Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; no, not; õõ as in good; N. to S., 387 m.; greatest breadth about 200. The area is variously estimated from 55,000 to 59,000 sq. m. Pop. 476,183. Springfield is the capital. Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818.

ILLINOIS, a r. of the above state, which rises near Lake Michigan, and, flowing south-westerly, falls into the Mississippi. The whole length is about 400 m. It is navigable for boats nearly to its source.

IL-LYR-1-A, a kingdom forming a part of the Austrian empire, situated between 44° 25′ and 47° 7 N. Lat., and 12° 40′ and 15° 45′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Austria and Styria, E. by Styria and Croatia, S. by the Adriatic, and W. by Italy and Tyrol. The area is 10,801 sq. m. Pop. 1,212,753. (M.) Laybach is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. IL-LYR/-I-AN.

IMOLA, e-mo-lå, (Anc. Fo'rum Corne/lii,) a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, 20 m. E. S. E. of Bologna. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

INDEPENDENCE, a co. in the N. E. part of Ark., intersected by the White r. Pop. 3,669. Co. t. Batesville.

INDEPENDENT TARTARY. See TOORKISTAN.

IN-DI-A, the name given by the ancients to a country of indefinite extent, in the S. E. part of Asia. It appears to have included Hindostan Proper, the island of Ceylon, and the still undefined region of Farther India. The name is supposed to be derived from that of the Indus, Sind or Hind.-Adj. and inhab. IN-DI-AN.

The name, EAST INDIES, has an application nearly co-extensive with that of India, though the former seems to be often employed somewhat loosely to denote, besides the Indian continent, not only Ceylon (which has always been considered as a part of India), but also many other islands of the eastern seas, especially those lying near the Asiatic coast, such as Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the group of Japan.

INDIAN OCEAN, is situated between Africa, Asia, and Malaisia. Its greatest extent, from E. to W., is above 4,000 m.

IN-DI-AN-A, one of the U. S., situated between 37° 50′ and 41° 50 N. Lat., and 84° 44′ and 88° W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Michigan and Lake Michigan, E. by Ohio, S. E. and S. by Kentucky, and W. by Illinois, and divided into 88 counties*. Length, from N. to S.,

Fulton, Gallatin, Greene, Grundy, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Henderson, Henry, Iroquois, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Jo Daviess, Johnson, Kane, Kendall, Knox, Lake, La Salle, Lawrence, Lee, Livingston, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Madison, Marquette, Marion, Marshall, Mason, McDonough. McHenry, McLean, Menard, Mercer, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Ogle, Peoria, Perry, Piatt, Pike, Pope, Putnam, Randolph, Richland, Rock Island, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Shelby, Stark, Stephenson, Tazewell, Union, Vermillion, Wabash, Warren, Washington, Wayne, White, Whiteside, Will, Williamson, Winnebago.

Adams, Allen, Bartholomew, Benton, Blackford, Boone, Brown, Carroll, Cass, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Daviess, Dearborn, Decatur, De Kalb, Delaware Dubois, Elkhart, Fayette, Floyd, Fountain, Franklin, Fulton, Gibson, Grant, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Harrison, Hendricks, Henry, Huntington, Jackson, Jasper, Jay, Jefferson, Jennings, Johnson, Joseph. St., Knox. Kosciusko, La Grange, Lake, La Porte, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Martin, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Noble, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Porter, Posey, Pu

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

275 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 150 m. The area is estimated at 36,000 sq. m. Pop. 685,866. Indianapolis is the capital. Indiana was admitted into the Union in 1816.

INDIANA, a co. in the W. part of Pa., bordering on Conemaugh creek, a branch of the Alleghany r. Pop. 20,782. Co. t. Indiana.

IN-DI-AN-AP-O-LIS, the cap. of Indiana, and seat of justice of Marion co., is situated on White r., nearly in the centre of the state. Lat. 39° 55 N., Lon. 86° 5′ W. Pop. 2,692.

