, je-braul/-ter, (Sp. pron. He-brål-tan/: Anc. Cal/pe,) a fortified rock in the S. extremity of Spain, which is connected with the continent by an isthmus of low sand, and almost surrounded by the waters of the Mediterranean, forming a promontory, 3 m. in length, from N. to S., and from 1,200 to 1,400 ft. in height. Towards the S., it terminates in what is called Europa Point. In the early part of the 8th century, an army of Saracens, under the command of Tarif, landed here, and erected a castle on the shoulder of the rock, which was called by the invaders Gibel-Tarif (i. e. the "mountain of Tarif"), whence, in all probability, the present name is derived. The ruins of the Moorish castle are still to be seen. At present, Gibraltar is perhaps the strongest and most remarkable fortress in the world. Besides other fortifications, of extraordinary strength, there are two excavations, called galleries, wrought in the solid rock, which are sufficiently capacious to contain the whole garrison in time of siege. They are narrow, and extend from two to three miles in length. Along these galleries, at intervals of every twelve yards, are port-holes, bearing on the isthmus and bay. Gibraltar is a free port, and forms a convenient entrepôt for merchandise destined for the neighbouring provinces of Spain and Africa. The Bay of Gibraltar, lying W. of the promontory, is commodious, and secure from all the more dangerous winds. It is near 8 m. in length; its greatest breadth is about 5 m.; its depth, in the centre, exceeds 100 fathoms. The town of Gibraltar is situated near the foot of the hill, at its N. W. side. Lat. 36° 6' 30" N., Lon. 5° 19′ W. Pop. estimated at about 16,000. (P. C.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this ; N, nearly like ng ; Ģ like j.

GIBRALTAR, STRAIT OF, situated between Spain and Africa, and connecting the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. In the narrowest place, its breadth does not exceed 12 m. Its length, from Cape Trafalgar to Europa Point, is near 40 m.

GIB-SON, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., a little E. of the Mississippi r. Pop. 13,689. Co. t. Trenton.

GIBSON, a co. in the S. W. part of Ind., bordering on the Wabash and White rivers. Pop. 8,977. Co. t. Princeton.

GIESSEN, ghees-sen, a t. of Germany, in the grand-duchy of Hesse, about 33 m. N. of Frankfort on the Main. It has a university, attended by about 400 students. Lat. 50° 34' N., Lon. 8° 34' E. Pop. 7,000. (B.) GIHON OF JIHON. See Oxus.

GIJON, нe-Hone', a small t., of Spain, on the coast of Asturia, remarkable for its college or high-school, called the Instituto Asturiano Lat. 43° 35′ N., Lon. 5° 45′ W.

GILA, Heel-lå, a r. of Mexico, which flows into the Colorado.

GILES, a co. in the S. W. part of Va., intersected by New River Pop. 5,307. Co. t. Parisburg.

GILES, a co. in the S. part of Tenn., bordering on Ala. Pop. 21,494. Co. t. Pulaski.

GIL-MER, a co. in the N. part of Ga., bordering on Tenn. Pop. 2,536. Co. t. Ellejay.

GILOLO, je-lol-lo, the largest of the Molucca islands, between 1° S. and 2° 10′ N. Lat., and 127° and 129° E. Lon. In shape, it somewhat resembles a bird's foot; consisting of four lobes, of which the northern is considerably the largest. Its length, from N. to. S., is about 220 m.; the greatest breadth of the northern lobe is near 50 m. Moluccas, it is dependent on the Dutch. (See MOLUCCAS.) GIRGEH, jeĕR'-jeh (written by the French, Djirdjeh), a considerable t., formerly the cap. of Upper Egypt, situated on the left bank of the Nile. Lat. 26° 22′ N., Lon. 31° 55′ E. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

Like the other

GIRGENTI, jēĕr-jen'-te (Anc. Agrigen'tum), a t. of Sicily, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, situated near the S. W. coast, about a mile from the ruins of the ancient Agrigentum. Lat. 37° 19' N., Lon. 13° 34' E. Pop. about 15,000. (B.) On the site of the ancient town, called, by the present inhabitants, Girgenti Vecchio (vek'-ke-o) or Old Girgenti, are to be seen a great number of interesting ruins; the temple of Concord, having been converted into a Christian church, is still almost entire.

GIRONDE, je-rond', (Fr. pron. zhe'-rond'), a r. or estuary of France, formed by the union of the Garonne and Dordogne, flowing into the Bay of Biscay. Its length is about 45 m.; its breadth varies from about 2 to 7 m.

GIRONDE, a dep. in the S. W. part of France, lying on both sides of the r. Gironde, and bordering on the Bay of Biscay. Pop. 555,809. (B) Capital, Bordeaux.

GIZEH. See GHEEZEH.

