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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. as to be a perfect desert. The aboriginal inhabitants of this continent are classed in the same grand division of the human race with the African negro, but appear to be decidedly inferior both in their physical constitution, and in their intellectual and moral faculties. They are the only people, of whom we have any knowledge, that go completely naked. Inhab. NEW HOLLANDER, or AUSTRALIAN.

AUS-TRI-A (Ger. Oestreich, öst/-rike), an empire of Europe, lying between 42° and 51° N. Lat., and 8° 30′ and 26° 50' E. Lon.; bounded on the N. W. and N. by Saxony and Prussia, N. E. and E. by the republic of Cracow and by the Russian and Turkish provinces, S. by Turkey, the Gulf of Venice, the territories of the Pope, Modena, and Parma, and W. by the Sardinian States, Switzerland, and Germany. The length is estimated at 870, the breadth at 690 m. The superficial extent, according to Balbi, is about 259,300 sq. m. The pop. in 1826 was estimated by the same writer at 32,000,000. The empire of Austria is composed of the kingdoms of Bohemia, Galicia, Hungary, Illyria, Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia, and the governments of Lower and Upper Austria, Styria, Trieste, Tyrol, Transylvania, the Military Frontier, and Austrian Italy, or the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, besides some smaller districts, such as Great and Little Cumania, &c. These will be treated of under their respective heads. The name Oestreich, which signifies "eastern empire," arose from this territory having been the eastern part of the dominions of Charlemagne. The area of Austria at that time scarcely exceeded that of the present archduchy. Vienna is the capital.-Adj. and inbab. Aus'-TRI-AN.

AUSTRIA, ARCHDUCHY OF, which constitutes the principal part of the hereditary dominions of the house of Austria, is bounded on the N. by Bohemia and Moravia, E. by Hungary, S. by Styria, Illyria, and Tyrol, and W. by Tyrol and Bavaria. Area about 14,881 sq. m. It is divided into Lower and Upper Austria. The former occupies the eastern, the latter the western portion of the archduchy.

AU-TAU-GA, a co. in the central part of Ala., N. of, and bordering on the Alabama r. Pop. 14,342. Co. t. Washington.

AUTUN, õ`-tunꞌ, a city of France, on the r. Arroux, in the dep. of the Saône and Loire, 164 m. S. E. of Paris. This town existed before the Roman conquest under the name of Bibrac'te; after the time of Augustus, it was called Augustodu'num, of which Autun is a corruption. A number of interesting ruins may be seen here. Lat. 46° 57′ N., Lon. 4° 18′ E. Pop. 10,000.

AUVERGNE, O`-vern or o'-vaiRn', formerly a prov. of France, now divided into the deps. of Cantal and Puy de Dôme. The name is derived from the Arverni, an ancient nation who inhabited this part of Gaul.

AUXERRE, O`-sair', (Anc. Autissiodu/rum,) a city of France; cap. of the dep. of Yonne, on the r. Yonne, 92 m. S. E. of Paris. Lat. 47° 48' N, Lon. 3° 34' E. Pop. 10,989. (B.)

AUXONNE, Ox-onn', or AUSSONNE, o`-sonn', a fortified t. of France, in

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; me, met; plne or pine, pin; no, not; ŏŏ as in good,

the dep. of Côte d'Or, on the Saône, 19 m. S. E. of Dijon. Pop. in 1832, about 5,000. (P. C.)

AVA. See BIRMA.

AVALLON, å`-vål`-lon', a t. of France, in the dep. of the Yonne, 120 m. S. E. of Paris. Pop. above 5,000. (P. C.)

AVEIRO, å-vale-ro, a city of Portugal, in the prov. of Beira. Lat. 40° 38' N., Lon. 8° 38′ W. Pop. 4,000. (B.)

AVELLA, å-vel/-lå, a t. in the kingdom of Naples, 20 m. N. E. of the capital. Near to it are the ruins of the ancient Abella, from which its name has been derived. Pop. 5,000. (M.)