IND-OOR OF INDORE, a city of Hindostan, cap. of a kingdom of the same name, in the prov. of Malwah. It has risen entirely since the year 1818, on the site of the old town of the same name, which was burned to the ground, in 1801, by Sindia, who was at war with Holcar, the chief of Indoor. Lat. 22° 42′ N., Lon. 75° 50′ E. Present pop. estimated from 60,000 to 90,000.

INDOSTAN. See HINDOSTAN.

INDRE, åNdr, a dep. near the centre of France, intersected by a river of the same name, which flows into the Loire. Pop. 257,350. (B.) Capital, Châteauroux.

INDRE AND LOIRE (Fr. Indre et Loire, ândr à lwår), a dep. of France, N. W. of, and bordering on the above. Pop. 304,271. Capital, Tours. IN-DUS OF SINDH (in Sanscrit, Sindhoo), a large r. in the S. of Asia, which rises on the northern declivity of the Himalaya Mountains, and flowing, first north-westerly, and afterwards south-westerly, empties itself into the Indian Ocean by several mouths, in about 24° N. Lat. and 68° E. Lon. Its whole length is estimated at 1,700 m. In consequence of the sand-banks which obstruct the different arms of this river, it is not navigable, in the lower part of its course, except for very small vessels.

ING -HẠM, a co. in the S. part of Mich., near the sources of Grand r. Pop. 2,498.

INGOLSTADT, ing/-gol-stått, a t. and important fortress of Germany, in Bavaria, on the Danube, 33 m. S. W. of Ratisbon. Its celebrated university, founded in 1472, was transferred to Landshut in 1800, but has since been removed to Munich. Lat. 48° 46′ N., Lon. 11° 26′ E. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

INN, a r. which rises in the E. part of Switzerland, flows through Tyrol, and after forming a part of the boundary between Bavaria and Austria, falls into the Danube at Passau.

INNSPRUCK, ins'-prõõk, or INNSBRUCK, (i. e. Innsbrücke, or the "bridge of the Inn,") the cap. of Tyrol, situated on the r. Inn. Its situation is highly picturesque. It stands in the midst of a valley, the sides of which are formed by mountains from 6,000 to 8,000 ft. in height. The Inn is crossed by a wooden bridge, from which a magnificent prospect is obtained. Innsbruck contains seve

laski, Putnam, Randolph, Ripley, Rush, Scott, Shelby, Spencer, Stark, Steuben, Sullivan, Switzerland. Tippecanoe, Union, Vanderburg, Vermilion, Vigo, Wabash, Warren, Warwick, Washington, Wayne, Wells, White, Whitley.

S

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good ;

ral literary and scientific institutions; among which is a university, founded in 1672, afterwards abolished, and finally re-established in 1826. Lat. 47° 16′ N., Lon. 11° 24′ E. Pop. about 11,000. (B.)

IN-VER-A-RY, a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of Argyleshire, situated near the head of Loch Fyne, on the W. coast, 25 m. N. W. of Glasgow. Pop. 1,233.

INVERKEITHING, in'-ver-kee/-THing, a seaport t. of Scotland, in Fifeshire, situated on the N. bank of the Frith of Forth, 10 m. N. W. of Edinburgh. Pop. 1,674.

IN-VER-NESS', a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of Inverness-shire, on the r. Ness, about a mile above its influx into Moray Frith. It is the principal town, as regards manufactures and commerce, in the N. of Scotland. By means of the Caledonian canal, which connects the North Sea with the Atlantic, Inverness has an almost direct communication with the latter. Lat. 57° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 12′ W. Pop. 9,100.

IN-VER-NESS-SHIRE, the largest co. of Scotland, extends across the island, from the Atlantic to Moray Frith. It also includes the islands of Skye, Harris, N. and S. Uist, &c. Pop. 97,799.

IN-VE-RU-RY, a t. of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at the confluence of the Don and Ury, 16 m. N. W. of Aberdeen, with which town it communicates by means of the Aberdeenshire Canal. Pop. 1,619.

