ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. JONES, a co. in the E. part of N. C., S. of the Neuse r. Pop. 4,945. Co. t. Trenton.

JONES, a co. near the centre of Ga., bordering on the Ocmulgee. Pop. 10,065. Co. t. Clinton.

JONES, a co. in the S. E. part of Miss., intersected by Leaf r. Pop. 1,258. Co. seat, Ellisville.

JONES, a co. in the E. part of Iowa, intersected by the Wapisipinecone r. Pop. 471. Co. t. Edinburg.

JONKÖPING OF JONKJÖPING, yon/-cho-ping, a t. of Sweden in Gothland, the cap. of a gov. of the same name, situated at the S. extremity of L. Wetter. Lat. 57° 47' N., Lon. 14° 10′ E. Pop. 4,000. (B.)

JOOD-POOR or MAR`-WAR', a state of Hindostan, in Rajpootana, situated between 24° and 28° N. Lat., and 70° 20′ and 75° 30′ E. Lon. JOODPOOR, the cap. and largest t. of the above state, is situated about 100 m. W. of Ajmere. Pop. estimated at about 60,000. (B.)

JOR-DAN, a celebrated r. of Palestine, which rises in the Anti-Libanus, or Mount Hermon, and, flowing S. through the L. of Tiberias, empties itself into the Dead Sea. Its length is about 150 m.

JORULLO, HO-rool-yo, often pronounced Ho-rool-yo, a recently formed volcanic mountain of Mexico, about 70 m. S. W. of Valladolid. In 1759, from the midst of cultivated fields of sugar cane and indigo, a mountain arose in one night 1,600 ft. above the previous level of the plain. Flames are said to have issued from an extent of more than half a square league, while fragments of burning rocks were thrown up to a prodigious height, and through a thick cloud of ashes, illumined by volcanic fire, the softened surface of the earth was seen to swell like an agitated sea. The numerous apertures of this volcanic mass, which is 3 or 4 miles in extent, continue still, it is said, to emit smoke. 18° 45′ N., Lon. 101° 30′ W.

Lat.

JOSEPH, ST., a co. in the S. part of Mich., bordering on Ind., and intersected by the St. Joseph's r. Pop. 7,068. Co. t. Centreville. JOSEPH, ST., a co. in the N. part of Ind., intersected by St. Joseph's r., bordering on Mich. Pop. 6,425. Co. t. South Bend.

JOSEPH'S, ST., a r. which rises in the S. part of Mich., and flowing into Ind., afterwards returns into Mich., and empties itself into L. Michigan. Another small r. of the same name rises in the S. part of Mich., near the sources of the above, and flowing into Ind., unites with St. Mary's r. to form the Maumee.

JOUDPOOR. See JOODPOOR.
JUAN, ST. See SAN JUAN.

JU-AN FER-NAN-DEZ (Sp. pron. Hoo-ån fer-nån'-deth), a group of islands in the S. Pacific, situated about 400 m. W. of the coast of Chili, near 33° 40′ S. Lat., and 79° W. Lon. The largest one, called Juan Fernandez, from the name of the discoverer, is 10 or 12 m. in length, and perhaps 6 in breadth. It is chiefly remarkable for having been, in the 17th century, the solitary residence of Alexander Selkirk, during a period of more than four years.

JUG-GER-NAUT, a t. and celebrated temple of Hindostan, and one of

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mě, mět; plne or pine, pin; nô, nôt; ŏŏ as in good : the principal places of Hindoo pilgrimage, is situated in the prov. of Orissa, on the sea-coast, 260 m. S. W. of Calcutta. The temple of Juggernaut is said to be regarded by the natives as the most sacred religious establishment in all India. Lat. 19° 49′ N., Lon. 85° 54′ E. Permanent pop. estimated at 30,030. (B.)

JUJUY, HOO-HWee', a state of S. America, formerly belonging to the confederation of La Plata, but which is now entirely separated, and may be regarded as an independent republic. (B.) It is situated on a river of the same name, which flows into the Vermejo, near 23° S. Lat. and 62 W. Lon.