GLAD-WIN, a co. in the E. part of Mich., W. of Saginaw Bay.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; no, not; ŏŏ as in good;

GLAM-OR-GAN-SHIRE, a co. in S. Wales, bordering on the sea. Pop.

171,188.

GLAR-US, in Fr. GLARIS, gla`-reece', a canton in the E. part of Switzerland, bordering on the lake of Wallenstadt and the Linth Canal, which connects the above lake with the lake of Zürich. The area is about 469 sq. m. Pop. 28,000. (B.)

GLARUS, the cap. of the above canton, is situated on the r. Linth which flows into the lake of Wallenstadt. It contains a Protestant college, and about 4,000 inhabitants. (P. C.) Lat. 47° 2′ N., Lon. 9° 2 E.

GLASGOW, a city of Scotland, in Lanarkshire, situated on the N. bank of the Clyde, 43 m. W. by S. from Edinburgh. In extent and population, as well as in commerce and manufactures, it is the first town of Scotland. Three different canals terminate in Glasgow; through one of them, the Forth and Clyde Canal, it has communication with Falkirk, Grangemouth and Edinburgh. The town is, in general, regularly and handsomely built; the streets are large, clean, and well paved, and adorned with a number of fine edifices, both public and private. The ancient cathedral stands in the highest part of the city, and is considered as the finest specimen of Gothic architecture among the churches of Scotland. Among the various scientific and literary institutions of Glasgow, we may mention the University, which was attended, in 1826-7, by 1,027 students; the Hunterian Museum, with a superb collection of anatomical preparations, and the institution founded by Professor Anderson, of which it is the object to furnish, at a very moderate expense, a regular course of instruction, by popular lectures, to persons not wishing, or not able, to enter any of the universities. Glasgow exhibits an astonishing augmentation in the number of inhabitants, of late years. The pop. of 1841, which, including the suburbs, amounted to 274,324, exceeded that of 1831 by more than 72,000. In 1780, the town contained only 42,832 inhabitants. (E. G.) The Observatory is in Lat. 55° 51′ 32′′ N., Lon. 4° 17 54" W. (P. C.)

PORT-GLASGOW is situated in Renfrewshire, on the Frith of Clyde, about 20 m. below Glasgow. The citizens of the latter town having experienced great inconvenience from the want of a seaport, founded a harbour here in 1668, and afterwards obtained a charter from the crown, constituting it a free port. Pop. 6,973.

GLATZ (Polish, Klodz-ko), a fortified t. of Prussian Silesia, cap. of a circle of the same name on the Neisse (ni'-ceh). It is surrounded by a double wall. Lat. 50° 25' N., Lon. 16° 37′ E. Pop., exclusive of the military, 6,400. (B.)

GLAUCHAU, glou-Kou, a t. of Saxony, in the co. of Schönburg, 6 m. N. of Zwickau. Pop. 5,300. (B.)

GLOGAU, glo/-gou, a circle of Prussian Silesia, S. of Posen.

GROSS-GLOGAU, groce`-glo-gou (i. e. Great Glogau), the chief town of the above, is a strong fortress, situated on the Oder. Lat. 51° 40' N., Lon. 16° 7′ E. Pop., exclusive of the garrison, 11,000. (B.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng; G, like j. GLOMMEN, glum/-men, the largest r. of Norway, rises in the high mountains to the S. E. of Drontheim, and flows into the Skager-Rack It traverses several small lakes in its course.

GLOUCESTER, glos/-ter, (the Gle/vum of the Romans; Saxon, Gleau Cester, whence the present name is derived,) a city in the W. of England, the cap. of Gloucestershire, is situated on the left bank of the Severn, 90 m. W. N. W. from London. There are two stone bridges, each of a single arch, over the two channels of the Severn. Glouces ter is remarkable for its superb cathedral, and for its immense manufacture of pins, which, however, was formerly much more extensive than at present. Lat. 51° 52′ N., Lon. 2° 16' W. The city forms a little co. of itself, with an area of only 680 acres. Pop. 14,152.

GLOUCESTER, a port of entry of Essex co., Mass., on the S. side of the peninsula of Cape Ann, about 27 m., in a straight line, N. E. of Boston. It has a commodious harbour, and carries on extensive fisheries. Pop. 6,350.

GLOUCESTER, a co. in the S. W. part of N. J., bordering on the Delaware r. Pop. 25,438. Co. t. Woodbury.

GLOUCESTER, a co. in the E. part of Va., at the mouth of York r. Pop. 10,715. Seat of justice, Gloucester c. h.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE, glos'-ter-shir, a co. in the W. of England, intersected by the r. Severn. Pop. 431,383.

GLÜCKSTADT, glück'-stått, a t. and free port of Denmark, cap. of Holstein (see KIEL), situated on the Elbe. Lat. 53° 48′ N., Lon. 9° 27 E. Pop. about 5,000. (B.)