IONA, e-o-na, or Ic`-OLM-KILL, (the native name is I, pronounced like ee, and signifying "island,") one of the Hebrides, situated near the W. extremity of the island of Mull, intersected by the parallel of 56° 22′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 6° 26' W. Lon. Length about 3 m. It is chiefly interesting on account of its ruins and historical remembrances. While western Europe lay buried in ignorance and barbarity, this island was remarkable as the seat of learning and of the Christian religion, which was introduced near the middle of the 6th century, by St. Columba, a native of Ireland. The name Icolmkill is a contraction of I-Columb-kill, i. e. the "island of Columba's cell or monastery," kill or kil signifying any religious residence.

I-o'-NI-A, a co. in the S. W. central part of Mich., intersected by Grand r. Pop. 1,923. Co. t. Ionia.

I-o'-NI-AN ISLANDS, situated along the S. W. coast of Greece, and consisting of the seven principal islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Santa Maura, Theaki, Cerigo, and Paxo, form what is termed the Ionian Republic, or the Republic of Seven Islands. The total area is 1,097 sq. m.; the entire pop. in 1836 was 204,266. This republic is under the protection of Great Britain represented by a lord high commissioner, who resides at Corfu, and, with the president of the senate (who represents the executive power of the republic), directs the most important affairs of the state. Corfu is the seat of government.

I-os/-co (Kanotin), a co. in the E. part of Mich., bordering on Saginaw Bay.

Il-o-wa, lately a territory of the U. S., but raised to the rank of a Sovereign state by an act passed during the recent session of Congress (1845-6). The boundary of the state of Iowa, which is far less

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. extensive than the former territory, is as follows:-Beginning in the middle of the Mississippi, at the mouth of Des Moines r., it extends up the latter to the N. boundary of Mo., thence westwardly along this line to the middle of Missouri r., thence up the middle of the same to the mouth of Big Sioux r., according to Nicollet's map, thence up the Big Sioux till it is intersected by the parallel of 43° 38' N. Lat., thence eastward along said parallel to the middle of the Mississippi, thence down the middle of this river to the place of beginning. With these limits Iowa extends from about 40° 24' to 43° 38′ N. Lat., and from 90° 20' to about 97° W. Lon. Length from E. to W. about 300 m.; breadth from N. to S. about 210 m. Iowa is divided into 31 counties. Pop. of the territory, in 1840, 43,112.

Iowa, a co. in Wisconsin, bordering on Illinois. Pop. 3,978.

Ips/-WICH, a t. of England, cap. of the co. of Suffolk, on the Orwell, a branch of the Stour, 63 m. N. E. of London. Pop. of the borough, with an area of nearly 11 sq. m., 25,384.

IPSWICH, a t. and port of entry of Mass., in Essex co., on a r. of its own name, and on the railroad connecting Boston with Portsmouth, 24 m. in a straight line N. E. of the former city. Lat. 42° 41′ N., Lon. 70° 46′ W. Pop. of the township, 3,000.

IRAK ADJEMI, e`-råk' åj/-eh-me', an extensive prov. in the N. W. central part of Persia, nearly corresponding to the Great Media of the ancients. With the Arabians, Irak signifies Babylonia; Adjemi is their name for the Persians; the appellation of the prov., therefore, sig. nifies " Persian Babylonia." (M. B.)

IRE-DELL, a co. in the W. part of N. C., E. of, and bordering on the Catawba r. Pop. 15,685. Co. t. Statesville.

IRE-LAND (Gr. Iegvn; Lat. Hibernia; Irish, E-rin), a large i. in the N. Atlantic, lying W. of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the North Channel at the N., by the Irish Sea in the middle, and by St. George's Channel at the S. It is situated between 51° 25′ and 55° 23' N. Lat., and 5° 27′ and 10° 30′ W. Lon. Its length, from N. N. E. to S.S.W., is near 300 m.; its greatest breadth, from E. N. E. toW. N.W., 185 m. The area is estimated at 28,800 sq. m. The pop., according to the census of 1831, was 7,767,401 (P. C.); in 1841, it amounted to 8,175,273. (American Almanack.) Formerly, Ireland had a parliament of its own, which was subordinate to that of Great Britain; but, in 1800, the two were united, and afterwards received the title of the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland, while the two countries, thus represented in one legislative assembly, were styled the United Kingdom. Ireland is divided into four provinces, viz.: Ülster in the N., Leinster in the E., Munster in the S., and Connaught in the W. These are subdivided into counties, of which Ulster contains 9,

