Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét ; pine or pine, pin; nó, nôt; öö, as in good about 75 m. from the German Ocean. The origin of this town is attributed to Charlemagne. It had attained to considerable commercial importance at the beginning of the 12th century. In the 13th, it concurred in the formation of the Hanseatic league. (See HANSE Towns.) It suffered extremely from its occupation by the French, during the early part of the present century, especially in 1813 and 1814; in consequence of which, its population was reduced to about 60,000, though it appears, at the present time, to have entirely recovered from the loss which it then sustained. Like most of the old towns of Germany, Hamburg is well fortified. The greater part of the city is irregularly built, and presents but a gloomy appearance, though, in the newer portion, there are several pleasant streets and fine buildings. The most remarkable edifice is, perhaps, the church of St. Michael; it is capable of accommodating 6,000 persons (M.); the steeple is said to be 456 ft. in height. This city contains a number of literary and scientific institutions, among which are two gymnasia, an anatomical institute, a fine botanic garden, and a public library, called the City Library, with nearly 200,000 vols., besides 3,000 manuscripts. Our limits will not permit us to mention even the principal among the multitude of charitable institutions which Hamburg possesses; suffice it to say, that they are on the most liberal plan, and managed in the most exemplary manThe city of Hamburg, with its territory, constitutes a sovereign state, which is a member of the Germanic confederation. The government is republican. The territory, which contains about 150 s 0 sq. m., is bounded on the S. by the Elbe, on all other sides by the Danish possessions of Holstein and Lauenburg. The entire pop., in 1826, according to Balbi, was 148,000. The present pop. of the city is above 122,000. Lat. 55° 33' N., Lon. 9° 59′ E.

ner.

HAMELN, hål-meln, a t. of Germany, in Hanover, on the Weiser, with a large house of correction. Lat. 52° 5' N., Lon. 9° 20′ E. Pop.

5,300. (B.)

HAM-IL-TON, a manufacturing t. of Scotland, in Lanarkshire, on the Clyde, 10 m. S. E. of Glasgow. Pop. 8,876.

HAMILTON, a co. in the N. E. part of N. Y., on the head waters of the Hudson. Pop. 1,907.

HAMILTON, a co. in the N. part of Florida, bordering on Ga. and the Suwanee. Pop. 1,464. Co. t. Miccotown.

HAMILTON, a co. in the S. E. part of Tenn., bordering on the Tennessee r. Pop. 8,175. Seat of justice, Hamilton c. h.

HAMILTON, a co. forming the S. W. extremity of Ohio. Pop. 80,145. Co. t. Cincinnati.

HAMILTON, a co. in the centre of Ind., intersected by the White r. Pop. 9,855. Co. t. Noblesville.

HAMILTON, a co. in the S. E. part of Ill., near the Little Wabash r. Pop. 3,945. Co. t. McLeansboro.

HAMM, håmm, a t. of the Prussian states, on the Lippe. Lat. 51° 41' N., Lon. 7° 47' E. Pop. 5,000.

(B.)

HAM-MER-SMITH, a village of England, on the N. bank of the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. Thames, near London, with a Catholic boarding-school for young ladies (nunnery), and a fine suspension bridge over the r. Thames. Pop. of the parish, 9,888.

HAMP-DEN, a co. in the S. W. part of Mass., intersected by the Connecticut r. Pop. 37,366. Co. t. Springfield.

HAMP-SHIRE (i. e. the county of Hants), called also SOUTHAMPTON, a co. in the S. of England, bordering on the English Channel; it includes the Isle of Wight. Pop. 355,004.

HAMPSHIRE, a co. in the W. part of Mass., intersected by the Connecticut r. Pop. 30,897. Co. t. Northampton.

HAMPSHIRE, & co. in the N. part of Va., on the Potomac. Pop. 12,295. Co. t. Romney.

HANAU, hål-nou, the first manufacturing t. in the electorate of HesseCassel, Germany, and the cap. of a prov. of the same name, is situated on the Kinzig (kint/-sia), near its junction with the Main. It is a flourishing place, and has an extensive trade. Lat. 50° 9′ N., Lon. 8° 52 E. Pop. estimated at above 13,000. (B.)

HAN-COCK, a co. in the S. E. part of Maine, bordering on the sea. Pop. 28,646. Co. t. Ellsworth.

HANCOCK, a co. in the N. E. central part of Ga., bordering on the Oconee r. Pop. 9,659. Co. t. Sparta.

HANCOCK, a co. in the S. part of Miss., bordering on Pearl r. and L. Borgne. Pop. 3,367. Co. seat, Shieldsborough.

HANCOCK, a co. in the N. W. part of Ky., E. of Green r. and bordermg on the Ohio. Pop. 2,581. Co. t. Hawesville.

HANCOCK, a co. in the N. W. part of Ohio, E. of the Miami Canal. Pop. 9,986. Co. t. Findlay.

HANCOCK, a Co. in the E. central part of Ind., E. of Indianapolis. Pop. 7,538. Co. t. Greenfield.

HANCOCK, a co. in the W. part of Ill., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 9,946. Co. t. Carthage.

