ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. fortified seaport t., and, after Marseilles, the most important commercial t. of France (B.), is situated on the right bank of the Seine, at its mouth, in the dep. of Lower Seine, about 110 m. W. N. W. of Paris. Before the time of Louis XII., it was a mere fishing town, with a small chapel, dedicated to Notre Dame de Grace (our Gracious Lady), and was hence called Le Havre de Grace, or the "haven of grace." Louis laid the foundation of the importance of the place, since which time it has been gradually advancing to its present distinguished rank among the towns of France. Le Havre is the principal port of Paris; it has regular communication by packets with Southampton, Hamburg, Lisbon, New York, Vera Cruz, and Bahia. Steamboats ply between Le Havre, Rouen, and Paris. This place contains a public library, a museum of natural history, and various other literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 49° 29′ N., Lon. 0° 7' E. Pop. in 1836, 25,618. (P. C.) HAVRE DE GRACE, hav`-er-de-grass', a small t. in Hartford situated at the head of Chesapeake Bay, on the railroad between Philadelphia and Baltimore, about 34 m., in a straight line, E. N. E. of the latter city.

CO.,

Md.,

HAWAII, hå-wi'-ee, also written ОWHYHEE, the largest of the Sandwich islands, situated in the Pacific, between 18° 50′ and 20° 20′ N. Lat., and 154 45′ and 156° 10′ W. Lon. Its length is about 100 m.; its greatest breadth, about 90 m. The pop. is estimated at 85,000. For the character and present condition of the inhabitants, see SANDWICH ISLANDS.-Adj. and inhab. HAWAIIAN, hå-wi'-yan.

HAW'-KINS, a co. in the N. E. part of Tenn., intersected by the Clinch and Holston rivers, and bordering on Va. Pop. 15,035. Co. t. Rogersville.

HAYTI OF HAITI, hål-te, (Fr. Haïti, å'-e'-te',) called also Sr. DoMINGO (do-ming-go) and HIS-PAN-I-O'-LA, next to Cuba the largest of the W. India Islands, is situated between 17° 41' and 19° 59′ N. Lat. and 68° 25′ and 74° 34′ W. Lon. Its extreme length, from E. to W., is about 410 m.; its greatest breadth, from N. to S., is near 160 m. The area is computed at about 25,000 sq. m. The pop. in 1826 was, according to Balbi, 800,000, but some others estimate it considerably higher. Hayti is justly considered the most fertile island in the West Indies. There are several mountain ranges in the interior, the elevation of which has not been ascertained, but it is supposed the highest summits do not fall short of 8,000 feet. This island was discovered by Columbus, in his first voyage, and from him received the name of Hispañola (is-pan-yo'-lå), i. e. "Little Spain." It was called, afterwards, St. Domingo, from the town of this name, which was one of the first settlements made on the island. The name of Haïti was given to it by Dessalines, after he had expelled the French in 1803. It is said to be the original Indian name of the island, and to signify "mountainous." Haytı, till recently, formed a republic, with a president chosen for life, and assisted by a legislature, consisting of two houses, a senate and a house of representatives. But on the expulsion of the late president Boyer, the eastern or Spanish portion of the island separated itself

R

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; no, nôt; õõ, as in good,

from the former government, and now constitutes the independent republic of St. Domingo. Port au Prince is the capital of the old, and St. Domingo, of the new republic.—Adj. and inhab. HAI/-TI-ẠN.

HAY-WOOD, a co. in the W. part of N. C., bordering on Tenn. Pop. 4,975. Co. t. Waynesville.

HAYWOOD, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., near the Mississippi r. Pop. 13,870. Co. t. Brownsville.

HAZEBROUCK, ȧz`-brook', a handsome t. of France, in the dep. of Nord, 135 m. almost due N. from Paris. Lat. 50° 43′ N., Lon. 2° 32′ E. Pop. 7,674. (P. C.)

HEARD, hurd, a co. in the W. part of Ga., intersected by the Chattahoochee, and bordering on Ala. Pop. 5,329. Co. t. Franklin.

HEBRIDES, heb/-rid-ez, or the WESTERN ISLANDS, are scattered in the Atlantic, along the W. coast of Scotland, between 55° 35′ and 59° N. Lat., and 5° and 8° W. Lon. Their whole number amounts to nearly 200, but more than one-half are so small or so sterile as not to be inhabited. Adj. and inhab. HEB-RID-E-AN (Scott).

HECHINGEN, heK-ing-en, a small t. of Germany, cap. of HohenzollernHechingen. Lat. 48° 21′ N., Lon. 8° 59′ E. Pop. about 3,000. (B.) HECLA. See ICELAND.

HEDJAZ, hej`-åz', sometimes written HEDSJAZ, a country of Arabia, extending along the Red Sea, from Mount Sinai to the frontier of Yemen.

HEIDELBERG, hil-del-beRG`, an ancient city in the grand-duchy of Baden, on the Neckar, in one of the most beautiful portions of Germany. Over the river there is a covered stone bridge, 702 ft. long, and 30 ft. wide, which rests upon nine arches. This town has, among other institutions, a celebrated university, founded in 1386, the oldest in Germany, except that at Prague. Its library is said to contain 120,000 vols. The pop. of Heidelberg, though at present increasing, is much less than it was formerly. Lat. 49° 24′ N., Lon. 8° 43′ E. Number of inhabitants, about 12,000. (P. C.)