AVELLINO, å-věl-lee-no, a manufacturing and commercial t. of Naples: cap. of the prov. of Principato Ultra, 30 m. E. by N. of Naples. Lat. 40° 55' N., Lon. 14° 45′ E. Pop. 13,000. (B.)

AVENCHES, a'-vånsh', (Lat. Âven'ticum,) a little of Switzerland, about 3 m. from the Lake of Morat, and 20 m. W. S. W. of Bern, remarkable for the Roman antiquities found in its vicinity.

AVERNO, å-ver/-no, (Anc. Aver/nus,) a celebrated lake in the vicinity of Naples, about 2 m. N. W. of Pozzuoli. It is circular, and about 14 m. in circumference.

Aversa, å-vêr'-så, a t. in the kingdom of Naples, 12 m. N. by W. of the capital. It contains large foundling hospital, and a lunatic asylum, which ranks among the best establishments of the kind in Europe. Lat. 40° 57′ N., Lon. 14° 11' E. Pop. estimated at 16,000. (B.) AVESNES, å'-vain', a fortified t. of France, in the dep. of Nord, 123 m. N. E. of Paris. Pop. about 4,000. (P. C.)

AVEYRON, à'-và`-ron, a r. in the S. of France, flowing into the Garonne.

AVEYRON, a dep. in the S. of France, on the above r. Pop. 370,951. (B.) Capital, Rodez.

ÁVEZZANO, à-vêt-sa-no, a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Abruzzo Ultra, about 20 m. nearly S. of Aquila. Pop. about 6,000. (B.)

AVIGNON, av-een-yon, or a-veen'-yon, (Anc. Aveꞌnio,) a celebrated city of France; cap. of the dep. of Vaucluse, on the left bank of the Rhone, just above the mouth of the r. Durance. Avenio was a very ancient city; it appears to have been a town of some importance before the Roman conquest, and holds a conspicuous place in the history of the middle ages. About the year 1308, Pope Clement V., himself a native of France, removed his court from Rome to Avignon, which continued to be the papal residence till 1376, when Gregory XI. left it, to return to Rome. It afterwards became the residence of the anti-popes Clement VII. and Benedict XIII. Lat. 43° 57′ N., Lon. 4° 48' E. Pop. 31,000: in the 14th century it amounted to 100,000. (B.)

AVILA, -ve-lå,* a t. of Old Castile, Spain; cap. of a prov. of the same name, with a university. Lat. 40° 42′ N., Lon. 4° 50′ W. Pop. 4,000. (B.)

* "Lerma 'the generous,' AVILA 'the proud.'"-ROGERS' Voyage of Columbus

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

AVLONA, åv-lol-nå, or VALONA, (Anc. Au'lon,) a town of Albania, on & gulf to which it gives its name, formed by the celebrated Acrocerau nian promontory. Lat. 40° 29′ N., Lon. 19° 26' E. Pop. 5,000. (B.) AVON, à-von, the name of several small rivers of Great Britain. The principal and most interesting is that which rises at a source called Avon-well, in Northamptonshire, and, flowing by the village of Stratford, the birth-place of Shakspeare, empties itself into the Severn, in Gloucestershire, after a course of about 100 m.

Av-OY-ELLES, a parish of La., on the S. side of the Red r. Pop. 6,616. Seat of justice, Marksville.

AVRANCHES, av`-rånsh', (Anc. In'gena, afterwards Abrinca/tui and Abrin/cæ,) a city of France, in the dep. of Manche, 195 m. nearly W. from Paris. Lat. 48° 41' N., Lon. 1° 25' E. Pop. 7,000. (P. C.)

A-WATS-KA or AV-ATCH-KA, a bay on the E. coast of Kamtchatka. Also the name of a r. which flows into this bay, and of a small village situated at its mouth.

AWE, LOCH, a fresh water lake of Scotland, in the co. of Argyle. It is about 24 m. long, while its average breadth is only about 1 m.