HANG-TCHEOO (or -tcheou), a large commercial city of China, situated near the mouth of the r. Tsien-tang, with a harbour; it has fortifications, with a numerous garrison, and a population which is estimated at between 600,000 and 700,000. (B.) Lat. about 30° 10′ N., Lon. 119° 12′ E.

HAN-O-VER, (Ger. Hannover, hån-no'-ver,) a kingdom in the N. W of Germany, situated between 51° 18′ and 53° 52′ N. Lat., and 6° 48 and 11° 40′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. W. by the German Ocean, N. and N. E. by the Elbe (which separates it from the territories of Hamburg, Denmark, and Mecklenburg) and by Mecklenburg, E. and S. E. by Prussia and Brunswick, S. W. by Hesse-Cassel, Lippe, and the Prussian territory of Westphalia, and W. by Holland. It may be regarded as consisting principally of three portions, the two larger of which lie within nearly the same latitudes, and are almost, though not quite, divided from each other by the grand-duchy of Oldenburg; the third is much smaller, and is separated from the more easterly of the other two by the territory of Brunswick. The whole contains an area

Fate, får, fåll, fât; mê, mêt; pine or pine, pin; no, not; õõ as in good;

of 14,570 sq. m. Total pop. 1,662,500. (P. C.) The government is a limited monarchy.-Adj. and inhab. HAN-O-VE-RI-AN.

HANOVER, the cap. of the above kingdom, and of the principality of Calenburg, is situated on the r. Leine (li-neh), which is navigable from the town to its junction with the Weser. The city consists of thrée parts; the Old Town, the Ægidian New Town, and the New Town on the left bank of the river. The walls, with five gates, were partly levelled in 1780, and laid out in streets. Among the numerous scientific and literary institutions of Hanover, may be cited the Lyceum, and the City Library with 40,000 vols. Lat. 52° 22′ N., Lon. 9° 43/ E. Pop. above 28,000. (B.)

HANOVER, a t. of Grafton co., N. H., the seat of Dartmouth College, which was founded in 1770, and received its name from the Earl of Dartmouth, one of its principal patrons. It has a library of 16,500 vols.; number of students, 340. The New Hampshire Medical School, founded in 1797, is connected with the above.

HANOVER, a co. in the E. part of Va., N. of Richmond. Pop. 14,968. Seat of justice, Hanover c. h.

HANSE TOWNS, called also the HANSA and HANSEATIC LEAGUE, a celebrated commercial confederacy, which derives its name from the ancient German word Hanse, signifying an "association for mutual support." In the middle ages, Hamburg, Lübeck, and afterwards Brunswick, Dantzic, Cologne, Bremen, and a great number of other towns, entered into an alliance, in order to defend their commerce against the numerous banditti and pirates, who then infested Germany and the neighbouring seas. This alliance was termed the Hanseatic League. The confederated or Hanse towns, were each bound to contribute towards maintaining ships and soldiers for their mutual protection, not only against pirates and robbers, but also against the encroachments, oppression, or rapacity of the neighbouring nobles and kings. The number of towns composing the league fluctuated; at one time it is said to have amounted to 85, among which were Bergen in Norway, Berlin, Königsberg, and Cracow. This powerful confederacy formed the first systematic plan of commerce known in the middle ages. The cities enjoyed in England the privilege of exporting goods duty free, and in Denmark, of importing them duty free. Their alliance was coveted, and their hostility feared, by the greatest powers. Several kings were defeated, and one (Magnus of Sweden) was deposed by them. Lübeck was the place of assemblage, and was regarded as the capital of the league, and issued the summons for the regular assemblies of the deputies from all the cities, which were held once in three years; and also for the extraordinary assemblies generally held once in ten years. The epoch of the dissolution of the confederacy may be stated at 1630. However, Hamburg, Lübeck, and Bremen, still constitute an association of a similar character, and, with Frankfort on the Main, are called the free Hanseatic cities of the Germanic con federation.-Adj. HANSE and HAN'-SE-AT-IC.

HANTS. See HAMPSHIRE.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this ; N, nearly like ng. HAR-DI-MAN, & Co. in the S. W. part of Tenn., bordering on Miss. Pop. 14,563. Co. t. Bolivar.

HAR-DIN, a co. in the S. W. part of Tenn., intersected by the r. Tennessee, and bordering on Miss. and Ala. Pop. 8,245. Co. t. Savannah.

HARDIN, a co. in the N. or N. W. central part of Ky., S. of Louisville. Pop. 16,357. Co. t. Elizabethtown.

HARDIN, a co. in the N. W. central part of Ohio, on the sources of the Sciota r. Pop. 4,598. Co. t. Kenton.

HARDIN, a co. in the S. E. part of Ill., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 1,378.

HARD-WICK, a village and port of entry of Ga., in Bryan co., on the W. side of the Ogeechee r.

HAR-DY, a co. in the N. part of Va., intersected by the S. branch of the Potomac. Pop. 7,622. Co. t. Moorfield.

HARFLEUR, haR-flUR', a small t. of France, in the dep. of Lower Seine, about 4 m. E. of Havre de Grace, with which it is connected by a canal.