JULIERS, zhü'-le-à', (Ger. Jülich, yoo'-lik,) an ancient t. and fortress of Rhenish Prussia, situated about 23 m. W. of Cologne. Pop., exclusive of the military, 2,800. (B.)

JUM-NA, a r. of Hindostan, the principal tributary of the Ganges, rises on the S. W. declivity of the Himalayas, near 31° N. Lat., and 78° 30′ E. Lon., and flowing at first in a southerly, and afterwards south-easterly direction, joins the Ganges at Allahabad, where its breadth is quite as great as that of the latter river. Its whole length is estimated at 780 m.

JUNGFRAU, yoong-frou,* (i. e. the "virgin.") or the "Virgin Mountain," a magnificent and lofty mountain of Switzerland, in the canton of Bern, surrounded by formidable rocks and precipices, in consequence of which it was formerly deemed inaccessible. Height, 2,145 toises, or 13,719 ft. above the level of the sea. Lat. 46° 33' N., Lon. 7° 57' E. Ju-NI-AT-A, a r. of Pa., which rises in the S. central part of the state, and, flowing easterly, falls into the Susquehanna, about 14 m. above Harrisburg.

JUNIATA, a co. in the S. central part of Pa., intersected by the above r. Pop. 11,080. Co. t. Mifflin.

Ju-RA, an i. of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, lying W. of Argyleshire, of which county it forms a part. It is about 26 m. in length, and near 9 m. in its greatest breadth.

JURA, a mountain chain of Europe, which commences near Geneva, and runs northward along the frontier of France and Switzerland. The whole length is perhaps 160 m., and the average breadth about 30 m. The culminating point of this chain is Le Recullet (ler' kül-la) in the French dep. of Ain, which is only about 880 toises, or 5,628 ft. above the level of the sea.

JURA (Fr. prou. zhü`-rå'), a dep. in the E. of France, bordering on Switzerland. It derives its name from the Jura Mountains, by which it is traversed. Pop. 315,355. Capital, Lons-le-Saulnier.

JUT-LAND (Dan. Jylland, yül-land), a territory of Denmark, which formerly occupied the whole peninsula, between the Baltic, the Catte

"But I have seen the soaring JUNGFRAU rear

Her never trodden snow."-Childe Harold, Canto IV. "The VIRGIN MOUNTAIN wearing like a queen

A brilliant crown of everlasting snow."-WORDSWORTH.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. gat, the Skager Rack, and the North Sea; the N. boundary being formed by the r. Eyder (i'-der). At present, Jutland comprises the northern portion of the peninsula, extending from 55° 23′ to 57° 44′ N. Lat., and from 8 5 to 10° 57′ E. Lon. This province, however, is sometimes called North Jutland, while the duchy of Sleswick is termed South Jutland. The length of the whole peninsula is about 240 m.; the greatest breadth, 108 m. The length of North Jutland is above 170 m. Its area is 9,550 sq. m. Pop. about 525,900. (P. C.) For South Jutland, see SLESWICK. The name of Jutland is derived from the Jutes, a nation who anciently inhabited this country.—Adj. JUT/-LANDISH; inhab. JUT/-LAND-ER.

KAF-FA OF FEODOSIA, fi-o-do'-se-å, (Anc. Theodo'sia,) a t. and free port of Russia, situated on the S. E. shore of the Crimea. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, when this place was in the possession of the Genoese, its commerce was very extensive, and its inhabitants are said at one time to have amounted to 80,000 (P. C.); but at present it does not contain the tenth part of that number. It appears, however, to be slowly rising from its decay. Lat. 45° 2′ N., Lon. 35° 13′ E. КАНІВ А. See CAIRO.

KAIR-WAN, a large city of Barbary, in the regency of Tunis, formerly the cap. of the Mahometan dominions in N. Africa, is situated about 80 m. S. of Tunis. Lat. 35° 38′ N., Lon. 10° 17′ E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at about 40,000, but by some other writers as high as 50,000.

