APPOINTMENTS. (JUNE 18 TO JULY 13.) CAPT. Sir Henry Trollope is appointed to the command of Le Juste of 80 guns. Capt. E. Riou is appo`nted to the command of the Amazon frigate, 38 guns, fitting at Woolwich. Captain Browell is appointed to the command of the Princess Augusta yacht, fitting at Deptford. Vice Admiral Græme is appointed Port Admiral at Sheerness, in the room of Vice Admiral Mitchell, who commands the Naval Force which is to assist the troops employed in the secret expedition. Captain Nicholas, who went round the world as midshipman under the late Capt. Vancouver, is appointed to the Ceres. Capt. Morris, late of the Lively frigate, is appointed to the command of the Phaeton, the ship which carries Lord Elgin to Constantinople. Capt. Henry Hill to command the Gorgon. Capt Rees, of the Houghton East India Man, is appointed to fill the vacancy of Master Attendant of Shipping at Madras. PRESENTATIONS, (JUNE 18 TO JULY 13.) June 19. Captain Cuthbert, of the Majestic. on promotion, who took the command of that ship after Captain Westcott fell in the action off the Nile. The gallant veteran Earl Howe, was at the Levee for the first time this season, and appeared in good health and spirits. Jan 26. Captain Durham, of the Anson frigate, on his marriage, and on returning from his cruize with the Channel fleet. Capt. Webley, on his promotion in the Navy, by Admiral Lord Viscount Hood. MARRIAGES. The 16th inst. at Edinburgh, Capt. James Ross, of the Royal Navy, second son of Admiral Sir John Ross, of Balnagown, to Miss Catharine Farquharson, only daughter of James Farquharson, Esq. of Invercauld. The 29th ult. with special licence, Admiral john Carter Allen, to Mrs. Stella Frances Freeman, of Devonshire Place. 1 ately, Richard Harrison Pearson, Esq. Captain in the Navy, and son to Sir Richard Pearson, Esq. of Greenwich Hospital, to Miss Maria Holmes, of Westcombe Park, near Greenwich. OBITUARY, At Paris, in the 64th year of his age, Charles Borda, an eminent Mathematician, and one of the Authors of the new French system of Weights and Measures. He was a Lieutenant de Vaisseau de Rei under the old French Government, and with De la Crene and Pingre made a voyage to America, in order to ascertain the utility of certain instruments for determining the latitude and longitude. The account of this voyage was published under his inspection, with the title of "Voyage fait par ordre du Roi en 1771 et 1772, en diverses parties de l'Europe et de l'Amerique, pour verifier l'utilité de plusieurs methods, et instrumens servant à determiner la latitude et la longitude tant du vaisseau que des cotes, isles, et cueila," &c. par MM. Verdun de la Crene, Le Chev. de Borda, et Pingré, 1778, 2 vol. 4to. He was the Author also of Description et Usage du Cercle de Reflexion," 1787, 4to. and of several Physical and Mathematical Memoirs in different journals. He has been succeeded in the Bureau des Longitudes by C. Bougainville. June 27. Monday se'nnight, as an officer and a marine belonging to the Inconstant frigate, were going on board in the Graving-dock, Liverpool, soon after she took the blocks, the plank broke, and they both fell into the water; the former saved himself by swimming, but the marine was unfortunately drowned. Captain David Wilmott, who, in promoting the service and glory of his country, fell at Acre, had been in 16 severe actions, in eight of which he was severely wounded. He was First Lieutenant of the Seahorse when that ship captured La Sensible, on which occasion he was made Commander into the Alliance. Major Oldfield, of the Marines, was likewise an officer highly estimated, and, conformable to the meritorious conduct of his corps, had actually entered the works of Buonaparte when he fell. The 28th of March, at York, in Upper Canada, Benjamin Hallowell, Esq. aged 75, last surviving Commissioner of the late American Board of Customs, and father of Capt. Hallowell, of his Majesty's ship Swiftsure. The 7th ult. in Thorney-street, Bloomsbury, Henry Turnbull, Esq. of his Majesty's Navy. The 28th ult. at Bristol Hot Wells, where she had gone for the recovery of her health, Miss Ross, the youngest and only surviving daughter of the late Admiral Sir J. Ross, of Balnagown, Bart. Additional Account of Sir Charles Lindsey's death, vide Nav. Chron. Vol. II. page 82. This naval officer had been cruising off the coast of Demerary about a fortnight, when he came to anchor about four or five leagues from the mouth of the river, being unwilling to bring his ship into shallow water. He went on shore on Wednesday the 6th of March, and went with his Excellency Governor Beaujou to dine with Mr. Beete, the commissary, with a firm determination to go off to his ship the moment the water began to ebb. The Governor had repeatedly urged him to remain on shore all night, stating the extreme