HAR-FORD, a Co. in the N. E. part of Md., W. of, and bordering on the Susquehanna and Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 17,120. Co. t. Bel-Air. HAR-LAN, a co. in the S. E. part of Ky., bordering on Va. Pop. 3,015. Co. t. Mt. Pleasant.

HAR-RIS, a co. in the W. part of Ga., bordering on the Chattahoochee r. Pop. 13,933. Co. t. Hamilton.

HAR-RIS-BURG, the cap. of the state of Pa., and seat of justice of Dauphin co., is situated on the E. bank of the Susquehanna, about 94 m., in a straight line, nearly W. from Philadelphia. It stands on the Pennsylvania Canal, and, by means of various railroads, is connected with Chambersburg, Hagerstown, Lancaster, York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Lat. 40° 16′ N., Lon. 76° 50′ W. Pop. 5,980.

HAR-RI-SON, a co. in the N. W. part of Va., on the head waters of the Monongahela. Pop. 17,669. Co. t. Clarkesburg.

HARRISON, a co. in the N. N. E. part of Ky., intersected by the Licking r. Pop. 12,472. Co. t. Cynthiana.

HARRISON, a co. in the E. part of Ohio, a little W. of the Ohio r. Pop. 20,099. Co. t. Cadiz.

HARRISON, a co. in the S. part of Ind., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 12,459. Co. t. Corydon.

HAR-ROW-GATE, a village of England, in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, celebrated for its mineral springs, situated about 20 m. nearly W. from York. This place is much resorted to, both on account of its sulphurous and its chalybeate springs. The former are regarded as the strongest sulphurous waters in England.

HART, a co. in the S. W. central part of Ky., intersected by Green r. Pop. 7,031. Co. t. Munfordsville.

HART-FORD, a co. in the N. part of Conn., intersected by the Connecticut r. Pop. 55,629.

HARTFORD, the cap. of the above co., and one of the seats of govern

Fåte, får, fåll, fät; mè, mit; pine or pine, pin; nô, not; oo as in good; ment of the state of Conn., is situated on the Connecticut r., at the head of sloop navigation, in the midst of a beautiful and fertile country. Among the institutions of this city, we may mention a retreat for the insane, a deaf and dumb asylum (regarded as the first institution of the kind in the U. S.), and the Washington College, founded in 1824. The State House is in 41° 45′ 59′′ N. Lat., and 72° 40′ 45′′ W. Lon. Pop. of the city and township, 12,793; of the city alone, 9,468. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. See CAMBRIDGE.

HARWICH, usually pronounced har-ridge, a seaport t. of England, in the co. of Essex, 66 m. E. N. E. of London, with a good harbour and a light-house. The name is derived from two Saxon words, here, signifying "army," and wic, a "fortification;" whence it is inferred that it was once the station of a Saxon army. At present the town appears to be on the decline. Pop., including an area of 3 sq. m., 3,829.

HASSELT, hås selt, a t. of Belgium, in the prov. of Limburg, 15 m. W. N. W. of Maestricht. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

HASTINGS, haste/-ings, an ancient seaport town of England, in the co. of Sussex; 54 m. S. S. E. from London. It is one of the Cinque Ports, in importance second only to Dover. In the neighbourhood of this place, Harold II. was defeated by William the Conqueror, in the year 1066. Lat. 50° 52′ N., Lon. 0° 31′ E. Pop. 11,617.

HAV-AN-A (Sp. pron. å-vå/-nå), the cap. of Cuba, is situated on the N. coast of the island. Its harbour, which is very spacious and one of the most secure and commodious in the world, communicates with the sea by a channel rather more than half a mile in length, and from 300 to 350 yards wide, with a depth varying from 8 to 10 fathoms. This channel is protected by two strong fortresses, and a series of fortifications along both shores. The harbour itself is surrounded by heights which shelter it from every wind. Seen from the entrance of the port, Havana presents a beautiful and charming spectacle, but the interior of the town is far from fulfilling the expectations excited in the traveller by the external view. The streets are narrow, crooked, and generally unpaved; and, in the rainy season, they are full of mud. The town is defended by numerous fortifications, which, with the advantage of its natural position, render it one of the strongest fortresses in the world. Havana possesses a university, a botanic garden, and various other literary and scientific institutions. In one of the churches of this town are deposited the remains of Christopher Columbus. Lat. 23° 9′ N., Lon. 82° 23′ W. The pop., including that of the suburbs, was, in 1827, 112,023. (B.)

HAV-ER-FORD-WEST', chief t. of Pembrokeshire, Wales. Lat. 51° 47' N., Lon. 4° 56′ W. Pop. 5,941.

HAVERHILL, commonly pronounced hal-ver-il, a flourishing and handsome t. of Mass., in Essex co., situated on the N. bank of the Merrimack, at the head of sloop navigation, about 28 m., in a straight line, N. of Boston, and on the railroad which runs from the Lowel Railroad to Portland, in Maine. Pop. of the township, 4,336.

HAVRE DE GRACE, håv'r deh grås, or simply LE HAVRE, lẹh håv'r, a