Ax-OOM, written also AxoUM and Axum, (Gr. Ažovμis,) a t. of Abyssinia; formerly cap. of a powerful kingdom of this name, which appears to have extended its dominions over a great part of Abyssinia, a part of Arabia, and even to have received tribute from the Byzantine emperors. There are at this place several remains of antiquity, which show that the Axumites were highly skilled in the art of sculpture, and acquainted also with the Greek language. The town at present contains about 600 houses. (B.) Lat. 14° 7' N., Lon. between 38° and 39° E.

AYAMONTE, i-ya-mon/-tà, a fortified t. of Spain, in the kingdom of Seville. Lat. 37° 12′ N., Lon. 7° 14′ W. Pop. 6,347. (P. C.)

AYASOOLOOK, -yå-soo-look', (Fr. spelling Ayasalouk,) a miserable village of Asia Minor, on the site of the ancient Ephesus, with a mosque, castle and aqueduct, constructed out of the ruins of that once magnificent city. Here have been discovered, among other antiquities, the remains of the great temple of Diana, which is mentioned in the 19th chapter of the Acts. Lat. 37° 55′ N., Lon. 27° 20′ E.

AYLESBURY, ailz/-ber-re, a t. of Buckinghamshire, England, on the road from London to Warwick, 38 m. from London. It is a very ancient place, and is said to have been one of the strongest garrisons of the Britons, in their struggle against the Saxons. Pop. of the borough, with an area of about 5 sq. m., 5,429.

AVR, air, a r. of Scotland, which rises in Ayrshire, and, after a course of about 30 m. nearly due W., falls into the sea at the t. of Ayr, where its estuary forms a fine harbour.

AYR, a sea-port t. of Scotland, cap. of Ayrshire, on the above r., near its mouth; 67 m. S. W. of Edinburgh. Entire pop. of the parish, 8,264.

AYRI-SHIRE, a co. in the S. W. of Scotland, bordering on the sea. Pop. 164,356.

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, måt; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good;

AZERBAIJAN, åz-er-bi/-jån`, a prov. in the N. part of Persia, lying around L. Ooroomeeyeh. Tabreez is the capital.

Az-or or Azov, (Anc. Pallus Mæo'tis,) a sea of Russia, forming a part of the boundary between Europe and Asia, and connected with the Black Sea by the Strait of Yenicalë. Its greatest length is about 200 m.; the breadth varies exceedingly, but perhaps, on an average, may be estimated at about 70 m. The only considerable river which it receives is the Don.

AZORES, az/-ōrz,* or az-ōrz!, (Port. Açores, à-sol-ris,) called also the Western Islands, are situated in the Atlantic, about 800 m. W. of Portugal. They consist of nine islands, in three distinct groups, lying in the direction of W. N. W. and E. S. E., and extending about 330 m. The north-western group contains the small islands of Corvo and Flores; the central, Terceira, St. George, Pico, Fayal, and Graciosa the south-eastern, St. Michael and St. Mary. They are included between the parallels of 36° 57′ and 40° N. Lat., and the meridians of 25° and 31° 15′ W. Lon. The several islands will be treated of under their respective names. As these islands, when first discovered by the Portuguese, were entirely destitute of human inhabitants, as well as of beasts, they called them Acores (the plural of açor, a hawk or bird of prey), from the number of this kind of birds found here.-Adj. and inhab. Az-o'-RI-AN.

BA-BEL-MAN-DEL, (see Int. XII.,) or, more correctly, BAB-EL-MANDEB, the strait which connects the Red Sea with the Indian Ocean, lying between Arabia and Abyssinia. The width of this strait is estimated at about 16 m.

BACCHIGLIONE, båk-keel-yo'-nà, a r. in the Venetian States, which rises in the Alps, and, flowing S. E., passes through the t. of Vicenza, and afterwards by the walls of Padua, 30 m. below which it enters the Adriatic at Brondolo. Its entire course is about 90 m.