HEILBRONN, hile-bronn', a t. of Germany, in Würtemberg, said to have been founded by Charlemagne, and named by him Heilbronn or the "spring of health," from a medicinal spring in the vicinity. Lat. 49° 7′ N., Lon. 9° 14′ E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

HEL-E-NA, ST.,* an i. in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1,200 m. W. of the coast of Africa, chiefly interesting as the place of banishment of Napoleon, who was confined here from October, 1815, until his death, which occurred the 5th of May, 1821. James Town, the only towr

* Some persons, aiming to be more accurate than ordinary speakers, place the accent on the first syllable-Hel'-e-na. This is unquestionably the correct accentu ation of the name of St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great; and though it is perhaps probable that the island derived its appellation originally from her, the present pronunciation of its name is so thoroughly established that it would be idle to attempt to change it. It is perhaps scarcely necessary to corroborate, by other authority, what is so universally sanctioned by the practice of our best

ou, as in our ; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

and port in St. Helena, is in Lat. 15° 55′ S., Lon. 5° 49′ W. The whole circumference of the island is about 28 m. Pop., exclusive of the garrison, about 5,000. (P. C.)

HELENA, ST., a parish of La., lying a little E. of the Mississippi r. and bordering on the state of Miss. Pop. 3,525. Seat of justice, St. Helena.

HEL-MUND', a considerable r. of Afghanistan, which does not communicate with any sea, its waters being lost in the sand. (B.)

HEL-GO-LAND or HEL-1-GO-LAND, a group of small islands in the German Ocean, between 30 and 40 miles from the mouth of the Elbe. They belong to the English.

HELLESPONT. See DARDANELLES.

HELMSTEDT, helm/-stett, a t. of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, formerly the seat of a flourishing university. Lat. 52° 14' N., Lon. 11° 1' E. Pop. 6,300. (B.)

HEL-SING-FORS, the cap. of the Russian government of Finland, is situated on the N. side of the Gulf of Finland. The former University of Abo was transferred to this place in 1827. It had, in 1839, 22 professors, and above 400 students. Lat. 60° 10' N., Lon. 25° E. Pop. about 10,000. (P. C.) Near Helsingfors is the fortress of Sweaborg or Sveaborg, regarded as the Gibraltar of the Baltic. A great part of its fortifications are cut in the rock.

HEL-VEL-LYN, a mountain of England, in the co. of Cumberland, 3,055 ft. above the level of the sea.

HELVOETSLUYS, hel'-võõt-slois', a small t. of S. Holland, situated on the S. side of the island of Voorne, important on account of its fortifications, its dock-yards, and its fine harbour. Lat. 51° 49′ N., Lon, 4° 8 E.

HEMP-STEAD, a co. in the S. W. part of Ark., bordering on the Red r. Pop. 4,921. Seat of justice, Hempstead c. h.

HEN-DER-SON, a co. in the W. part of N. C., bordering on S. C. Pop,

5,129.

HENDERSON, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., a little W. of the Tennessee r. Pop. 11,875. Co. t. Lexington.

HENDERSON, a co. in the N. W. part of Ky., intersected by Green r., and bordering on the Ohio. Pop. 9,548. Co. t. Henderson.

HENDERSON, a co. in the W. N. W. part of Ill., bordering on the Mississippi r.

speakers; we may, however, be permitted to cite two passages from two distin guished living poets.

"Arran! a single-crested Teneriffe,

A ST. HELENA next in shape and hue,

Varying her crowded peaks and ridges blue."-WORDSWORTH.

"ST. HELENA's dungeon keep

Scowls defiance o'er the deep;

There a hero's relics sleep."-MONTGOMERY.

See ARRAN..

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mê, mêt; pine or pine, pin; no, not; õō as in good:

HEN-DRICKS, a Co. in the W. central part of Ind., W. of Indianapo lis. Pop. 11,264. Co. t. Danville.

HEN-RI-CO, a co. in the E. part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 33,076. Co. t. Richmond.

HENRY, a co. in the S. part of Va., bordering on N. C. Pop. 7,335. Co. t. Martinsville.

HENRY, a co. in the N. W. central part of Ga., bordering on the Ocmulgee г. Pop. 11,756. Co. t. McDonough.

HENRY, a co. forming the S. E. extremity of Ala. Pop. 5,787. Co. t. Columbia.

HENRY, a co. in the N. W. part of Tenn., bordering on the Tennessee r. Pop. 14,906. Co. t. Paris.

HENRY, a co. in the N. part of Ky., bordering on the Kentucky r. Pop. 10,015. Co. t. New Castle.

HENRY, a co. near the N. W. extremity of Ohio, intersected by the Maumee r. Pop. 2,503. Co. t. Damascus.