difficulty of his finding the ship, and the great danger of going out at night on that coast, particularly then, the weather being dark and squally, and even sent for the pilot, who also in van endeavoured to dissuade him from his intentions. He left Mr. Peete's about 5 o'clock, just at high water: the ship firing signal guns all night created the first uneasiness respecting him; but nothing was heard with certainty until Friday morning, when a sailor was found nearly expiring on the West sea coast, at an estate called Bienfait, by the negroes, who gave 'notice of it to Dr. Perkins, by whose humanity and attention he was so far recovered as to relate, that his name was John Davis, that he was one of 6 men who were in the boat with Sir Charles on Wednesday evening; that they heard the guns and saw the rockets thrown up for signals, but never got sight of the ship; that between 9 and 10 o'clock the boat filled and upset, when Sir Charles and the men got on the bottom of her, where they remained driving about the whole night, with infinite difficulty retaining their situation. In the morning several small vessels passed near them; but, though they made every exertion to make themselves seen, particularly by hoisting a black and white handkerchief on an oar, they were not able to effect their purpose; that, about 9 o'clock in the morning, a ship (the Queen, of Liverpool) passed pretty near them; and Sir Charles ordered Anth. Hall and John Robinson to swim off with the assistance of the boat's mast, and endeavour to reach her; they did so, but in vain. About noon, finding it impossible longer to remain on the boat, from which they had been frequently washed, they each took an oar, and endeavoured to swim to the land; and that, when he (Davis) last saw his unfortunate captain, he was swimming pretty strong. On Thursday night Davis was thrown on the west coast, where he lay until morning, not having strength to get through the mud; Hall and Robinson were also thrown ashore the same night at the Fellowship, an estate not far from the Bienfait; they have all three been in great danger, but are likely to recover. Neither the body of Sir Charles, nor those of the other three seamen, were found. Thus perished a brave and amiable officer, in the prime of youth, with all the advaniages of birth and fortune, added to those of high reputation in his profession, who fell a sacrifice to his strict attention to his duty; by rather hazarding the perils of a dark night, than sleeping out of his ship, and whose eulogium cannot be better made than by the sincere and heart-fel: regret of his officers and seamen. NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIODS. No. III. Continued from Page 466, Vol. I. From darkest Time her humble Birth She drew, HAYLEY. Progress of Navigation slow and interrupted. Peculiar Dangers of the Grecian Seas. History of the Grecian Navy; their Men of War considered in detail. First invention of the Anchor. Ptolemy Philopater's Ship.-Hiero's Ship. Review of the different ranks in the Grecian Navy. Etymology of the term Admiral. Consideration of the knowledge which the Ancients are said to have possessed of The Compass. Greek Launch.-Order of sailing observed by their Fleets. Order of Battle. Conduct after Victory. NAVIGATION and Ship-building, as Dr. Robertson well observes, are arts so nice and complicated, that they require the ingenuity, as well as experience of many successive ages, to bring them to any degree of perfection. When the different powers of Greece had formed themselves, from a vain spirit of independence, into separate states, they each displayed a distinct Marine Force: yet neither in The Heroic Age, as it is styled, nor even at a more advanced period during The Persian War, must we look for any of that nautical skill, or daring manoeuvre, which so much distinguish the exploits of the British Navy. The black ships of Homer form an important group in the hands of such a master; but their magnitude, or force, exists only in the sublime descriptions of The Poct: the vessels of the Greeks were mostly without decks, and had but one mast: * History of America, vol. i. book i. strangers to the use of anchors, each threatening peril was considerably increased: it demanded the courage of an Hero not only to undertake a Maritime Expedition, but to trust himself on the waves in a bark, which once afloat was driven before the wind, with but a feeble power to counteract its violence. Hence, though the course of their most celebrated Voyages was but inconsiderable, the danger of them was great. Yet even these feeble efforts of Naval Architecture were infinitely superior to the preceding ones, which a ruder age had constructed of leather *: thus Virgil, when describing the boat used by Charon, on the Styx, says, gemuit sub pondere cymba Sutilis, et