KAÏSARIEH, ki-sar-eel-ch, (Anc. Cæsarela,) a t. of Asiatic Turkey, the ancient cap. of Cappadocia, situated on a branch of the Euphrates, 156 m. S. E. of Angora. Previously to its capture by the Persian king Sapor, about 260 A. D., it is said to have contained 400,000 inhabitants; but the present pop. is estimated at only about 25,000. (B.) Lat. 38° 42′ N., Lon. 35° 22′ E.

KAL-A-MA-ZOO', a r. in the S. W. part of Mich., which flows into L. Michigan.

KALAMAZOO, a co. in the S. W. part of Mich., intersected by the above river. Pop. 7,380. Co. t. Kalamazoo.

KALISZ, kål-lish, one of the handsomest towns in Poland, the cap. of a palatinate of the same name, is situated near the W. frontier of the Russian dominions, 128 m. W. by S. from Warsaw. It is surrounded by walls flanked with towers, and has five gates. The streets are

broad and well paved, and the houses are generally good. Kalisz is the seat of numerous manufactures, and contains several important literary and scientific institutions. This city was founded about 655, and was long the residence of the dukes of Great Poland. Lat. 51° 45 N., Lon. 18° 5' E. Pop. estimated at 15,000. (M.)

KAL-00-GA (Kaluga), an important manufacturing and commercial t in the S. central part of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, is situated on the Oka, about 100 m. S. W. of Moscow. Lat. 54° 30 N., Lon. 36° 3′ E. Pop. in 1836, 32,345. (P. C.)

T

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mê, mêt; plne or pine, p'n; nô, nôt; õō as in good;

KAMA, ka-må, an important r. in the E. part of European Russia, the largest of the affluents of the Volga. It rises in the government of Viatka, near 58° N. Lat., and 53° 30′ E. Lon., and flowing in a very circuitous course, at length falls into the Volga, below Kasan, bringing with it a volume of water nearly equal to that of the main river. The length is estimated at near 500 m. It is said to be more useful for navigation than the Volga.

KAMIENIEC, kam-yen'-yets', sometimes written KAMINIETZ, an archieopiscopal t. of Russian Poland, cap. of the gov. of Podolia, on an affluent of the Dniester, about 10 m. from this river. Lat. 48° 41' N., Lon. 27° 1' E. Pop. stated at above 15,000, but this is probably an exaggeration. (M.)

KAMT-CHAT-KA OF KAMTSCHATKA (often pronounced in English kamskat/-ka*), a large peninsula near the N. E. extremity of Asia, situated between the 51st and 62d parallels of N. Lat., and the 155th and 170th meridians of E. Lon. It is near 800 m. in length, and about 290 m. in its greatest breadth; while the narrowest part of the isthmus is rather Jess than 100 m. wide. Cape Lopatka, in 51° 0′ 15′′ N. Lat., and 156° 42′ 30′′ E. Lon. forms the S. extremity of Kamtschatka. From near this point, a chain of volcanic mountains appears to extend through the whole length of the peninsula. The Klioo'-tchev-skoi! (Kliutschevskaja), the most formidable of the active volcanoes, is about 16,000 ft. in height. Avatchka, another, near Avatchka (or Awatska) Bay, on the S. E. coast, has an elevation of 9,594 ft. The height of the peak of Klintchevska is stated by Balbi at 3,134 toises, or about 20.040 English ft. The principal inhabitants of this country are the Kamtschadales, who belong to the Mongolian race. They occupy the S. portion of the peninsula, as far as 58° N. Lat., and have fixed habitations. Their chief employment is hunting and fishing; dogs are used to draw their sledges in winter. The Koriaks, a wandering tribe who possess the N. part of Kamtskatka, and who are scattered over a considerable tract of country between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Polar Sea, travel on sledges drawn by reindeer. Kamtschatka forms a district of the Russian dominions, of which Petropaulovsk (called also Awatska or Avatchka) is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. KAMT-CHATKAN and KAMT`-CHA-DALE'.