BAD-AG/-RY, a t. on the Slave Coast of Guinea, cap. of a small kingdom of the same name, about 6° 15′ N. Lat., and 2° 50′ E. Lon. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (P. C.)

BADAJOS, båd-a-hocel, (Sp. Badajoz, bå-på-Hoth'; Lat. Pax Augus/ ta,) a fortified t. of Spain, cap. of Estremadura, on the Guadiana. The bridge over the Guadiana, 1,874 feet in length, is one of the finest in Europe. Lat 38° 52′ N., Lon. 6° 48′ W. Pop. 13,000.

(B.)

This accentuation, though perhaps not the most prevalent, is sanctioned by the general tendency of our language, (see Int. XII., Obs. 2.) as well as by the practice of many of the best speakers. The second pronunciation may be objected to as being neither native nor English. If we would pronounce like the natives we must follow the example of Milton, and divide the name into three syllables (See Paradise Lost, Book IV., line 592.) The authority of Cowper is in favour of the first pronunciation.

"Those Ausonia claims, Levantine regions these: the AZORES send Their jessamine."

The Task, Book IV.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

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BADEN, bål-den, a grand-duchy of Germany, extending along the right bank of the Rhine, and situated between 47° 30′ and 49° 50' N. Lat., and 7° 30′ and 9° 50′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt, E. by Würtemberg, S. by Switzerland and the Lake of Constance, and W. by the Bavarian circle of the Rhine and by France, from which it is separated by the Rhine. Length near 190 m.; greatest breadth about 100. The area is estimated at 5,973 sq. m. Pop. 1,130,000. (B.) Carlsruhe is the capital.

BADEN (the Civitas Aure/lia Aquen'sis of the Romans), a t. situated in the centre of the grand-duchy of Baden, celebrated for its warm mineral springs and baths. Hence originated the name, Bad in German signifying a "bath." Lat. 48° 46′ N. Lon., 8° 15' E. Pop. 4,200. (B.)

BADEN (Anc. Ther/mæ Celtic), a t. in the arch-duchy of Austria, about 15 m. S. of Vienna. It is annually visited by many thousand strangers, on account of its warm springs and baths. Permanent pop. about 3,000. (B.)

BADEN, a t. in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, on the Limmat (the outlet of the Lake of Zürich), 13 m. N. W. of Zürich, celebrated for the warm mineral springs and baths in its vicinity, known to the Romans by the name of Ther/mæ Helve/ticæ. Pop. 1,700. (B.)

BADENWEILER, bål-den-wil-ler, a small village in the grand-duchy of Baden, 5 m. E. of Brisach, remarkable for the remains of a vast Roman bathing establishment, arranged for both cold and warm, as well as vapour-baths. It contains 50 chambers, furnished with all the conveniences for bathing, and an altar, still existing, dedicated to Diana Anoba. (B.)

BAEZA or BAECA, bå-al-tha, (Anc. Bea'tia,) a t. of Spain, in Jaen. Lat. 37° 57' N., Lon. 3° 28′ W. Pop. 11,000. (B.)

Baffa, båƒ1⁄4-få, a small seaport t. on the W. coast of the island of Cyprus, with a castle. Its name is a corruption of the ancient Paphos, the ruins of which are still to be seen here. Lat. 34° 54' N., Lon. 32° 30′ E.

BAF-FIN'S BAY, a large gulf on the N. E. coast of America, between that continent and Greenland. It is comprised between the parallels of 68° and 78° N. Lat. and the meridians of 51° and 80° W. Lon., extending in a N. N. W. direction. It is about 780 m. long, and, on an average, about 280 wide. The name is derived from William Batfin, by whom it was discovered in 1616.

BAGDAD, båg-dad',* or BAG/-DAD, a large and celebrated city of Asia

Southey appears always to place the accent on the last sy" file of this name, which accords with the native pronunciation.

"The old man answered, 'To BAGDAD I go.""

stands not Bagdad

Near to the site of ancient Babylon?"

"At length BAGDAD appeared,

The city of his search."-Thalaba, Books IV, and V.

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