HENRY, a co. in the E. part of Ind., intersected by the Blue r., a branch of the E. fork of the White r. Pop. 15,128. Co. t. New Castle. HENRY, a co. in the N. W. part of Ill., bordering on Rock r. Pop. 1,260.

HENRY, a co. in the W. part of Mo., N. of Osage r.

HENRY, a co. in the S. E. part of Iowa, intersected by Skunk r. Pop. 3,772.

HERAT, her-åt or her-åt'h', a large fortified city of Persia, situated in the midst of a populous and highly cultivated valley. The streets are narrow and irregular, and the houses mostly of brick. Herat is the centre of an extensive commerce, and possesses flourishing manufactures. The rose-water made here is held in high estimation. This town is the capital of the kingdom of Herat, which is tributary to the king of Persia. Lat. about 34° 30' N., Lon. 61° 10' E. Pop., including that of the suburbs, estimated at 100,000. (B.)

HÉRAULT, à'-ro', a dep. in the S. of France, bordering on the Mediterranean, and intersected by a small river of the same name. Pop. 357,846. Capital, Montpellier.

HERCULANEUM. See POMPEII.

HER-E-FORD, an ancient city of England, cap. of Herefordshire, is situated on the r. Wye, 115 m. W. N. W. of London. Lat. 52° 3′ N., Lon. 2° 43′ W. Pop., including the liberties, 10,921.

HER-E-FORD-SHIRE, a co. in the W. of England, bordering on Wales, Pop. 113,878.

HER-KIM-ER, a co. in the N. E. central part of N. Y., intersected by the Mohawk r. Pop. 37,477. Co. t. Herkimer.

HERMANSTADT, her/-mån-stått, (Hung. Nagy-Szeben nody sà-bên,) an important t., formerly the cap. of Transylvania, is situated about 72 m. S. by E. from Klausenburg. It is the chief t. of the Saxon set tlers in Transylvania, and contains a national museum, two gymnasia, and several other institutions. Lat. 45° 48′ N., Lon. 24° 7 É. Pop. above 18,000. (B.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

HERRNHUT, HERRn/-hoot, a little t. in the kingdom of Saxony, founded by count Zinzendorf, in 1722, remarkable as the earliest and most important settlement of the Moravian brethren.

HERSFELD, hers/-felt, a t. of Germany, in the electorate of HesseCassel, situated on the Fulda. Lat. 50° 51′ N., Lon. 9° 41′ E. Pop. 6,000. (B.)

HERTFORD, har/-ford, the cap. of Hertfordshire, England, on the r. Lea, 21 m. N. of London. Pop., including an area of about 5 sq. m., 5,450.

HERT-FORD, a co. in the N. E. part of N. C., bordering on the Chowan r. Pop. 7,484. Co. t. Winton.

HERTFORDSHIRE, har/-ford-shir, a co. in the S. E. central part of England, N. of London. Pop. 157,207.

HESSE-CAS-SEL (Ger. Hessen Cassel, hes/-sen kås/-sel), an electorate of Germany, consisting of three distinct portions, the largest of which is situated between 50° 6′ and 51° 39′ N. Lat., and 8° 25′ and 10° 15′ E. Lon. One of the others lies a little to the E., intersected by the parallel of 50° 45′ N. Lat., and by the meridian of 10° 25′ E. Lon.; the third is farther N., being intersected by a line drawn in 52° 20 N. Lat.; it is surrounded by Hanover and Lippe. The area of the whole is 4,350 sq. m.; entire pop. in 1835, 700,533. (P. C.) The government of Hesse-Cassel may be styled a limited monarchy, of which the head still retains the title of elector, although there is now no emperor of Germany, so that the dignity is merely nominal. Cassel is the capital.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, hess daRm/-stått, a grand-duchy of Germany, consisting principally of two large portions, separated from each other by a long strip of land, belonging to Frankfort and Hesse-Cassel, and situated between 49° 23′ and 50° 50′ N. Lat., and 7° 50′ and 9° 36′ E. Lon. The area of the whole is about 5,000 sq. m. Entire pop. 718,000. (P. C.) Darmstadt is the capital.

HESSE-HOM-BURG (Ger. Hessen Homburg, hes/-sen hom/-bŎŎRG), a landgraviate of Germany, consisting of two portions; viz., the lordship of Homburg, situated a little to the N. of Frankfort on the Main, and containing about 750 sq. m., with 8,800 inhabitants; and the lordship of Meisenheim (mi'-zen-hime`), lying on the other side of the Rhine, between the Bavarian territory of the Rhine and the dominions of Prussia, with an area of 126 sq. m., and a pop. of 15,200. (P. C.) Homburg is the capital of the whole landgraviate, as well as of the lordship of this name.

HICK-MAN, a Co. in the W. central part of Tenn., intersected by Duck r. Pop. 8,618. Co. t. Vernon.

HICKMAN, a co. occupying the S. W. extremity of Ky. Pop. 8,968. Co. t. Columbus.

HIGH-LAND, a Co. in the S. part of Ohio, E. of Cincinnati. Pop. 22,269. Co. t. Hillsborough.

HIGH-LANDS (commonly pronounced in Scotland, heel-landz), a natural division of Scotland, comprehending the country to the N. and