KANAWHA, kan-aw/-wa, (Great,) a r. in the W. part of Va.. which rises in N. C., and, flowing northerly, empties itself into the Ohio r., in about 38° 50′ N. Lat. In the upper part of its course, it is sometimes called New River.

KANAWHA, a co. in the N. W. part of Va., intersected by the above river. Pop. 13,567. Seat of Justice, Kanawha c. h.

KANDAHAR. See CANDAHAR.

It may be remarked, that Kamtschatka is the German, while Kamtchatka is the French spelling. Tch in French being equivalent to tsch in German, or ch in English, it will be perceived that, in either case, the name should be pronounced Kamchatka.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

KANE, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ill. Pop. 6,501.

KAN-ZAS or KON/-ZAS, a r. of the U. S., in the Indian Territory, which joins the Missouri r. at the western border of the state of Missouri.

KARA-HISSAR, kå`-rå'-his-sar', i. e. the "black castle," or AF-EE-OOM/ (Afium), KARA-HISSAR, the "black castle of opium," an important manufacturing t. of Asiatic Turkey, remarkable for the immense quantities of opium cultivated in its vicinity. Lat. 38° 45′ N., Lon. 30° 43′ E. Pop. estimated at 60,000. (B.)

KARAMANIA. See CARAMANIA.

KARLS-BURG, or karls/-bŎŎRG, (Lat. Al/ba-Julia; Hung. Gyula Fejérvár, dyoo-löh fa-yaiR-våår,) a fortified t. of Transylvania, situated on the right bank of the Marosch, 32 m. N. W. of Hermanstadt. It contains a mint, and an observatory: in its vicinity, at the distance of a few miles, are the richest gold mines in the Austrian empire. Pop. 6,000. (B.)

KASAN or Ka-zin', an archiepiscopal city in the E. part of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, is situated about 4 m. from the left bank of the Volga. This t. has increased very rapidly of late; though destroyed by fire in 1774, and again half burnt down in 1815, it has arisen more flourishing and beautiful than ever. It is the seat of numerous manufactures, and the commercial entrepôt between European and Asiatic Russia. It contains a university, which was first opened in 1814, with a library of above 28,000 vols. (M.), and various other literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 55° 48′ N., Lon. 49° 21' E. Pop. in 1833, 57,000. (M.)

KASCHAU, kåsh'-ou, (Hung. Kassa, kōsh-shōh,) a flourishing manufacturing and commercial t. of Hungary, with a royal academy containing a library of 10,000 vols., and several other literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 48° 38′ N., Lon. 21° 16′ E. Pop. 13,600. (M.)

KAS-KAS-KI-A, a r. which rises in the E. central part of Ill., and flowing south-westerly, falls into the Mississippi r. a little S. of the 38th parallel of N. Lat. On this river, near its mouth, is the village of Kaskaskia, which was founded by the French, in 1683, and is the oldest settlement in the valley of the Mississippi.

KATMANDOO. See CATMANDOO.

KATRINE, LOCH, lok ka-trin, a lake of Scotland, in the S. W. part of Perthshire, 5 m. E. of Loch Lomond, about 10 m. in length, and from 14 m. to 2 m. in breadth. It is surrounded by lofty mountains, divided by deep ravines, and exhibits every variety of wild and picturesque scenery.

KECSKEMÉT, kech'-kem-ait', a t. of Hungary, about 50 m. S. E. of Pesth. Lat. 46° 54' N., Lon. 19° 43′ E. Pop. estimated at above 34,000. (B.)

KEIGHLEY, usually pronounced keeth/-le, a t. of England, in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, 16 m. W. N. W. of Leeds. Pop. 9.255. KEITH, keeth, a t. of Scotland, 42 m. N. W. of Aberdeen.

The