GLYNN, a co. in the S. E. part of Ga., bordering on the r. Altamaha and the sea. Pop. 5,302. Co. t. Brunswick.

GMUND, gmŏŏnt, or GMÜN-DEN, a small t. of Upper Austria, important on account of its salt-works, and the railroad which connects it with Linz and Budweis.

GMUND, gmünt, a t. of Germany, in Würtemberg, 28 m. E. of Stuttgart, with an institute for the deaf and dumb, and for the blind, and other establishments for education.

GNESEN, gna-zen, (Polish, Gniesno, gne-es/-no,) a t. of Prussian Poland, 30 m. by E. by N. from Posen, considered as the most ancient town in all Poland. Pop. 5,600. (B.)

Go-, the cap. of the Portuguese possessions in India, situated in the prov. of Bejapoor, on an island formed by the r. Mandova. The ancient city is now almost deserted. The new town, which stands 5 m. nearer the sea, is called Pandjim (pån-jeem'). (P. C.) Lat. 15° 31′ N., Lon. 73° 45′ E. Pop. estimated at from 18,000 to 20,000.

GODAVERY, go-då'-ver-e, a large r. of India, which rises in the Western Ghauts, and flowing, at first easterly, and afterwards southeasterly, empties itself into the Bay of Bengal, by several mouths. Its length is estimated at 640 m.

GOES, HŎŎce, a seaport t. of Holland, on the island of S. Beveland, Lat. 51° 30' N., Lon. 3° 53′ E. Pop. 4,500. (B)

GOL-CON/-DA, an ancient and decayed t. of Hindostan, in the prov. of

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õò as in good; Hydrabad, celebrated for its diamond mines. It appears, however, that these mines, mentioned so frequently by geographers as well as others, have never had an existence. The "diamonds of Golconda" are thus designated, from having been wrought in this town, which was, for many centuries, distinguished for its traffic in those precious stones. (B.) Golconda is situated a few miles to the W. of the city of Hydrabad. Lat. 17° 23′ N., Lon. 78° 26′ E.

GOLDBERG, golt/-b RG, a manufacturing t. of Prussian Silesia. Lat. 51° 4' N., Lon. 15° 56′ E. Pop. 6,400. (B.)

GOLD COAST, a part of Guinea, the limits of which are not exactly defined. In its most extensive application, the name comprises a maritime tract extending from the little r. Assinee (about 3° 20′ W. Lon.) to the eastern mouth of the r. Lagos, (4° 20′ E. Lon.) That portion, however, which lies E. of the r. Volta, is often called the Slave Const. Some writers describe the Gold Coast as limited on the W. by Cape Three Points (about 2° 10′ W. Lon.); others make Cape Apollonia the western boundary. Of all parts of Guinea, and indeed of the African coast, this is the one where European settlements and trade have been carried to the greatest extent. Its name sufficiently indicates the cause. It appears, however, that the gold for which this region formerly enjoyed an exaggerated celebrity, was chiefly procured from other portions of Africa.

GOLNOW, goll-nov, a t. of Prussia, in Pomerania, 18m. N. E. of Stettin. Pop. 3,600. (B.)

GOM-BROON', called, also, BUN-DER AB-BAS-SI, a t. of Persia, situated at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, opposite to the far-famed island of Ormuz. Formerly it carried on an extensive trade, and its population is said to have amounted to 30,000; it is now reduced to 3,000 or 4,000. (P. C.) According to Balbi, it is still populous during the winter season. Lat. about 27° 12′ N., Lon. 56° 3′ E.

GOMERA, go-mål-rå, one of the Canary Islands, situated between 28° and 28° 13' N. Lat., and 17° 15′ and 17° 35′ W. Lon. It is about 20 m. long, and contains an area of 10 sq. leagues. Pop. 11,742. (P. C.)

GONAÏVES, LES, là go`-nive', a small seaport t. of Hayti, cap. of the dep. of Artibonite. Lat. 19° 20' N., Lon. 72° 30′ W.

GON/-DAR, a city of Abyssinia, formerly the cap. of the whole empire; at present the chief town of the kingdom of Amhara, is situated in a plain between 20 and 30 m. N. of Lake Dembea. The houses are mostly covered with straw; they are isolated, so that the city occupies a large space in proportion to the number of inhabitants. Lat. about 12° 30′ N., Lon. 37° 32′ E. Pop. 6,000 (B.); others, however, have estimated it much higher, but have probably been deceived by the extent of ground which the town occupies.

GOOCH'-LAND, a co. in the E. central part of Va., N. of, and bordering on James r. Pop. 9,760. Seat of justice, Goochland c. h.

GOOLD-SHA (Guldscha), called, also, ILI, (eel-le), an important com. mercial t. of Central Asia, situated in Chinese Toorkistan. It is said