to the havens of the Baltic. The British merchants, who were highly favoured by that monarch, settled in the new metropolis, which suddenly became the principal mart for the Russian trade. The privileges of the British factory established in Russia are confirmed by a solemn treaty of commerce and navigation, concluded in 1734 between George II. and the empress Anne; and renewed, in 1766, between his present Majesty and Catharine II+.

The whole trade of St. Petersburgh in exports and imports for 1777, with the English and other nations, was,

In exports

Imports

£.2,400,0001

1,600,000

£. 4,000,000

800,000

£1,508,782 67

423,942 12} £1,932,715 x

1,084,839 14

Consequently, the trade with all other nations (the Russian subjects

Gain

From hence it is evident Russia gains annually by her trade with the

the British subjects about And that she loses by her trade with all other nations

L.1,084,829 17

284,829 17

800,000 0

Remains annually a clear gain of about But should the contraband traffic (in which the value of the imports far exceeds that of the exports, and in which the British have little or no concern) be included, it will considerably diminish the balance of these commercial profits as just stated.

According to this statement, half the trade of St. Petersburgh is in the hands of the English; but as their exports and imports in 1777 exceeded those of the preceding, or subsequent years, this estimate may

In 1752 Elizabeth again restored the ancient immunities of Archangel; and its present trade is not inconsiderable.

The port of Archangel supplies the government of Archangel, part of those of Nishnéi-Novogorod and Casan, with European commodities; and draws in exchange from those parts corn, flax, hemp, coarse linen, cordage, sails, masts. tallow, which are mostly conveyed by the Dvina: it forms also a principal communication with the northern and western parts of Siberia, from whence the merchants procure furs, skins, and iron.

The reader will find the first treaty of 1734 in Rousset's Supplement to Dumont's Corps Diplomatique, Vol. III. p. 495; and the last, of 1766, in a Collection of Treaties between Great Britain and other Powers, Vol. II. p. 309. -327

be considered as too highly rated: we may fairly however allow, upon the most moderate computation, that a third of this commerce is car ried on by our factory.

The average number of merchant ships, which annually arrive from England at the port of Cronstadt, with goods laden for Petersburgh, may be collected from the following table:

The general state of the trade of St. Petersburgh in 1778 was,

In the same year the following number of vessels arrived at Cron

Beside the metropolis, the Russian trade in the Baltic is carried on at Riga, Revelt, Narva, and Wiburgh. From Riga a considerable quantity of corn is exported by the English, Swedes, and Dutch, which is sent down the Duna from the provinces of Plescof, Smolensko, and Novogorod: a few masts are also shipped from the same port. The other exports from this, and the above-mentioned maritime towns, are similar to those of Petersburgh.

The French exports and imports are, in time of war, mostly conveyed in Dutch bottoms, which is the reason why, in 1778, but one French vessel arrived at Cronstadt, although their exports and imports for that year amounted to £.148,753.

The exports from Revel in 1780 amounted to £.30,283; the imports to £94,648. Jour Pet. for 1781.

In the same year 71 ships arrived at Narva, of which 33 were Dutch, 9 English, 11 Danish, 8 Swedish, and 2 from Lubec. Ibid.

At Biga 758 ships arrived in 1782. See Hamb. Pol. Journ. for 1782. P. II. 2. 480.

VIE

PLATE XXI.

IEW of Toulon, with the Portrait of a Polacre in the fore. ground. These vessels, with three masts, are usually navigated in the Levant, and other parts of the Mediterranean, with square sails upon the main mast, and lateen sails upon the fore and mizen masts. Some of them, however, carry square sails upon all the three masts, particularly those of Provence in France. Each of their masts is commonly formed of one piece, so that they have neither topmasts, nor top gallant masts; neither have they any horses to their yards, because the men stand upon the topsail yard, to loose, or furl the top gallant sail, and on the lower yard to reef, loose, or furl the top sail; whose yard is lowered sufficiently down for that purpose.

ACCOUNT OF TOULON.

History.

There is no older mention of this place than that made in a maritime itinerary; it was anciently styled Telo Martius, a port town of Gallia Narbonensis; distant twelve miles from Tauroentum, a town of the Bruttii, on the Tuscan Sea, now extinct *. Telo Martius, according to the common opinion, was founded by a Roman general.

Towards the end of the tenth century Toulon, or Thoulon, was destroyed and pillaged by the African pirates, almost as soon as rebuilt. The Constable of Bourbon, at the head of the Imperial troops, took possession of it in 1524, as did Charles the Fifth in 1536; but in the next century Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy could not enter it; and Prince Eugene in 1707 ineffectually laid siege to it. Toulon, prior to the revolution, was an episcopal see; its inhabitants were then computed at 80,000.

This City experienced the dreadful ravages of the Plague, thrice in the fifteenth century, in 1418, 1461, and 1476; once in the sixteenth, 1587; four times in the seventeenth, 1621, 1630, 1647, and 1664; and once in this century, 1720.

PRESENT STATE,

With Diredions for sailing into the Great Road.

This celebrated city is situated in the department of the Var (Provence), and is divided into the old and new quarters. The first which is very ill built, has nothing remarkable in it but the Rue aux Arbres, which is a kind of mall, and the Town House; the gate of which is surrounded by a balcony, supported by two termini, the masterpieces of the famous Pujet. The New Quarter, which forms as it were a second city, contains, besides the magnificent works constructed in the reign of Louis the Fourteenth, many fine houses,

* Its ruins are to be seen near Palma, in the Calabria Ultra.