multam accepit rimosa paludem, NEID, vi. 414. Whoever possessed sufficient ingenuity to improve these rude attempts, was received, as already remarked, among the number of their gods. Aries and Taurus were originally the names of two celebrated Ships, which having returned from a successful voyage, were consecrated according to the prevailing custom of the age. Before we enter on the renowned Naval Expedition, that is recorded to have sailed from Greece against Troy †, The bottom and sides were extended on a frame of thin battens, or scantlings, of flexible wood, or begirt with wickers. Dardanus secured his retreat in one of them to the Country afterwards called Treas, when he was compelled by a severe flood to forsake his former habitation of Samothrace. Boats of a similar nature continue to be used on parts of the coast of Ireland. + Troy, Dardania, or Ilion, was the capital of Troas, which some affirm to have been part of Phrygia Minor, situated between the two Mysias. Its principal towns were, Percote, Abydlus, the Castle of the Dardanelles on the Asia side; Arisba; Dardanium urbs; Rhateum; Sigeum urbs, the town of Janizzari, near which was the tomb of Achilles; and Troja, now in ruins. The rivers were Scamander, otherwise called Xanthus, Palescamandria; Simois, which falls into the Scamander; Andricus, which also falls into the same river; Granicus, the I ezzara; O Esepus, the Spiga; Rhesus, Heptaporus, Caresus, and Rhodius, were not to be found in Pliny's time; Selleis, and Practium. Dardanus, ancestor in the sixth degree to Hector, was the first king of the country, and built Troy. Neptune repaired its walls in the age of King Laomedon. About 30 stadia from the ruins of the old city, which was captured by the Greeks, arose a new one, that bore the ancient name, and received ample donations from Alexander it may be of service to our readers to give some account of the Grecian Navy, in as plain, and concise a manner, as the subject will admit. The Seas which surround Greece, were, as they still continue, singularly adverse to a bold navigation: the Greeks of all ages have been excellent boatmen, but wretched seamen. The Mediterranean vessels at present, not excepting the French which are chiefly manned by Mediter ranean sailors, never keep the sea but with a fair wind. "The English alone, accustomed in all their surrounding waters to a bolder navigation, commonly venture in the Archipelago to work to windward *." Hempen cordage the Great, yet it continued small, and in the age of Strabo was nearly in ruins. Lempriere observes that Julius Cæsar, who wished to pass for one of the descendants of Æneas, intended to make it the capital of the Roman empire, and to transport thither the Senate and the Roman people: that the same apprehensions were entertained in the reign of Augustus, and in consequence Horace addressed the Ode to him, Justum et tenacem propo iti virum, to dissuade from so wild a proje. The Ancient City was built on a small eminence near Mount Ida, and the promontory of Sigæum, at the distance of about four miles from the sea shore. A description of the plan of Troy has been published in French in the Third Volume of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, written by M. Chevalier. This has been ably answered by Mr. Bryant. According to M. Chevalier, the old city stood on the present site of the modern village of Bounarbachi, distant four leagues from the sea. This village is situ ated on the side of an eminence, exposed to every wind, at the termination of a spacious plain. Close to the village is to be seen a marsh covered with tall teeds, and the situation is impregnable on all sides, except at Erin, Homer's Epireos, the bill of wild fig trees, which extended between the Scean gate, and the sources of the Scamander. A very interesting part of this treatise by M. Chevalier, is the account of conical mounds, or barrows, several of them 100 feet in diameter at the base; which he maintains to be the tombs raised over the ashes of the Heroes who fell in the Trojan war. "It is astonishing," observes the ingenious Mr. Mitford, that among the many genealogies which Homer has transmitted to us, none is traced so far into antiquity, as that of the royal family of Troy." This city was twice taken, and plundered before its celebrated Siege. Strabo distinguishes the Trojan kingdom by the name of Hellespontine Phrygia, under that appellation it contained the Country afterwards called Troas, together with both shores of the Hellespont, and the large and fertile Island of Lesbos, Mitford's History of Greece, vol. i.-a most admirable work. + Mr. Wood in his Essay relates the following anecdote, which is also cited by Mr. Mitford :-" I remember," says the former, " to have heard an English Captain of a Turkey ship, a man of knowledge and character, say, |