Appanoose, Benton, Blackhawk, Buchanan, Cedar, Clayton, Clinton, Davis, De. 1ware, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fayette, Henry, Iowa, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Jones, Keokuk, Kishkeekosh, Lee, Linn, Louisa, Mahaska, Muscatine, Poweshiek, Scott, Tama, Van Buren, Wapello, Washington.

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; plne or pine, pin; nổ, nôt; ōō as in good: Leinster 12, Munster 6, and Connaught 5, amounting in all to 32. The administration of the government is vested chiefly in the lord-lieutenant and privy council, who are appointed by the crown. Dublin is the capital.-Adj. I'-RISH, and HI-BER-NI-AN (poetical): inhab. I/-RISH-MẠN and HIBERNIAN.

IR-KOOTSK (Irkutsk), a city of Asiatic Russia, cap. of a government of the same name, and of E. Siberia, on the Angara, which at this place is about 1,000 ft. wide. The houses are built chiefly of wood. Irkootsk contains a number of institutions for education; it also possesses some important manufacturing establishments and an extensive trade, being the great entrepôt for the commerce of the N. E. of Asia. Lat. 52° 16' N., Lon. 104° 20′ E. Balbi estimates the pop. at not less than 25,000.

IR-O-QUOIS', a Co. in the E. part of Ill., bordering on Ind. Pop. 1,695. Co. t. Montgomery.

IR-RA-WAD-DY (or Irrawadi) i. e. the "great river," a large r. of Asia, which is supposed to have its source in Thibet, near the E. extremity of the Himalaya Mountains. Its general course is S., and after traversing the whole length of the Birman empire, it empties itself into the Gulf of Martaban, by several mouths. The entire length is estimated at 1,200 m. It may be ascended at all seasons of the year, by vessels of 200 tons, as far as Ava, near 22° N. Lat. and 96° E. Lon., a distance of perhaps 450 m., and, during the rainy season, several hundred miles further. From the apex of the Delta to some distance above Ava, the breadth of the Irrawaddy is seldom less than 1 m., and is sometimes 4 m.

IR-TYSH OF IRTISH (Russ. pron. ĕĕr-tish), a r. in the N. W. part of Asia, which rises in the Chinese empire, and flowing through the lake Saisan or Dzaisan, falls into the Oby, in the Russian government of Tobolsk. Its whole length is perhaps 1,500 m.

IR/-VINE, a seaport t. of Scotland, in Ayrshire, situated on a r. of the same name, the estuary of which forms its harbour. It is about 23 m. S. W. of Glasgow. Pop. of the parish, 5,214.

IR-WELL, a r. of Lancashire, in the N. W. of England, which flows into the Mersey.

IR-WIN, a co. in the S. part of Ga., bordering on the Ocmulgee r. Pop. 2,038. Co. t. Irwinsville.

IS-A-BEL-LA, a co. near the centre of Mich.

ISCHIA, is/-ke-å, (Anc. Æna/ria, Inar'ime, and Pithecu'sæ,) a fertile and beautiful i. in the Mediterranean, belonging to the kingdom of Naples, situated scarcely 8 m. from the promontory of Misenum. It is about 7 m. long, and has an area of 21 sq. m. Pop. about 24,000. Ischia, the principal town, stands on the eastern part of the island, in Lat. 40° 43′ N., Lon. 13° 56′ E., and contains about 3,000 inhabitants. (M.)

ISER OF ISAR, eel-zer, a r. of Bavaria, which rises on the borders of Tyrol, and, flowing north-easterly, falls into the Danube. Its whole length is perhaps 150 m.